2017专升本语法表格-1(动词+非谓语).doc

表格1 词类介词连词 conj.动词 v.副词 ad.感叹词数词形容词代词冠词名词 n. 十大词类1. His work is good. 2. I work in Xihua University. 表格2 动词非谓语动词不定式 to do; not to do动名词 doing; not doing分词现在分词 doing; not doing过去分词 done; not done谓语助动词be (am, is, are, was, were, being, been)have (has, had) do (does, did, done)shall (should) will (would)动词辅助性连系动词 + 形容词/名词/分词/介词短语/不定式短语/表语从句 状态 be 持续 remain, keep 表像 seem, appear, look 感官 feel, smell, sound, taste 变化 become, grow 终止 prove, turn out 情态动词 能 can could be able to do 可以 may might 应该 shall should 必须 must 愿意 will would 应该 ought to (ought not to) 不得不 have to (doesnt/dont have to ) 竟敢 dare (darent) (否定和疑问句) 需要 need (neednt) (否定和疑问句) 过去常常 used to 非独立行为动词 (独立)及物（+ 宾语） vt. 不及物 vi. 表格3 5种基本句型英语五种基本句型1. Subject + Intransitive Verb (+ Adverbial) 主语 不及物动词 （状语）2. Subject + Transitive Verb + Object 主语 及物动词 宾语3. Subject + Transitive Verb + Object + Object Complement主语 及物动词 宾语 宾语补足语5. Subject + Linking Verb + Subject Complement 主语 连系动词 主语补足语/表语4. Subject + Transitive Verb + Object (indirect) + Object (direct)主语 及物动词 宾语（间接） 宾语（直接）区分：3. 主+及物+宾+宾补 VS 4. 主+及物+间宾+直宾Eg. 3. 主+及物+宾+宾补1) We call her Mary. (She is Mary.) 2) I expect you to come. (You will come.) 3) We saw him open the box. (He opened the box.) 4) I dont like him being rude to you. (He is being rude to you.) 5) We made him happy. (He was happy.)1) We found the door locked. (The door was/had been locked.)2) We thought it foolish for you to do it. (It was foolish for you to do it.)Eg. 4. 主+及物+间宾 (sb.) +直宾 (sth.) 1) He brought me a box of chocolate. brought a box of chocolate to/for me2) The firm promised the employees a salary increase. promised a salary increase to the employees3) English has caused me a lot of trouble. caused a lot of trouble to me 4) I taught you English. taught English to you5) He told them where to go. told them where they should goHe told us a joke. told a joke to us.6) I ask you whether/if they have gone. 7) I had to remind myself that being confident is not the same as being perfect!表格 4 情态动词+ have done “过去”1) must have done过去一定做过（对过去发生的事情肯定的推测） “一定(已经)”否定式只能是 cant have doneIt must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。 Mr. Smith cant have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。2) may have done过去可能做过 “可能(已经)”What has happened to George? 乔治发生了什么事？I dont know. He may have got lost. 我不知道，他可能迷路了。3) can have done（疑问句）本来能做（实际没有做）“可能(已经)”There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？4) should have done ought to have done过去本该做（实际没有做）（责备语气） “本应该”shouldnt have done过去不该做（实际已经做过了）“本就不应该”Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。Look, Tom is crying. I shouldnt have been so harsh on him. 看，汤姆哭了，我本来不应该对他如此严厉。5) neednt have done过去本来不必做（实际已做过了）“本来不必”；need have done “本来需要”I neednt have bought so much wineonly five people came. 我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldnt have missed the train. 他本来需要快点去车站，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。6) 虚拟组would have done / could have done / might have done 表格 5 非谓语动词非谓语动词语法功能时态被动不定式短语eg. to read the book slowly 名，形，副1） 主语 (形式主语)2） 表语3） 宾语 4） 定语5） 状语6） 宾补(主补(被动）)3种：一般：to do (同时或之后)进行：to be doing (同时且正在)完成：to have done (之前即先于谓语)to be done动名词短语eg. reading the book slowly名1） 主语(部分形式主语)2） 表语3） 定语4） 动宾 5） 介宾2种： 一般：doing (同时或之后)完成：having done (之前即先于谓语)being done having been done分词短语现在分词eg. reading the book slowly形，副1） 定语2） 状语 3） 表语4） 宾补2种：一般：doing (同时或之后)完成：having done (之前即先于谓语)being done having been done过去分词eg. written by me last year形，副1） 定语2） 状语 3） 表语4） 宾补表格6独立主格结构考点：独立主格中的名词或代词与其后面的动词构成逻辑上的主谓关系。作用是在句中用作状语，可表方式，条件，因果或伴随状况。标志: , (逗号) 即独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。1) 名词/主格代词 I you we they he she + 现在分词，doing 2) 名词/主格代词 + 过去分词， done3) 名词/主格代词 + 不定式， to do4) 名词/主格代词 + 形容词， adj.5) 名词/主格代词 + 副词， ad.6) 名词/主格代词 + 介词短语， prep.7) There being + 名词（代词），8) It being + 名词（代词），Winter coming，it gets colder and colder冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。 More time given，we should have done it much better如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。 The boy stood there，his right hand raised那个男生站在那里，右手高举。 Here are the first two volumes，the third one to come out next month这是前两卷，第三卷将于下月问世。 I heard that she got injured in the accident，my heart full of worry我听说她在这场事故中受了伤，内心充满担忧。He stood silent in the moon-light，his door open月光下，门开着，他默默地站立在那。Nobody in，the thief took a lot of things away由于没有人，小偷拿走了许多东西。 Lunch over，he left the house午饭结束，他离开屋。 The huntsman entered the forest，gun in hand那位猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。 He fought the wolf，a stick his only weapon他和狼搏斗着，唯一的武器是一根棍棒。There be 句子变成独立主格结构不能只是把be去了，而是需要把be变成being： There being no taxi, we had to walk home.There being nothing else to do, we left.由于没有其它事情可做，我们离开了。It 句子It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。 It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。With/without 后面可以引导独立主格结构： 注意with是介词