八年级下册期末综合试题.docx

八年级下册期末综合试题姓名 成绩物理部分一、填空题（每空1分，共20分）12014年陕西省中考，我市采用网上阅卷，同学们要使用2B铅笔涂卡，如图1所示，使用时，铅笔与纸面之间产生的摩擦叫_(填“滑动”或“滚动”)摩擦，只有在一定面积上均匀涂抹并且深度适合，计算机才能有效识别。用两手指顶住铅笔两端,根据手指的感觉可验证压强与_的关系。 2如图2所示是一款具有摄像功能的手机，摄像机的镜头相当于一个_透镜，通过镜头所成的像是_（填“实像”或“虚像”）。图232011年7月,D3115次动车与D301次动车在温州发生追尾脱轨坠落事故。危急之际，工作人员虽然紧急刹车制动，但列车由于_继续向前滑动，追尾事件瞬间发生。动车脱轨后向桥下坠落是因为动车受到_的作用。 4房顶的面积是45m2，大气压作用在房顶上的压力是_N，这么大的压力没有把房子压塌，原因是_。xK b1. C om5如图3甲所示，用一把弹簧测力计，人就可以拉起3吨重的大象和铁笼，是因为使用杠杆可以_。如图3乙所示，升旗杆顶部有一个定滑轮，使用它不能省力，但可以改变_。图4 图56、 小强用100N的水平推力推着重力为300N的小车，30s内在水平地面上匀速前进了15m，在此过程中小强对小车做的功为_J，功率为_W。7、如图4所示，课堂上物理老师把一个轻的空纸盒竖立在讲台上，让电吹风的风从它左边侧面吹过（不吹到盒子），可以看到盒子将向_边倒（填“左”或“右”），这是因为_。8、质量为48kg的人，如果他每只鞋底的面积为160cm2，他站立时对地面的压力是_N，他走路时对地面的压强是_Pa。（g=10N/kg）9.如图5所示，用动滑轮将重为10N的物块竖直向上匀速提升20cm，拉力为6N，此过程中拉力做的功为_J，动滑轮的机械效率为_。图 610小丽在参观现代养牛场时，观察到养牛场里的家畜自动喂水器如图6所示。 她认为其中包含了许多物理知识，请你说出两条： ； 。二作图题，每小题3分，共9分1. 如图12所示，画出物体A所受的重力的示意图。图 122、如图13所示，画出力F的力臂。图133.小林要提起重800N的物体，但是他的最大拉力只有300N,请你帮他在图14中画出最省力的绕绳方法。 图14三综合题，11分用图18所示的滑轮组匀速提升重为480N的物体G，所用拉力F为200N，将重物提升3m所用的时间为10s。求：（1）拉力所做的有用功；（2）滑轮组的机械效率；图 18（3）请写出一条提高该滑轮组机械效率的方法。数学部分一、填空题(每题3分，共30分)2若-2x10的值不小于-5，则x的取值范围是_3在数据-1，0，4，5，8中插入一数据x，使得该数据组中位数为3，则x_4如图1，在ABC中，D、E分别在AC、AB上，且ADABAEAC12，BC5，则DE_图19如图2，在ABC中，AD是BC边上的中线，BE是AC边上的中线，BE交AD于F，那么AFFD_图210如图3，A40，B30，BDC101，则C_二、选择题(每题2分，共10分)11下列说法中错误的是()A2x-8的解集是x-4Bx5的正整数解有无数个Cx73的解集是x-4Dx3的正整数解有无限个A1B-3C2D-213下列各式中不成立的是()A-BxyCD14两个相似多边形面积之比为12，其周长差为6，则两个多边形的周长分别为()A6和12B6-6和6C2和8D66和61215下面的判断正确的是()A若|a|b|a|-|b|则b0B若a2b2，则a3b3C如果小华不能赶上7点40分的火车，那么她也不能赶上8点钟的火车D如果两个三角形面积不等，那么两个三角形的底边也不等英语部分四、单项选择（共30分，每小题2分)( ) 21. These books were really good, so she couldnt .A. put down it B. put it down C. put down them D. put them down( ) 22. Do you think if Tom the work well? I think he will if he his best. A. does, will try B. will do, tries C. does, tries D. will do, will try( ) 23. I have never been to African countries. What about you? _. A. Neither have I B. So do I C. Neither do I D. So have I( ) 24. Dont worry! Ill do what I can you when you are in trouble.A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped( ) 25. Im going to visit Yellow Mountain with my family this weekend. _. A. Good luck B. Congratulations C. Have a great time D. That sounds good( ) 26. _ have you learned to play the piano? _ five years ago.A. How long, For B. How often, For C. How long, Since D. How soon, Since( ) 27. Are you worried about the coming exam? No, I think the more _ you study, _ mistakes youll make.A. careful, the less B. careful, the fewerC. carefully, the less D. carefully, the fewer( ) 28. Do you know _ _? Sorry, I dont. But I saw her just now. xKb 1.C omA. where has she gone B. where she has goneC. where she has been D. where will she go( ) 29. I have _ _ decided when to leave, but my sister hasnt decided _ _.A. yet, yet B. already, already C. already, yet D. yet, already( ) 30. I called you last night, but no one answered me.Oh, I_ a shower.A. have taken B. was taking C. took D. will take( ) 31. The policeman asked the child _ cross the street _ the traffic lights turned green. A. not, when B. not to, unti C. didnt, before D. not to, after( ) 32. I _ a new house recently.Great. When _ you _ it?A. have bought, did, buy B. have bought, have, boughtC. bought, did, buy D. bought, have, bought( ) 33. Two thirds of the population of the village _ farmers. The number of them _ about 2,000.A. is, is B. is, are C. are, are D. are, is( ) 34. Im leaving for the exam. Bye, Mum.Well, make sure youve got _ ready.A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing( ) 35. _ is your school?I cant remember it well. I_ for ten years.A. How big, have left B. What big, have been awayC. How big, have been away D. What big, have left五、完形填空（共10分，每小题1分)Do you write your own blog(博客)? Do you often 36 others blogs on the Internet? All over the world, not only famous persons but also many students use blogs as diaries and places to share their experiences and 37 advice or help. “ I write my activities every day, 38 funny things and worries in my life.” says Lili, a high school student in Washington. “ I like putting pictures on my blog because it can make my blog more 39 and more people will like it. Its a good way 40 my life to the world.” She has had her blog for eight months. Students like writing blogs 41 they can write anything they want to, but dont need to 42 any money. When you start to write your blog, you will find 43 necessary to open up your eyes to a new world. But what you write down may trouble you 44 . So use the blog carefully 45 you can keep yourself away from some trouble. The blog makes everyones life colorful.( ) 36. A. read B. write C. forget D. miss( ) 37. A. learn from B. hear of C. ask for D. depend on( ) 38. A. without B. including C. between D.include ( ) 39. A. common B. modern C. famous D.interesting ( ) 40. A. to show B. showing C. show D.showe