虚拟语气精讲精练及答案.doc

虚 拟 语 气 总 览 1 英语中的三种语气 英语共有三种语气 陈述语气 祈使语气和虚拟语气 陈述语气用来讲述事实 有肯定 否定 询问和感叹等形式 谓语动词有人称 时态和数的变化 祈使语气用于提出请求 建议 劝告 命令和警告等 以动词原形起句 否定式句前加Don t 虚拟语气表示说话人所言内容不是事实 而是一种假设 愿望 建议 请求 命令或猜测 有时只是说话者的主观愿望 或表达他 她的强烈情感 谓语动词用特殊形式 2 非真实条件句的虚拟语气 条件从句 主句 过去 had done would should might could ought to have done 现在 did be用were would should might could ought to do 将来 1 did 2 should do 3 were to do would should might could ought to do 巧计主句中五个虚拟引导词 MS COW 奶牛女士 might should could ought to would 2 1 与过去事实相反 1 If I had had much money at that time I would have bought you what you want 2 If you had been more careful the mistake might have been avoided 3 If you had taken my advice you wouldn t have made such a mistake 4 We wouldn t have succeeded if it had not been for their help 5 If you had been here yesterday you would have met the film star 6 If I had known more about giving first aid I could have helped them 7 If you had got up earlier you would have caught the train 8 If we had had enough rain last year we could have gained a good harvest 9 If you had worked a little harder you could have passed the final examination 10 If they had invited her to the party she would have attended it 2 2 与现在事实相反 1 If I were you I would go there at once 2 If my classmates were here they would help me 3 If I were you I would accept the job 4 If classes were smaller children would learn more 5 If I were ten years younger I would start all over again 6 If I had enough money I would buy a large house 7 If I had time I would go shopping with you 8 If I knew all the answers to all your questions I would be a genius 9 If he were here now we would ask him about it 10 If I had time I would study French 11 If I knew her number I could ring her 可惜我不知道 12 If there were no gravity we should not be able to walk 实际上地球引力始终存在 13 If I knew the answer I would tell you 实际上我确实不知道 所以肯定不能告诉你 14 If I had money on me I would lend you some 15 We would not be able to walk if there were no friction 16 If you were in my position what would you do 17 If they treated me as a slave I had to resign 18 If there were no examinations we should have a much happier time 19 If wishes were horses beggars might ride 如果幻想能成为马匹 叫花子们都有了坐骑 20 Life might be too dull if it had no difficulties in it 倘若生活中没了困难 就会过于平淡 2 3 与将来事实相反 1 If it rained should rain were to rain tomorrow we would have a rest 2 If the sun were to rise from the west I would marry you 注意 对将来虚拟的条件从句中 在实现的可能性方面过去式did最大 should do中等 were to do最小 如本句太阳没有可能从西方升起 所以本句用were to最恰当 3 If I were to meet her tomorrow I would ask her about it 4 If green plants should disappear some day there would hardly be any life on the earth 5 If I were to do the work I would do it in a different way 6 If it should were to rain this afternoon the football match would be put off 7 If you missed the film this evening you would be sorry for it 如果今晚错过了这场电影 你会遗憾的 实际上 你不会错过 8 If I were to see her tomorrow I would invite her home 9 If you lived there for several months you would change your mind about the place 10 If things were to be done twice all would be wise 如果事情能被做两次 人人都会变得明智 2 4 混合型 1 If you had followed the doctor s advice you would be much better now 过去 现在 2 If you had worked hard you would be a college student now 过去 现在 3 If you had listened to me you wouldn t be in such trouble now 过去 现在 4 If you had got six more votes yesterday you would be our chairman now 过去 现在 5 If I had earned much money last summer I would go on a vacation next month 过去 将来 6 If you hesitated this moment you might suffer in future 现在 将来 7 If the doctor had come sooner last night Tom would be alive today 过去 现在 8 If I were you I would have gone to her birthday party 现在 过去 9 If it had rained last night the ground would be wet now 过去 现在 10 If you hadn t lent me some money I couldn t have bought the new house and most likely I wouldn t be still living in the dangerous house now 过去 过去 现在 2 5 if的省略与条件句的倒装 1 Were I you I would have accepted the job 2 Were she here she would support us 3 Were you to go fishing with me you would have a much happier time 4 Were men angels no government would be necessary 如果人人都是天使 政府就没有必要了 5 Were she my daughter I wouldn t allow her to study abroad 6 Had you come earlier you would have met my girlfriend 7 Had I time I would come 本句中had是实意动词 而非主动词 8 Had I been informed earlier I could have done something to prevent it from happening 9 Many persons in the worls would have succeeded had they not wasted their valuable time 10 Should it be fine tomorrow we would go outing 11 Should you change your mind no one would blame you 12 We would gone to your birthday party had you invited us 13 I would go should it be necessary 14 What would have happened had Bob walked farther as far as the river bank 15 Had it not been for you I would have lost my way 16 Were it not for water no plant could grow 注 例句8 9知识点见 二 6 B a 17 Be they common people or high ranking officials they stand equal before the law Whether they be 18 Be the weather what it may I will leave tomorrow Whether the weather be what it may 注 例句13 14知识点见 八 5 注意 在这一结构中 若条件句为否定句 not应被放在主语之后 而不能缩写成weren t shouldn t或hadn t而置于居首 如例15 16 2 6 含蓄型 A with 要是有 如果有 表示与现在事实相反的假设 1 With your help we would have worked out the problem 要是有你的帮助 我们早就解出这道题了 实际上你没有帮助我们 我们也没有解出这道题 2 With a little asssistance Alexander would have succeeded 3 With better equipment we could have done it better B a without but for if it were not for were it not for if it hadn t been for had it not been for in the absence of Sb Sth b but that 句子 注意 a b 都表示 要不是 若非 如果没有 如果不是 表示与现在事实相反的假设 1 Without your help I wouldn t have made such rapid progress 2 Without the programmer 程序编制人员 the computer would be useless 3 Without sunshine nothing could grow on earth 4 Without water or air nothing could live 5 Without contradiction nothing could exist 没有矛盾 就没有世界 6 Without him we would have failed 7 Without the difficulies we would not know great men s toughness 如果没有困难 我们就不会了解伟人的坚韧性格 8 I would never make it without the havits of order and diligence 假如没有按部就班和勤奋的习惯 我就不会成功 9 Without challenges Obama would never have been President of the United States 10 Without steel there would be no modern industry 没有钢 就没有现代工业 11 But for the rain we should have had a pleasant journey 12 But for your timely rescue the boy would have drowned 13 But for friction people could neither walk nor even stand up 注 以上例句1 13without but for都可互换 并可替换为in the absence of 若是对现在或将来的虚拟 可用If it were not for替换 若是对过去的虚拟则可用If it had not been for来替换 14 But that he saw it he could not have believed it 15 The little girl would have fallen into the river but that the PLA man caught her 16 But that you didn t let me take that cup of tea I would have been posioned to death 17 She would have come to see you that day but that she was ill But for her illness 18 But that it snowed heavily they could have arrived there earlier But for the heavy snow 19 She would have bought the book but that she had no money then 20 If it weren t for my job I would come with you 21 If it were not for his wife s money he would never be a mayor 22 If it hadn t been for the doctor s care I should not be speaking to you now 23 If it had not been for you I could not have worked out the problem C or or else otherwise 1 I didn t catch the bus otherwise I wouldn t have missed the film 2 I got up too late otherwise I wouldn t have been late for the meeting 3 She wasn t feeling very well Otherwise she wouldn t have left the meeting so early 4 I was ill that day Otherwise I would have taken part in the parade 游行 5 I am busy now Otherwise I would help you 6 He can t have written to me otherwise I would have got his letter by now 7 He told me of your arrival or I would have known nothing about it 8 The soldier fled away or he would have been killed 9 I didn t know that he was a liar or else I wouldn t have believed him D 通过上下文推断 没有引导词 真正的含蓄 1 Born in better times he would have been a scholar 学者 2 I would do so in your position 3 Given more time we would do it better 4 Unless you had done it earlier you would have failed 2 7 suppose that supposing that provided that assuming that on condition that given that 1 Suppose supposing that there were no gravity objects would not fall to ground when dropped If there were no gravity objects would not fall to ground when dropped 2 Supposing you couldn t write what would you do 3 Children were permitted into the hall for the film provided that they did not make any trouble 4 The guards allow the tourists to go into the woods on condition that they should do no harm to the animals on condition that only if 它所引导从句的谓语动词的语气可陈述 可虚拟 但均表示一个真实条件 5 Given that he doesn t agree to do it we shall do it alone given that表示一个真实条件 其从句谓语动词用陈述语气 3 宾语从句的虚拟语气 3 1 wish wish that had done 表示对过去已发事情的虚拟 wish that did were 表示对现在正发事情的虚拟 wish that were to should could might would do 表示对将来要发事情的虚拟 1 I wish I were a bird 2 The ugly girl wishes she were better looking 3 Sometimes I wish I were living in a different time and a different place 4 How I wish every family had a large house with a beautiful garden 5 I have never been to New York but how I wish I had 6 I wish I could fly to the moon in a spaceship one day 7 How we wish we could have a rest tomorrow 8 I wish I could stand on a busy street corner hat in hand and beg people to throw me all their wasted hours 我希望自己站在熙熙攘攘的大街上 手里拿着帽子 乞求人们把废弃的时光扔给我 9 I wish I had never met him 10 I wish you hadn t spent so much money 3 2 would rather that 本结构从句是一般过去时时 表示一个对现在或将来的愿望 是过去完成时时 表示对过去已发事件的一种妄想 表明说话者宁愿某人做或没有做某事 实际上却恰恰相反 具有相同用法的结构还有would sooner would as soon would just as soon 它们可替换would rather 1 I would rather you were home now 2 I d sooner you painted the wall green next time 3 I would rather you had been there with me 实际上不是你 是别人 4 I d rather you had more health than wealth 5 I d rather you hadn t done that 实际上已做 6 I would rather that I had stayed at home yesterday 实际上并没有 7 I would just as soon that John hadn t spoken rudely to me 8 I d rather you had told me the truth 9 I d rather everyting hadn t happened between us 试比较 1 would rather后接动词原形 表示对现在或将来某种行为的一种主观愿望或选择 为陈述语气 1 I would rather stay at home than go to the cinema 2 The brave soldiers would tather die than surrender to the enemy 3 I d rather not go to the cinema tonight 2 would rather后接不定式完成时表示对已发生事件的后悔 4 I d rather not have told her the news She is such a gossip 5 The film was terrible I d rather not have gone to the cinema last night 6 Did you blame him for his mistakes Yes but I d rather not have done it 3 3 表示愿望 建议 请求 命令等含义的动词 3 3 1 这类动词的宾语从句的谓语形式为should 动词原形 should可以省略 但引导词that通常不省略 常用的这类动词有 advise忠告 建议 ask要求 command命令 decide决定 demand要求 desire希望 可望 determine决定 insist坚持 order命令 prefer宁愿 promise允诺 propose提议 recommend推荐 劝告 request要求 require要求 suggest建议 3 3 2 巧记宾从用虚拟语气的动词 方法一 一坚二命三建四要 一坚持 insist 二命令 order command 三建议 suggest advise recommend 四要求 require request demand desire 方法二 DISCO 迪斯科 D demand I insist S suggest C command O order 方法三 I drop caps I insist D demand desire R require request recommend O order P propose C command A advise P prefer S suggest 3 3 3 例句 1 The driver demanded that all the passengers show their tickets to him 2 The officer ordered that his troops move on to the front 3 The commander commanded that we attack at once 4 In the past men generally preferred that their wives work in the home 5 I prefer that you not eat that much 6 I propose that Mr Li be the chairman 7 I recommended that you should reduce your expenditure 8 He asks that he be given an opportunity to try this method 9 I asked that I be allowed to see her 10 He insisted that a doctor be sent for at once 11 Our teacher insisted that we not play computer games at school 12 Who do you suggest be sent to work there 13 We suggest that he give less money to his child 14 Mr Wang suggested that I take enough sleep before the final examination 15 He determined that she set off at once 16 She advised that we keep the door locked 17 They require that visitors not smoke in the workshop 18 Mr Wang required that all the students be polite to others 注 以上各例句宾语从句中谓语动词前统统省略了should 3 3 4 suggest与insist之例外 suggest作 建议 解时用虚拟语气 作 表明 解时用陈述语气 insist作 坚持 解时用虚拟语气 作 坚持认为 坚持说 解时用陈述语气 1 The smile on my mother s face suggested that she was delighted with my examination result 非虚拟 2 His yawns suggested that he was sleepy 非虚拟 3 All these facts suggest that he is innocent 非虚拟 4 Jane s pale face suggested that she was ill and his parents suggested that she have a medical examination 前实后虚 5 He insisted that he had done right 非虚拟 6 He insisted that he was not involved in the case 非虚拟 7 He insisted that he had not been late that morning 非虚拟 8 He insisted that what he said was true and we insisted that he go and have a look 前实后虚 9 The aged man insisted that he wasn t ill and shouldn t be sent to the hospital 4 主语从句的虚拟语气 基本结构 It be seem 表示愿望 建议 命令 要求 意志 惊讶 不满 遗憾等意义的 形容词 过去分词 名词 that 主语 should 动词原形 在本结构中it是形式主语 真正的主语是后面的that从句 从句中谓语动词的形式为should do should 可以省略 4 1 It is adj that should do 常用的此类形容词有 advisable明智的 amazing令人吃惊的 disappointing令人失望的 embarrassing令人尴尬的 essential重要的 important重要的 incredible令人难以置信的 natural自然的 necessary 必需的 不可缺少的 strange奇怪的 surprising令人惊讶的 vital 至关重要的 urgent紧急的 astonishing 令人惊讶的 imperative 势在必行的 1 It is natural that he object to a plan like that 2 It is necessary that we tell him the truth at once 3 It is not necessary that everyone be a scientist 4 It is essential that every child be given the same educational opportunities 5 It is urgent that a doctor should be sent for immediately 6 It is advisable that everyone have a map 7 It is vital that the headmaster receive this letter this evening 8 It is important that you should thank those who supported you through the disappointments 重要的是 你应该感谢那些在你失意时给予你支持的人 9 It is really strange that the girl be married so early 真奇怪 那小姑娘竟然这么早就出嫁了 10 It is amazing that he should have learnt so much in such a short time 11 It is strange that he have left without saying good bye 12 It is surprising that he should be so foolish as to believe her lie 13 It was astonishing that she have kept the secret from him all through their lifetime 14 It seems incredible that he have finished the work so soon 他竟然这么快就完成了工作 这似乎令人难以置信 注意 a 在It is amazing surprising astonishing strange incrediable a pity a shame that 结构中 that虚拟从句表示说话人的惊讶 懊悔 失望等强烈的情感 含有 竟然 居然 的意思 表明所发生的事情非常出人意料 如上面例句9 14 再如 15 It s a pity that he should miss the lecture 真遗憾 他竟然错过了这次演讲 16 It s a pity that he should turn down my offer 真遗憾 他竟然拒绝了我的提议 17 It is a shame that she should behave like that 她竟然表现的那么差劲 真丢人 b 本结构还可形变为It is of 上述形容词相对应的名词形式 that should do 如 18 It is of utmost importance that you be here on time 4 2 It is 过去分词 that should do 常见的此类过去分词有 suggested ordered desired proposed decided recommended requested required demanded 1 It is suggested that more trees should be planted to prevent sandatorms 2 It is required that the students wear school uniforms at school 3 It is decided that no smoking be allowed in the library 4 It is demanded that one of the students should stay to look after the things 5 It is proposed that this matter be considered at the next meeting 6 It is recommended that the work shouldn t be started until all the preparations have been made 5 表语从句的虚拟语气 基本结构 表示提议 建议 命令 要求的 名词 be that 主语 should 动词原形 常见的此类名词有 advice decision demand idea order plan recommendation proposal request suggestion pity desire wish requirement 1 My suggestion is that we should try our best to help the refugees of the earthquakes 2 The commander s order was that soliders set out at once 3 Our idea is that the match be put off 4 Our decision is that the school remain closed 5 The doctor s advice was that you give up smoking 6 His propoal is that the matter be discussed at the next meeting 7 Our wish is that he should do what he pleases 8 My desire is that all the members of the family gather once a year 6 同位语从句的虚拟语气 基本结构 表示提议 建议 命令 要求的 名词 that 主语 should 动词原形 常见的此类名词有 advice decision demand idea order plan recommendation proposal request suggestion pity desire wish requirement 1 The people expressed their desire that the war come to an end as soon as possible 2 What do you think of my suggestion that we send a few workers to help the othe groups 3 I agreed to the idea that a doctor be sent for 4 Mr Wang s advice that we should go over our plan once more is reasonable 5 I am all for the proposal that a special group be set up to look into the matter 6 It is my desire that all the members of the family gather once a year 7 定语从句的虚拟语气 基本结构 a It is high about time that 主语 动词过去式 b It is high about time that 主语 should do 注意 should不能省略 that可以省略 本结构表示 目前该做却还没有做的事 该事早就该做了 时间已经有些晚了 1 It is high time that we were off 2 It is time that someone taught you to behave yourself 3 It s about time that we should put an end to this controversy 争论 正义 4 It is high time that we should prepare for the final 5 It about time we should consider what to do next 6 It s time we set to work set为过去式 7 It s time we started set off set out left 8 It s time we found somewhere to eat 注 句型It s time to do sth It s time for sb to do sth It s time for sth 表示 该做某事了 是做某事的时候了 没有 目前该做却还没有做的事 的含义 8 其它类虚拟语气 8 1 as if though 属于时态型虚拟语气 其动词结构与wish之后的虚拟语气相同 过去 had done 现在 did be用were 将来 were to should could might would do 1 She speaks English very fluently as though she were born in England 实际上不是 2 The man talked too much as though he were drunk 实际上说话人认为他并未喝醉 3 He talked as if he had taken part in the Long March 4 He operated the machine as if he were a skilled worker 5 I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday 6 It would be an excellent rule to live each day as if we should die tomorrow 注 以上例句1 6 as if though 引导的是方式状语从句 但如果主句的动词是系动词be feel look seem sound appear等时 as if though 引导的便是表语从句了 如下列例句7 11 7 Mary felt as though Mr Wang were her father 8 When a pencil is partly in a glass of water it looks as if it were broken 9 He appeared as if he had known nothing about it 他看上去对此一无所知 10 I feel as if we had known each other for ages 注意 as if though之后即可接虚拟语气 又可接陈述语气 试比较 11 It looks as i