写作训练明确句子八大成分 (1).doc

第一步先求稳，但求无过(用时2周)第一周明确句子八大成分句子由各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫做句子成分。句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语和同位语等。一、主语主语是句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是谁或什么。更确切地说，主语是说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。主语通常由名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句等充当。These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing serious harm to life and the environment.(2013安徽高考书面表达)最近，违反交通规则和乱丢垃圾已是司空见惯，给人们的生活和环境都带来了严重的危害。(动名词作主语)即时演练根据括号内的提示完成句子1掌握一门外语对我们的生活非常有帮助。(动名词作主语)Mastering_a_foreign_language will be of great help in our life.2使我印象最深的是他们都经过了专业培训。(主语从句)What_impressed_me_most was that they had had professional training. 二、谓语谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征。谓语只能由动词(短语)充当，有人称、数和时态的变化。I am delighted to know that a famous art exhibition will be organized by the Shanghai Museum and opinions of the public are being collected as to selecting the location for the exhibition, which encourages me to write to express my ideas.(2013上海高考书面表达)我非常高兴地得知，上海博物馆将组织一个著名的艺术展览，对于展览的地点正在向公众征求意见，这鼓励我写信来表达我的观点。即时演练根据括号内的提示完成句子1他早上七点起床时，脑海里突然有了个大计划。(动词短语作谓语)When he got_up at 7：00 am, a big plan occurred_to him.2他们会沉迷于电脑游戏，这会对他们的学习有不良影响。(动词短语作谓语)They may_be_addicted_to computer games, which will_have_a_bad_effect_on their studies.三、宾语宾语是动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词的后面。可以用作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语和从句等。On the other hand, I will organize some interclass and interschool English communication and competition with the students from other universities to help us students enhance our ability.(2013天津高考书面表达)另一方面，我会组织一些班级之间、学校之间的交流以及与其他学校的学生的竞赛来帮助我们学生提高自己的能力。(名词作宾语)即时演练根据括号内的提示完成句子1他突然想在启程之前再看看这座城市的美景。(动名词作宾语)Suddenly he thought of seeing_the_beautiful_views_of_the_city_again before setting out.2首先，我认为一个人在国外多交朋友是非常重要的。(不定式作宾语，而it作形式宾语)First of all, I think it very important to_make_more_friends_abroad.四、定语定语是用来描述名词或代词的品质与特征的修饰语，它常和名词构成名词短语。可以用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。In reality, different students have different learning habits, which I think influence their learning efficiency greatly.(2013四川高考书面表达)实际上，不同的学生有不同的学习习惯，我认为这会极大地影响他们的学习效率。(定语从句)即时演练根据括号内的提示完成句子1为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地找听英语的机会。(不定式作定语)To learn English well, we should find opportunities to_hear_English_spoken_as_much_as