文化类口译素材.doc

1.说起中餐，人们都知道中餐烹饪以其“色、香、味、形”俱全而著称于世。中国悠久的历史、广袤的疆土、好客的习俗，这些都孕育了中餐烹饪的独特艺术。中餐烹饪讲究原料的选配、食物的质地、佐料的调制、切菜的刀工、适时的烹调，以及装盘艺术。最负盛名的中餐菜系有南方的粤菜、北方的鲁菜、东部的淮扬菜和西部的川菜，素有“南淡北咸，东甜西辣”之特点.In terms of Chinese food, it is popularly recognized that Chinese cuisine is world-famous for its perfect combination of “color, aroma, taste and appearance”. Chinas unique culinary art owes itself to the countrys long history, vast territory and hospitable tradition. Chinese cuisine gives emphasis to the selection of raw materials, the texture of food, the blending of seasonings slicing techniques, the perfect timing of cooking and the art of laying out the food on the plate, among the best-known schools of Chinese culinary tradition are the Cantonese cuisine of the south, the Shandong cuisine of the north, the Huai-Yang cuisine of the east and the Sichuan cuisine of the west. These four major varieties of Chinese food have been traditionally noted as the light flavor of the south, the salty flavor of the north, the sweet flavor of the east and the spicy-hot flavor of the west.2.中国国际旅行社为各位安排了富有中国民族文化特色的有趣的旅游线路。各位将要游览举世闻名的景点和名胜，参观雄伟的古建筑群，观赏珍贵的中国文物。你们还将有机会欣赏中国戏剧和杂技表演，赔偿纯真的中国烹调和地方风味小吃。我国人民传统的热情和好客将使各位的访问愉快而又难忘。China International Travel Service is offering you an interesting tour program that is characteristic of Chinese national culture. You will visit world-famous scenic spots, historical sites and magnificent ancient architectural complexes, and appreciate precious cultural relics. You will also have opportunities to enjoy Chinese operas and acrobatic shows, and taste authentic Chinese food and local delicacies. The traditional warmth and hospitality with which the Chinese people entertain their guests will make your visit a pleasant and memorable experience.在各位做出选择之前，我想谈一下本旅行社有关团体旅游的报价问题。首先，参加团体旅游的个人其报价均含交通费、住宿费、膳食费、观光费、导游服务费以及双程国际机票。Before you make a decision on our tour, Id like to make some remarks about the quotation policies regarding the group tours with this travel agency. First, and individuals quotation for each group tour includes the cost of transportation, accommodation, meals, sightseeing, tour-guide service and round-trip international airplane tickets.其次，每位成人游客可以携带一名年龄在12岁以下儿童，以半价收费。最后，如果发生某些不可预见的、使旅游无法正常进行的情况，本旅行社则保留修改原定计划的权利，包括全额退费。Next, each adult can take a child under the age of twelve, whose quotation is calculated on a half-price basis. And finally, we reserve the right to make changes to the set itinerary should we encounter any unforeseeable circumstances which would prevent us from otherwise normal operations, including a full refund.第三篇 文化交流现代化的交通、电信与大众传媒手段使世界越来越小，国际社会如同一个地球村，居住在地球村里的各国人民在文化交流和冲撞中和睦相处、彼此尊重、共求发展。Modern means of transportation, telecommunication and mass media have shortened the geographical distance of the world. The international community appears to be no more than a global village, in which peoples of all nations experience the inevitable cultural exchanges and clashes, while seeking common development in a harmonious and respectful relationship.我赞同这种的看法：当代社会的民族文化不可能在自我封闭的状态下得到发展。在我看来，不同的文化应该相互学习，取长补短。当然，在广泛的文化交流中，一个民族的文化必须保持本民族的鲜明特色。我认为，文化交流不是让外来文化吞没自己的文化，而是为了丰富各民族的文化。Im with the view that in this modern world, the culture of any nation cannot develop in isolation. And I believe that different cultures should learn from each others strengths to offset their own weaknesses. Of course, the culture of a nation must withhold its own distinctive national characteristics in its extensive exchange with other cultures. Cultural exchange, I think, is by no means a process of losing ones own culture to a foreign culture, but a process of enriching each others national curltures4.Chinese New Year is the most important festival for Chinese people all over the world. It is also called the Spring Festival or the Lunar New Year.The exact date of the Spring Festival on the Western calendar changes from year to year. However, Chinese New Year takes place between January 1 and February 19.On the Chinese calendar every year has an animals name. These animals are the rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, ram, monkey, rooster, dog and pig. A Chinese legend says that these twelve animals had a race. The first year was named after the rat, the winner. The other eleven years were named according to the order in which the animals arrived in the race. The clever rat jumped onto the oxs back, and then at the end jumped over the oxs head to arrive first!The Chinese believe that a person born in a particular year has some of the characteristics of that animal.lunar 月(亮)的 exact 确切的 calendar 日历 rat 鼠 ox 公 牛 rabbit 兔子ram 公羊 rooster 公鸡 legend 传说 name after 按.命名particular 特殊的 characteristic 特征春 节对于全世界的华人来说，中国的新年是最重要的节日。人们也称它为春节或农历新年。 公历春节的确切日期每年都在变化。但是春节一般都在 1 月 1 日 到 2 月 19 日 之间。 在农历中，每年都有一个生肖。这些生肖是鼠、牛、虎、兔、龙、蛇、马、羊、猴、鸡、狗和猪。据传说，这十二个动物举行了一次赛跑，第一年就以获胜者鼠命名，其他十一年就根据动物们到达终点的顺序命名。聪明的鼠跳在牛背上，在最后时刻跳过牛的头顶第一个到达终点！中国人相信在某一年出生的人具有这一年生肖的一些特征5. English in the WorldSome people say that the English language no longer belongs to the English,and it belongs to the world. It is estimated that the number of people who useEnglish exceeds 750 million. Among these, about 350 million are nativespeakers, while the rest use it as an official language. If we add to thisnumber the people who have acquired the language to some extent, the total isclose to one billion.English plays an increasingly important role in the world as a medium forconducting international business and diplomacy, as well as in science andmedicine, the Internet, air and sea communications, international sportsevents, radio and TV programs, pop songs and movies.estimate 估计exceed 超过native 本族的，本国的official 官方的acquire 掌握to some extent 达到某种程度billion 千万increasingly 越来越多地medium 工具，手段conduct 实行，执行international 国际的diplomacy 外交medicine 医药communication 通信event 事件世界上的英语有人说英语已不再属于英国人了，它属于全世界。据估计，使用英语的人超过七亿五千万，其中大约有三亿五千万是以英语为母语的人，而其余的人将英语作为官方语言使用。如果我们再加上已经掌握英语到一定程度的人，这个总数将接近十亿。英语，作为进行国际业务和外交的工具，在世界上起着越来越重要的作用。它还在科学、医药、互联网、空中及海洋通信、国际体育赛事、电台电视节目、流行歌曲及电影中发挥着越来越重要的作用6. A FriendWhen you read an English book, you often come across new words. You might tryto guess what the words mean from the words you know, but when you cannotguess the meanings of new words at all, what should you do?You have a good friend then. From him you can learn what a word means, how topronounce a word, how to use a word, and so on. This friend can always be withyou, and you can always ask him to help you. Do you know who this friend is?It is a dictionary. You can learn some important things about words from it,so you must know how to use e across 碰到guess 猜测朋 友当你读英语书时，你经常会碰到新单词。你可能试着从你知道的词中猜这些词的意思，但是当你无法猜出这些词的意思时，你该怎么办呢？这时你有一个好朋友。从他那里你可以学到单词的意思、发音及用法等。这个朋友可以经常伴你左右，你可以经常请他帮忙。你知道这个朋友是谁吗？他就是字典。你可以从他那里学习有关词汇的众多重要知识，所以你必须学会如何使用字典7. Body LanguageIf you can speak English, you know a lot of English words. You can read, speakand understand. But there is another kind of language you need to know thelanguage of the body.All over the world, people talk?with their hands, with their heads, and withtheir eyes. When Japanese people meet, they bow. When Indians meet, they puttheir hands together.When British and American people meet someone for the first time, they shakehands. They do not usually shake hands with people they know well. Womensometimes kiss their women friends, and men kiss women friends (on the cheekonly). When a man meets a man friend, he just smiles, and says Hello? Men donot kiss each other, or hold hands. Even fathers and sons do not often kisseach other.身 体 语 言即使你会说英语，你知道很多英文单词，你会读，会说，能听懂，但还有另外一种语言你需要了解那就是身体语言。在全世界，人们都用他们的手、头和眼睛“说话”。当日本人见面时，他们相互鞠躬。印度人见面时他们双手合十。当英国人和美国人第一次和别人见面时，他们互相握手。通常，他们不和熟悉的人握手。女人有时亲吻她们的女性朋友，男人也会亲吻女性朋友（只亲脸颊）。当男人见到男性朋友时，他只微笑着说声“你好”。男人之间不会互相亲吻或牵手。即使是父子之间也不会经常亲吻对方。.8.In China, there are many different kinds of food. Some of them are verypopular. Dumplings are real Chinese food.Everyone in China likes dumplings very much, and there are many differentkinds of dumplings. Some have meat and vegetables in them and others havesugar, eggs and other tasty things. I like dumplings with vegetables and porkbetter than any other kind.Usually people make dumplings at home. If you have no time to make them, youcan buy them in supermarkets. Then you take them home, heat them up and eatthem with vinegar.The Spring Festival is very important in China. During the Spring Festival, wemake dumplings. Usually we put a coin in one dumpling. If you eat the dumplingwith the coin in it, you will be very lucky in the year.tasty 好吃的pork 猪肉vinegar 醋饺子在中国，有许多不同的食物，其中一些非常受欢迎。饺子是正宗的中国食物。在中国每个人都很喜欢吃饺子。饺子有许多不同的种类。一些饺子包有肉和蔬菜，有些包有糖、蛋和其他好吃的东西。我最喜欢蔬菜和猪肉馅的饺子。人们经常在家包饺子。如果没有时间包，你可以到超市去买，然后把它们带回家，烧熟，蘸着醋吃。春节是中国非常重要的节日。在春节里我们包饺子。我们经常把一枚硬币放在一个饺子里。如果你吃到了包有硬币的饺子，那你在来年就有好运气9.What makes me angry? Mostly, I hate when someone tries to make someone elsefeel bad. I have to admit that once, when I was really angry, I actuallycalled names. I regretted doing this afterwards, but not full heartedlybecause I think I was provoked in that situation.The most positive way of dealing with anger is talking about the problem. Italk to someone who listens, or Ill write my thoughts down on paper. Learninghow to deal with anger as youre growing up is so important. When youreyounger, you might yell, or cry when youre angry, but as you get older,youre expected to handle your emotions much better.Learning to control your emotion now will prevent you from doing somethingthat youll regret later on in life!emotion 情绪manage 控制，操纵，管理admit 承认full heartedly 全心全意地provoke 激怒prevent 预防，防止控制你的情绪什么事会让我愤怒呢？通常情况下，当有人试图使别人觉得不舒服时，我会非常愤怒。我不得不承认，有一次，在我实在很生气的时候，我确实骂了人。过后，我很后悔那么做，但我不认为全是我的错，因为我觉得在那种情况下，我是被激怒了。解决愤怒的最积极的方法是把问题说出来。我说给愿意听的人，或者把我的想法写在纸上。在你成长的过程中，学会处理愤怒是非常重要的。小时候，你生气的时候可以大喊大叫或者哭闹，但长大后，你被期望能更好地控制情绪。现在就学着控制情绪能让你避免做一些可能使你以后遗憾一生的事情。10. Celebration of Chinese New YearCelebrations of the Chinese New Year in Chinese families last for about two weeks. The celebrations begin with traditional house cleaning. The Chinese get rid of old and useless things. They do this to throw away the misfortunes of the past year.On Chinese New Years Eve all family members enjoy a big, delicious meal. It is very important for the Chinese to be with their families on this occasion. Fish is always part of the dinner because it represents abundance.On New Years Day all Chinese children wear new clothes with bright colours. Red is considered a lucky colour. Parents and relatives give children the traditional New Years gift called lucky money This money is put into bright red and gold envelopes.celebration 庆祝，庆典 misfortune 不幸，灾祸 delicious 美味的occasion 场合，时机 represent 象征 abundance 丰富，充裕庆 祝 春 节中国家庭的春节庆祝活动持续大约两个星期。庆祝从传统的家庭大扫除开始。中国人扔掉旧的没用的东西。这么做是为了扔掉去年的晦气。在中国的除夕之夜，所有家庭成员一起享用美味的大餐。这个时候和家人呆在一起，对中国人来说是非常重要的。鱼总是晚餐必不可少的，因为鱼象征着年年有余。大年初一，孩子们都穿上颜色鲜艳的新衣服。红色被认为是幸运的颜色。父母和亲戚都给孩子们传统的新年礼物，叫做“压岁钱”。这些钱被装在印有金字的红色信封里。11.Spoken LanguagesThe human mouth has three major functions Two of them eating and breathing are shared by members of the animal kingdom The third function speaking is one of the principal features which distinguish human beings from the rest of living creaturesAlthough primitive man must have had a spoken language， social scientists have no evidence of written language before the appearance of written records in ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt 5-6 thousand years ago Present-day linguists can identify over 1500 spoken languagesChinese is the biggest language， spoken by more than a billion people After Chinese， English is the most widely spoken first language， and has become the language of choice in international communicationEnglish has not always been the international language Two hundred years ago French was the dominant languageIn ancient times， Arabic，Greek and Latin were international languages at different points in timeMany people in history tried to create a common universal language for all peoples of the world The most successful of such effort to date was Esperanto which was spoken by about 750，000 people at one time in the mid-20th century However， such universal languages always fail in the end because of lack of a cultural foundationprincipal 主要的distinguish ? 区分primitive ? 原始的Mesopotamia 美索不达米亚linguist 语言学家identify ? 认清，辨认dominant 占统治地位的，占优势的universal 通用的foundation ? 基础口语人的嘴有三种主要功能。其中的两项吃和呼吸，和动物王国的成员一样。第三项说话，这是人类区别于其他生物的主要特征。虽然原始人一定有口头语言，但是社会科学家没有证据证明在5到6千年前古美索不达米亚和埃及出现文字记录前人类就有文字了。如今的语言学家可以辨认1 500多种口语。中文是最大的语言，有10亿多人说中文。紧随之后的是英语，它是使用最广泛的第一语言，也已经成为了国际交流中人们选择的语言。英语并不一直是国际语言。两百年前法语是占统治地位的语言。在古代，阿拉伯语、希腊语和拉丁语是不同时期的国际语言。历史上有许多人试图为世界各地的民族创造一种普遍通用的语言。迄今为止，此类努力中最成功的是世界语，在20世纪中叶曾一度有大约75万人使用它，但是这样的通用语言因为缺乏文化基础，最终都以失败告终。 12. Family LifeBritish and American families are small. In fact, the populations of both Britain and the USA have stopped growing. The typical family has a father, mother and two children. Grandparents come to visit, but do not usually live with their children.Most people get married between the ages of 20 and 25, but many marriages end in divorce. This means that in both countries there are a large number of single parent families, one father or mother looking after their children alone.The typical British family has a car, a colour TV set, a washing machine, and a cat or dog as well. They start the day at about 7 oclock, have breakfast at 8, and are off to work by 8:30. Most women now go out to work as well as men. The children have lunch at school at about 12:30, and come home at 4 in the afternoon. Their parents are usually home by 6 oclock, and the family eats together. After the dinner the father may go to the pub for a drink, or stay at home and watch TV with the others. Children go to bed early, at about 8 oclock, two or three hours before their parents.The typical American family has more money than a British family. Many have two or three cars, large modern kitchens and more electrical goods. They eat more meat and spend more on clothes, but their daily program is nearly the same. Like British children, American children eat lunch at school, come home mid-afternoon, and go to bed earlier than their parents.家庭生活英美两国的家庭规模都不大。事实上，英美两国的人口已经停止增长。一个典型的家庭有父亲、母亲和两个孩子。祖父母会到自己孩子家中逗留做客，但通常不会和他们长期住在一起。大多数人在二十岁到二十五岁之间结婚，但很多婚姻以离婚收场。这意味着两国有大量的“单亲家庭”，父亲或母亲单独抚养孩子。典型的英国家庭有一辆车、一台彩电、一台洗衣机，还有一只猫或狗。他们早晨七点起床，八点吃早饭，八点半前离家外出工作。如今大多数妇女和男人一样出去工作。孩子十二点半在校吃中饭，下午四点回家。父母通常晚上六点到家，然后一家人一起吃晚饭。饭后，父亲或到酒吧喝酒，或在家和家人一起看电视。孩子们睡得早，大约八点就休息了，比父母早两到三个小时。典型的美国家庭比英国家庭有钱，他们大多有两到三部车，有宽敞的现代化厨房和更多的电器。美国家庭虽然比英国家庭吃肉多，在穿衣上花钱多，但两国家庭的日常生活几乎是相同的。和英国孩子一样，美国孩子在学校吃午饭，下午三四点回家，早于父母上床睡觉。 13. Fast FoodEveryone is always in a hurry these days. No one has time to sit and enjoy a meal with a friend. People want to eat now and they want to eat fast. The fast food industry tries to give them what they want, when they want it. Its an industry thats getting bigger all the time.The big names in American fast food are now well known all over the world. McDonalds, Kentucky Fried Chicken and Burger King sell pizzas, chips, hot dogs, hamburgers and fried chicken from Los Angeles to London and Tokyo to Turin.These multi-million dollar companies work hard to get more customers. Colourful lights and TV advertisements are not enough. The waitresses wear special uniforms. There are lots of big mirrors and bright colours. Many of the fast food restaurants have special offers for families, and do their best to attract children. Some even organize childrens birthday parties. For busy mothers with no ideas and plenty of money, a birthday party at McDonalds can save a lot of time and trouble.But you cant eat fast food all the time. Doctors say chips make you fat, and dentists say coca cola spoils your teeth. Its the old, old story everything thats nice is bad for you!快餐 时下人们总是匆匆忙忙。没人有空坐下来和朋友一起享用一餐。人们想要马上就吃并且要吃得快。快餐业尽量在人们需要时给他们提供想吃的食物。快餐业是一个一直在不断增长的行业。 美国快餐业的巨头现在全球闻名。从洛杉矶到伦敦，从东京到都灵，都有麦当劳、肯德基和汉堡王出售匹萨饼、薯条、热狗、三明治和炸鸡块。 这些拥有上亿美元资产的公司努力吸引更多的顾客。仅有多彩的霓虹和有趣的电视广告还不够，女招待需穿着特别的制服，还有许多大大的镜子和明亮的色彩。许多快餐馆推出了面向家庭的特别服务，并竭尽全力吸引儿童。有些甚至为孩子组织生日聚会。对没时间、没创意但有大把钱的母亲来说，在麦当劳过生日能节省不少时间和麻烦。不过你不能总吃快餐。医生说薯条会让你发胖，牙医也说可口可乐损坏牙齿。诱人的东西一定有害处！这是古训。 14. American HomesMany young Americans do not live with their families, but in apartment blocks or residential areas where everyone is more or less of the same age.Young people often move away from home when they leave school into shared apartments or smaller apartments. They do their own cooking and cleaning, and go to the family home perhaps for the weekend.Young married couples may move to new suburbs where most people have young families. In the country, some even build their houses themselves.If a familys income goes up, they often move to another suburb, where the houses are bigger, with two or even three garages, a swimming pool, a games room for the children, and everything a family could want.Old people often do not live with their grown up children. Many live in old peoples homes. Some live in special towns, built for old people, where there are no young children and the atmosphere is quiet.Americans are always on the move, and some families change their homes every few years. Every year, 20% of Americans move house. Mr. and Mrs. Schultz could start life in an apartment in New York, go on to a white painted wooden home in New England, with small windows to keep out the cold in winter, and end their life in a sunny house in California, where oranges grow in the garden, and big windows give a wonderful view of the swimming pool and the sea.residential 住宅的，与居住有关的美国家庭很多年轻的美国人不和自己的家人住在一起，而是住在和自己年龄相仿的人聚集的公寓区或住宅区。年轻人离开学校后，就从家里搬到合租的公寓或小一点的公寓。他们自己做饭，打扫房间，可能回