初三英语各单元语法总结.doc

初三英语知识点总结Unit1：by 的用法 by+v-ingUnit2：used to be 是重点 意思是 “过去常常”Unit3：被动语态 sb should be allowed to do sth “某人应该被允许做某事Unit4：虚拟语气 If i were ，i would Unit5：sth belong to sb 某物属于某人Unit6：定语从句Unit7：would,hope to表达愿望Unit8：重点是动词短语，如put off+v-ing , work as.Unit9：被动语态 本单元重点单词：invent，be invented ，inventorUnit10：过去完成时 标志性词语：by the time,by the end of Unit11：宾语从句，注意从句的语序和先行词Unit12：be supposed to 句型Unit13:make sb do sth ,make sb adjUnit14：现在完成时：have done结构Unit15：动词的时态 Unit 1 by 的用法 1. By:通过.方式（途径）。例：I learn English by listening to tapes.在.旁边。例：by the window/the door乘坐交通工具例：by bus/car在之前，到为止。例：by October在10月前被例：English is spoken by many people.2.常见的系动词有：是：am、is、are保持：keep、stay转变：become、get、turn起来feel、look、smell、taste、soundUnit2：used to be 是重点 意思是 “过去常常”1.used to过去常常做某事,暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态.后跟动词原形.used to do sth.2. 反意疑问句:陈述部分的主语为this,that,疑问部分主语用it;陈述部分主语用these,those,疑问部分用they做主语.例:This is a new story, isnt it?陈述部分是there be结构,疑问部分仍用there例:There was a man named Paul, wasntthere?I am后的疑问句,用arent I例:I am in Class2, arentI?陈述部分与含有not,no,never,few,little,hardly,seldom,neither,none等词时,疑问部分用肯定.例:Few people liked this movie, didnt they?Unit 3 重点：被动语态1被动语态的构成：由“助动词或be 及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。2.allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事（主动语态）如： Mother allows me to watch TV every night. 妈妈允许我每晚看电视。 be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事（被动语态）如： Lily is allowed to go to Qinzhou. 莉莉被允许去钦州。3. 倒装句: 由so助动词(be/do/will/have)/情态动词主语 意为：也是一样 She is a student. So am I. 她是一个学生，我也是。 She went to school just now. So did I . 她刚才去学校了，我也是Unit 4重点短语1. consider as 认为；把看做 2. hope to do sth希望做某事 3. some day 有一天 4. provide sth for sb. / provide sb with sth提供某物给某人 5. go on 继续 6. all kinds of 各种各样的；许多种类的 语法Would like 用法 想要做想要：常用的句型有： 你想要做什么？Where would you like to visit/ go? 你想去哪呢？(本单元的重点句型)Unit 5现在完成时态由have/ has 过去分词表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果常与already, just , yet , ever, never 连用表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作 或状态和表示过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状态连用如：（for + 时间段，since + 时间点，或过去某一动作， 以及how long ） 注： 非延续性动词在现在完成 时态中不能和for, since 引导的表示一段时间的状语的肯定句连用。 应转为相应的延续性动词 如：buy- have die- be dead join - be in have (has) been to + 地点去过某地已经回来have (has) gone to + 地点去了某地没有回来Unit6 重点：定语从句1. 定语从句：定义，先行词定义，分类，关系词分类，关系代词五个的区分，关系副词三个的区分，只能用that的六种情况，只能用which的三种情况;2.prefer sth 更喜欢做某事 prefer doing sth to doing sth 比起做某事更喜欢做某事 prefer for to do sth 宁愿做某事prefer sth to sth prefer to do rather than (to)宁愿.而不愿3.remind sb of sth/sb 使某人想起某物或某人 remind sb to do sth提醒某人做某事Unit71.would like +n/pron想要; would like to do sth想要做某事; would like sb to do sth 想让某人做某事would you like? 表向对方提出有礼貌的请求“你想要吗？”2. had better to do sth最好做某事11. take a trip去旅行3.go on +v-ing 继续做某事4.on the one hand, on the other hand 一方面，另一方面Unit 81. 动词+介词 如：listen of 听 look at 看 belong to 属于这种结构相当于及物动词，后面跟宾语。如：come up with 提出，想出 run out of 用完，耗尽如：take part in参加 catch hold of 抓住2.give out 分发,分.给某人,放弃give away 赠送 give sb. sth. 给某人某东西 give sth. to sb. 给某人某东西 Unit 9被动语态 本单元重点单词：invent，be invented ，inventor（ ）1. Sam, you hair is too long and it looks dirty. Youd better _ it _.A. have, to cut B. get, cutting C. have, cut D. get, cutted（ ）2. -Your dress is so nice. -Thanks! It _ by my uncle as a birthday present.A. gave B. was given C. has given D. will give（ ）3. The new bridge over the Yuan Shui River_last year.A.built B.was built C.has built D. is built（ ）4 .All the books will _ to the children who live in the small village.A. be sent B. sent C. be send D. send（ ）5.Which language is the most widely _ in the world?A.speaking B.speak C.spoke D. spoken .（ ）6. When _ the car _?A. did, invent B. was, invented C. does, invent D. in, invented （ ）7. Jack _ leave _ his teacher comes back.A. doesnt, until B. /, until C. wont, / D. wont, untilUnit 10 By the time I got outside,the bus had already left.1. 过去完成时2. by the time 直到时候 指从过去某一点到从句所示的时间为止的一段时间 3.leave+地点而不是forget+地点 如：Unluckily, I left my book at homeUnit 11 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?1. 宾语从句2. 问路常用的句子：Can/Could/Will/Would you please tell me sth. 表示十分客气地询问事情Could you tell me how to get to the park?请你告诉我怎么才能去邮局好吗？中的how to get to the park是疑问词与动词不定式连用，用作宾语，但不是宾语从句，可是相当于how I can get to the park（宾语从句）如：Unit 12 Youre supposed to shake hands.1. be supposed to do .应该 如： We are supposed to stop smoking.表示应该的词有：should, ought to ,be supposed to2 “should have asked”是“情态动词现在完成时”表示过去本应该做某事，事实上没有做如：She should have gone to Beijing. 她本应该去了北京。（没有去）3. get/be used to sth. 习惯于get/be used to doing 习惯于be used to do 被用于做be used for doing 被用于做used to do 过去常常做 如：I wash clothes everyday. But Im used to it.我每天都洗衣服，但我习惯了Unit 13 Rainy days make me sad1. 使役动词：有些动词例如：make,have,let,get,keep等常用来表示让使强制，这些动词被称为使役动词。2. make的用法：（1）make+宾+adj：使.感到（处于）.使某人或某事变得Eg:Soccer makes him excited.足球使他感到兴奋。（2）make+宾+n：使成为. Eg:If anyone came to set me free,I would make him king over the earth.如果有人放我出去，我会使他成为统治地球的君王。（3）make+宾+不带to 的不定式：使做某事。注：转为被动语态时要变成带的不定式。Eg:Sad music makes me want to leave.（4）make+宾+现在分词：使某人或某事一直在.Eg:He makes the boy standing all the time.他使这个男孩一直在站着。Unit 14 Have you packed yet?1. 现在完成时：见unit5注： 现在完成时的时间状语： since Monday, until now, for a long time, since last week, up to now, lately, recently等Unit 15 Were trying to save the manatees.1.try to do sth=try ones best to do sth 尽力去做某事 try doing sth 试着做某事 try