《座椅简介》PPT课件.ppt

BasicKnowledgeofSeatSystem Ourgoal ExplainthebasicofseatdesignprocessExplainkeyissuesthatmustbeaddressedduringdesign Giveyoubasicknowledgesoyoucan Concepts ThreeDimensionalReferenceSystemiscoordinatesystemtolocateallcomponentsinavehicleYcoordinatesrepresentthelocationofapointalongthewidthofthevehicleXcoordinatesrepresentthelocationofapointalongthevehiclelengthZcoordinatescommunicateheightofapointAxesdefineplanesofreferencethatdefinegridlines Three DimensionalReferenceSystem PlanesofReference GridLinesandWorkLines FunctionsofSeat SupporttheoccupantSupportismostbasicfunctionPositiontheoccupantExtremelyimportanttovehiclesafetyProximitytocontrolsProvidecomforttotheoccupantFocusisonlong termcomfortProtecttheoccupantPreventtheoccupantfrommovingaboutinadvertently PositionandComfort DriverpositionisdefinedbyseveralmeasuresEyellipserepresentsfieldofvisionEyellipsehelpsdefineseatingreferencepoint orSgRPSgRPbecomesbasisfordefiningdesignH PointDesignandactualH Pointaremeasuredusingtwo andthree dimensionalOscartemplatesandmanikins EyellipseandSgRP H Point MeasuringH Point OscarMachine WorldwideCarProduction InthisLesson wewilldiscuss FactorstoconsiderwhendesigningforaworldwidemarketHowseatdesignisaffectedbythesideofthevehicleonwhichthedriversitsOtherinfluencesondesign SizeofvehiclesCustomerexpectationsCulturaldifferencesRoad trafficandweatherconditions DesigningforaWorldwideMarket DesignforlocalroadconditionsandtheneedsofthepopulationFocusofmarketplacehasbroadenedfromNorthAmericaandEuropetoinclude ChinaSouthAmericaSoutheastAsia Left handDriveCountries Left handDriveCountries2362 8Total Right handDriveCountries Right handDriveCountries2504 9 8Total Left handandRight handDriving OtherEffectsonDesign SomedesignsmayhavearmrestsonlyononesideforthedriverDesignbackframetoacceptarmrestoneithersideAllowstheseattobecomeadriverorpassengerseatdependingonwhichsidearmrestismountedDesignofbolsters mainlyonthecushion mustaddressingress egressconsiderationsIssuesdependonwhichsidethedriverseatismounted WorldwideAutomakerMarketShare CustomerExpectations MostoftheworldpreferssmallvehiclesCostFuelpricesParkingconsiderationsSmallcardriversexpectsameconvenienceandcomfortasinlargervehiclesFrontlegroomFootandleg kneeclearancesPackagingforrearseatoccupants CulturalDifferences InmanyAsiancountries vehicleownerhasachauffeurBsurfaceofthefrontseatbackcan tuseacheaperfabrictosavecostComfortconsiderationsforrearseatbecomemoreimportantTrafficjamsmaystranddriversincarseatsforhoursIncorporatingfeaturestoalleviatediscomfortimprovesmarketability SeatsinSmallVehiclesDoBigThings AsianandJapanesedesignsincorporatemanyfeaturesintoseatsandinteriorsSeatscanbecombinedtomakeabedSeatbackscanbeflippedfromonesidetotheothertomakeaseatfacetheoppositewaySeatscanswiveltoallowcardplayingorothergamesSecondrowseatsnearthedoormayfolduportuckawaytoimproveingress egressStoragespacemaybeaboveandbelowtheseats RoadandTrafficConditions U S designsstayveryclosetofederalguidelines20 safetyfactorEuropeandesignsaddextrastrengthtocarandseatsHigherroadspeedsdictatesafetyfactorof200 to300 MaynotbeappropriateforAsiancountries whereroadspeedsarelower WeatherConditionsVary MostAsiancountrieshaveextremeweatherconditionsFlooding heavyrainanddirt dustarecommonOwnersinstallextracoverstoprotectseatsCertaindesignfeaturesmaynotbedesirableExpensivecovermaterialsHighcontourorstyleHighproductiontolerances SeatSystemPhilosophy DesignForHighVolumeProductionJITManufacturing SeatengineersandSDTmembersmustkeeptwothingsinmind DesignforHighVolumeProduction PhilosophyfordesigndiffersfromverylowvolumeandveryhighvolumesJCI srangeofannualvolumeforanyoneseatdesignisfromaminimumof60 000tonorealmaximumException JCIproducesseatsfortheViperVolumesashighas600 000havebeenrealizedonthesamedesign JITManufacturing JITinfluencesonproductdesigninclude Noinspection fixturesusedasgaugesDesignincorporateserror proofingNomorethan4hoursofinventoryDesignshouldallowassemblyin15 30secondsequencesAlloperationsmustbedesignedtoflowinonedirectionOperationspecificationsshouldhavehighreliabilityandquality InstallingSeatsintotheVehicle SeatmustbedesignedtoaccepthandlingrequiredtoinstallinthevehicleSeatispositionedattherightplaceinthevehicleatrighttimeinassemblyprocessMaybepositionedmanuallyorbyrobotAllpowerconnectionsfortheseatareavailableSeatsystemengineermustknowhowtheseattheseatwillbeinstalled manualorrobot Seatmustaccommodateunexpectedhandlingsituations DesigningforSafety ConsiderthesafetyofeveryoneinvolvedOccupantManufacturing AssemblypersonnelEnd userDocumentationcanbecomeevidenceincourtSafetyisanattitudeDesign innotinspect outlaterinprocessNoseparatetestsfordesigned insafetyAvoids Band Aid productionfixes TypicalSourcesofNoise MetaltometalcontactsBadweldjoints latches pivotpoints springhooks etc FoamtometalcontactsFoamtocovermaterialsLoose bindingpartsinrecliners adjusters latches etc CovertocovermaterialLooseorrattlingheadrestraint MoreTypicalSourcesofNoise Plasticpartstocoverand ormetalLooseboltsInterferencetootherpartsinthevehicleCup holderpartsArmrestpartsinup downpositionSuspensionandlumbarpartsPowertrackmotorsElectro mechanicalnoisesExcessivechuck playinmechanisms SeatTrimOutline STO Drawing 1 4Scaleand1 5ScaleDrawing ComplexityChart DetermineFunctionandUsage PLUSPhase1ProgramDefinitioncapturescustomerrequirementsforfeaturesCompleteBillofMaterialspreparedforproductbeingquotedCustomerinputallowsseatengineertodeterminehowseatisexpectedtofunctionBecomesthebasisforseatdesignSeatsmustmatchvehicleandneedsoftargetedconsumergroup DefiningRequirements QuantifiesfunctionsandusagedecisionsSeatbacktravelAdjusteroperatingforcesCustomerinputsinPhase1documentsSomerequirementsestablishedbasedoninitialanalysisoffunctionofseatsystemDocumentingrequirementscriticalSelectapplicableandappropriaterequirementsWorktomeetfuturerequirements H PointandComfortControl OneoffourfunctionsofseatsystemistoprovidecomforttotheoccupantH Point comfortandappearancearemostimportanttothecustomerMostengineeringeffortsconcentrateontheseitemsAgooddesignisalwaysacompromisebetweenthesedemandsEnterprototypebuildswithsolidEXPECTATIONSofperformanceAnalysisreplaces find and fix SignificanceofH Point H Pointisoneofseveralparametersthatdefinemanikin spositioninseatH Pointisinpartdeterminedby eyellipse FailingtomeetH PointmeansothercontrolsmaynotmeetgovernmentrequirementsAlwaysrememberbalanceandinterplayofH PointComfortAppearance TorsoAngleandASurface TORSOANGLE FrontSeatCushionDesignFactors SeatBackDesignFactors MetalandMechanisms ChoicedictatedbythecustomerVariousoptionsandfeaturescapturedintheprogram scomplexitychartLessonThreediscussedhowtopackagemetalReclinersAdjustersBackandcushionframesThislessondiscussesthefunctionofthesecomponents Frames FramesgiveseatasenseofstabilitySkeletononwhichthefoamandtrimrestFramesarekeystructuralpartsBackframehelpscarryloadintoreclinerCushionframeisnotinloadpathConstructionandmaterialschosentomeetperformancerequirementsDetailsarecoveredinSeatSystemDesignTwo Frames PackagingofframescanbeiterativePackagemustaccommodateframeswithenoughstrengthtomeetrequirementsbutalsomustmeetcomfortandclearances Recliners CriticaltoseatsystemperformanceReclinermustbedesignedtowithstandloadsappliedduringtypicalandatypicaloperationsTransferloadsdirectlytoadjustersandultimatelytovehiclefloorTypesincludesingle sidedanddual sidedManualandautomaticvariantsClassificationsincludelinearandgearedFunctionwasdescribedinIntroductiontoSeats ClassesofRecliners LinearAdapted10yearsagofromtheaircraftindustryContinuousengagementDiscreteengagementRotaryContinuouslyengagedorrotarytypecanbe cranked topositionbackangletodesiredanglePredominantlyEuropeanPawlandsectorreleasesandmovesseatbacktodesiredpositionPredominantlyinNorthAmerica DualSidedRecliner Single sidedvs Dual sided Decidetouseeithersingle sidedordual sidedreclinersduringlayoutandpackagingDual sidedreclinersattachtoeachsideofbackframeSingle sidedreclinershaveasingleswitchandaslavehingeorpivotontheothersideLoadpathisdifferentdependingonreclinerchosenLoadtravelsthroughthereclinerDual sidedreclinerssplitloadequallyonbothsidesSingle sidedreclinerspassloadsonlythroughreclinerside Advantages Reductionofpartcount sincemanycomponentscanbesymmetricalbetweendriverandpassengerseatsBackframeislightersinceloadsareshared Strongtorsionalmemberisnotrequired BackframeiscommonbetweendriverandpassengerseatsFoampadsandeventrimcoversandplasticpanelscanbecommonbetweendriverandpassengerseatsMoretorsionalrigidityisachievedItiseasiertodefendtheOEM spositioninacourtoflawfroma duecare pointofview ManyOEM s especiallytheJapanese havetakenthisposition Disadvantages Costandweightofanextrarecliner althoughpartiallyorwhollyoffsetbythereductioninthebackframecostandweight Alsooffsetbyreductioninnumberofparts PackagingadualsidedframeisoftenmoredifficultSynchronizationofthetworeclinersisdifficultintheassemblyoftheseat Manytimesdualreclinersareweldedtothebackframe Shipmentandtransportationofweldedsub assembliescancreateotherissuesWithtworecliners operatingeffortsgenerallyarehigherFordualrotaryreclinersthereisahigherpotentialforseatjudderorroughnessuponoperation AdjusterSelection CanbechosenafteritisunderstoodhowbackframeloadgetscarriedtoadjusterUsedtoonlyhandleseatloadsMustwithstandmuchmoreloadwithtravelinginboardbuckles TIB JCIisnotresponsibleforseatbeltbuckle butJCIisresponsibleforinterfacesbetweenseatandbeltbuckleStudiesmustbedonetodetermineproperlocationandattachmentmethodtoensureproperfunction AdjusterConstruction AdjusterLatching Mostarelever actuatedLeverislocatedunderthefrontoftheseatLeverreleaseslockingmechanismstoallowforwardorrearwardmovementDualsidedreleasesconnectedby towelbar handleSingle sidereleaseconnectslatcheswithtiewireorlinkageSynchronizinglatchesiscriticalLatchesshouldengageasclosetosimultaneouslyaspossible GravityBalancingSprings AdjusteranglespecifiedbycustomerNoreasontochangewithoutcompellingreasonIfadjusterangleexceeds6degrees thenreviewdesignGravitybalancingspringshelpinmovingseatforwardifangleistoosteepAssistsforwardmovementHindersbackwardmovementCreatessafetyissueforassemblyShiptheadjusterwiththespringunloaded FMVSS201Testing DemonstratesabilityofcompleteseattoprovideheadprotectionforrearseatoccupantsinfrontalimpactsAppliestoallseatsexcept RearmostSidefacingBack to backFoldingauxiliaryjumpTemporary FMVSS202Testing Reducefrequencyandseverityofneckinjury whiplash inrear endcollisionsAppliestoallseatswithheadrestraintsMomentappliedtoseatbacktoestablishdisplacedtorsolineSamemomentappliedtoheadrestraintUltimateloadof200lbs applied FMVSS207Tes