Eclipse下struts+spring+hibernate快速入门[1].doc

eclipse下struts+spring+hibernate快速入门courage_yhb发表于2005-03-29, 11:14 本文是开发基于spring的web应用的入门文章，前端采用Struts MVC框架，中间层采用spring，后台采用Hibernate。在写作过程中参考了appfuse和springlive项目本文包含以下内容：配置Hibernate和事务装载Spring的applicationContext.xml文件建立业务层和DAO之间的依赖关系将Spring应用到Struts中概览这个例子是建立一个简单的web应用，叫MyUsers,完成用户管理操作，包含简单的数据库增，删，查，该即CRUD（新建，访问，更新，删除）操作。这是一个三层的web应用，通过Action（Struts）访问业务层，业务层访问DAO。图一简要说明了该应用的总体结构。图上的数字说明了流程顺序从web（UserAction）到中间层（UserManager），再到数据访问层（UserDAO），然后将结果返回。Spring层的真正强大在于它的声明型事务处理，帮定和对持久层支持（例如Hiberate和iBATIS）以下下是完成这个例子的步骤：1 安装Eclipse插件2 数据库建表3 配置Hibernate和Spring4 建立Hibernate DAO接口的实现类5 运行测试类，测试DAO的CRUD操作6 创建一个处理类，声明事务7 创建Struts Action的测试类8 创建web层的Action和model9 运行Action的测试类测试CRUD操作10 创建jsp文件通过浏览器进行CRUD操作11 通过浏览器校验jsp安装eclipse插件1 Hibernate插件/hibernatesync2 Spring插件/spring-ide/eclipse/updatesite/3 MyEclipse插件(破解版)4 Tomcat插件. tanghan5 其他插件包括xml，jsp，数据库建表Create table app_user ( id number(5) not null,primate key lastname vchar2(20),firstname vchar2(20);新建项目新建一个web project，新建后的目录结构如上图所示，同时包含了新建文件夹page用于放jsp文件，和源文件夹test用于放junit测试文件。同时将用到的包，包括struts，hibernate，spring都导入到lib目录下。创建持久层O/R mapping1 在src/com.jandar.model下用hibernate插件从数据库导出app_user的.hbm.xml文件改名为User.hbm.xml2 通过hibernate synchronizer-synchronizer file生成User.java文件,User对象对应于数据库中的app_user表注：在eclipse下自动生成的对象文件不完全相同，相同的是每个对象文件必须实现Serializable接口，必需又toString和hashCode方法；import java.io.Serializable;import mons.lang.builder.EqualsBuilder;import mons.lang.builder.HashCodeBuilder;import mons.lang.builder.ToStringBuilder;import mons.lang.builder.ToStringStyle;public class BaseObject implements Serializable public String toString() return ToStringBuilder.reflectionToString(this,ToStringStyle.MULTI_LINE_STYLE);public boolean equals(Object o) return EqualsBuilder.reflectionEquals(this, o);public int hashCode() return HashCodeBuilder.reflectionHashCode(this);public class User extends BaseObject private Long id;private String firstName;private String lastName;/* return Returns the id.*/public Long getId() return id;/* param id The id to set.*/public void setId(Long id) this.id = id;/* return Returns the firstName.*/public String getFirstName() return firstName;/* param firstName The firstName to set.*/public void setFirstName(String firstName) this.firstName = firstName;/* return Returns the lastName.*/public String getLastName() return lastName;/* param lastName The lastName to set.*/public void setLastName(String lastName) this.lastName = lastName;创建DAO，访问对象1 在src/com.jandar.service.dao新建IDAO.java接口，所有的DAO都继承该接口package com.jandar.services.dao;public interface IDAO 2 在src/com.jandar.service.dao下新建IUserDAO.java接口 public interface IUserDAO extends DAO List getUsers();User getUser(Integer userid);void saveUser(User user);void removeUser(Integer id); 该接口提供了访问对象的方法，3 在src/com.jandar.service.dao.hibernate下新建UserDAOHiberante.javaimport java.util.List;import mons.logging.Log;import mons.logging.LogFactory;import org.springframework.orm.hibernate.support.HibernateDaoSupport;import com.jandar.model.User;import com.jandar.service.dao.IUserDAO;public class UserDaoHibernate extends HibernateDaoSupport implements IUserDAO private Log log=LogFactory.getLog(UserDaoHibernate.class);/* （非 Javadoc）* see com.jandar.dao.IUserDAO#getUsers()*/public List getUsers() return getHibernateTemplate().find(from User); /* （非 Javadoc）* see com.jandar.dao.IUserDAO#getUser(java.lang.Long)*/public User getUser(Integer id) / TODO 自动生成方法存根return (User) getHibernateTemplate().get(User.class,id);/* （非 Javadoc）* see com.jandar.dao.IUserDAO#saveUser(com.jandar.model.User)*/public void saveUser(User user) log.debug(xxxxxxx);System.out.println(yyyy);getHibernateTemplate().saveOrUpdate(user);if(log.isDebugEnabled()log.debug(userId set to +user.getId();/* （非 Javadoc）* see com.jandar.dao.IUserDAO#removeUser(java.lang.Long)*/public void removeUser(Integer id) Object user=getHibernateTemplate().load(User.class,id);getHibernateTemplate().delete(user);if(log.isDebugEnabled()log.debug(del user +id);在这个类中实现了IUserDAO接口的方法，并且继承了HibernateDAOSupport类。这个类的作用是通过hibernate访问、操作对象，进而实现对数据库的操作。创建业务层，声明事务业务层主要处理业务逻辑，提供给web层友好的访问接口和实现访问DAO层。用业务层的另一个好处是，可以适应数据访问层从Hibernate技术转移到其他数据访问技术。1 在src/com.jandar.service下新建一个IUserManager接口，该接口有几乎于IUserDAO同样的方法，不同的是处理参数，应为IUserManager是供web层访问的。public interface IUserManager User getUser(String userid); List getUsers();User saveUser(User user);void removeUser(String userid);2 在src/com.jandar.service.spring下新建IuserManager实现类，UserManager.java/* 创建日期 2005-3-4* TODO 要更改此生成的文件的模板，请转至* 窗口 首选项 Java 代码样式 代码模板*/package com.jandar.service.spring;import java.util.List;import mons.logging.Log;import mons.logging.LogFactory;import com.jandar.model.User;import com.jandar.service.IUserManager;import com.jandar.service.dao.IUserDAO;/* author Administrator* TODO 要更改此生成的类型注释的模板，请转至* 窗口 首选项 Java 代码样式 代码模板*/public class UserManager implements IUserManager /* （非 Javadoc）* see com.jandar.service.IUserManager#getUser(java.lang.String)*/private static Log log=LogFactory.getLog(UserManager.class);public IUserDAO userDao;/* return 返回 userDao。*/public IUserDAO getUserDao() return userDao;/* param userDao 要设置的 userDao。*/public void setUserDao(IUserDAO userDao) this.userDao = userDao;public User getUser(String userid) User user=userDao.getUser(Integer.valueOf(userid);if(user=null)log.warn( user id +userid+ not found in database);if(log.isDebugEnabled()log.debug(get a user with id +userid);return user;/* （非 Javadoc）* see com.jandar.service.IUserManager#getUsers()*/public List getUsers() / TODO 自动生成方法存根return userDao.getUsers();/* （非 Javadoc）* see com.jandar.service.IUserManager#saveUser(com.jandar.model.User)*/public User saveUser(User user) / TODO 自动生成方法存根userDao.saveUser(user);return user;/* （非 Javadoc）* see com.jandar.service.IUserManager#removeUser(java.lang.String)*/public void removeUser(String userid) / TODO 自动生成方法存根userDao.removeUser(Integer.valueOf(userid);UserManager.java通过访问dao接口实现业务逻辑和数据库操作。同时该类中提供了set方法，运用了Spring的依赖注入机制。但尚未使用spring的AOP和声明事务。配置applicationContext.xml在WEB-INF 下新建applicationContext.xmlorg.hsqldb.jdbcDriverjdbc:hsqldb:db/appfusesa!- Make sure tags are on same line - if theyre not, authentication will fail -com/jandar/model/User.hbm.xmlnet.sf.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialectcreate PROPAGATION_REQUIREDPROPAGATION_REQUIREDPROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly创建Web层1 创建Struts Action，为了在一个action中实现CRUD操作，Action继承了DispatchAction根据参数决定调用方法。在src/com.jandar.web.struts.action下创建UserAction.javaimport javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import mons.logging.Log;import mons.logging.LogFactory;import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMessage;import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMessages;import org.apache.struts.action.DynaActionForm;import org.apache.struts.actions.DispatchAction;import org.appfuse.model.User;import org.appfuse.service.IUserManager;public class UserAction extends DispatchAction private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(UserAction.class);private IUserManager mgr = null;public void setUserManager(IUserManager userManager) this.mgr = userManager;public ActionForward delete(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)throws Exception if (log.isDebugEnabled() log.debug(entering delete method.);mgr.removeUser(request.getParameter(user.id);ActionMessages messages = new ActionMessages();messages.add(ActionMessages.GLOBAL_MESSAGE, new ActionMessage(user.deleted);saveMessages(request, messages);return list(mapping, form, request, response);public ActionForward edit(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)throws Exception if (log.isDebugEnabled() log.debug(entering edit method.);DynaActionForm userForm = (DynaActionForm) form;String userId = request.getParameter(id);/ null userId indicates an addif (userId != null) User user = mgr.getUser(userId);if (user = null) ActionMessages errors = new ActionMessages();errors.add(ActionMessages.GLOBAL_MESSAGE,new ActionMessage(user.missing);saveErrors(request, errors);return mapping.findForward(list);userForm.set(user, user);return mapping.findForward(edit);public ActionForward list(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)throws Exception if (log.isDebugEnabled() log.debug(entering list method.);request.setAttribute(users, mgr.getUsers();return mapping.findForward(list);public ActionForward save(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)throws Exception if (log.isDebugEnabled() log.debug(entering save method.);/ run validation rules on this formActionMessages errors = f