专八改错技巧.ppt

词法错误 句法错误 语篇错误 Proofreadinganderrorcorrection 词法错误 冠词名词代词介词及固定搭配形容词和副词的比较结构情态动词用词混淆 1 三类常见冠词错误 a 冠词误用b 冠词冗余c 冠词缺失出现频率较高 a 冠词误用09年真题Theprevioussectionhasshownhowquicklyarhymepassesfromoneschoolchildtothenextandillustratesthefurtherdifferencebetweenschoolloreandnurserylore thefurtherdifferenceafurtherdifference b 冠词冗余2010真题Similarly wehavenoreasontodoubtthattheEskimolanguagecouldbeaspreciseandsubtleonthesubjectofmotormanufactureorcricketifthesetopicsformedthepartoftheEskimos life The去掉theLanguage thelanguage c 冠词缺失2007年真题Wemaysaythatthecriesofpainorchortlesofamusementarelargelyreflexactions instinctivetolargeextent whereaslanguageproperdoesnotconsistofsignsbutofthesethathavetobelearntandthatarewhollyconventional tolargeextenttoalargeextent 2 名词的数 paper paperssafe safesglass glasseswood woodswork worksfather in law fathers in law近年 出现频率较低 2004年真题Congressionalinvestigationsneverthelessrepresentoneimportanttoolavailabletolawmakerstoinformthecitizenryandtoarousepublicinterestsinnationalissues interests interest 3 两类常见代词错误 a 代词误用b 代词冗余出现频率较高 a 代词误用2009Innurseryloreaverse learntinearlychildhood isnotusuallypassedonagainwhenthelittlelistenerhasgrownup andhaschildrenoftheirown orevengrandchildren Theperiodbetweenlearninganurseryrhymeandtransmittingitmaybesomethingfromtwentytoseventyyears their his 2013 7 something anything 2013 8 b 代词冗余2006Wetakeitforgrantedthetwomostcommonformsoftransmission bymeansofsoundsproducedbyourvocalorgans speech orbyvisualsigns writing it删除 4 介词及固定搭配 a 介词误用b 介词冗余c 介词缺失出现频率极高 a 介词误用2008OthersfavoredtheadoptionofGreek though asonemanputit thingswouldcertainlybesimplerforAmericansiftheystuckontoEnglishandmadetheBritishlearnGreek Attheend aseveryoneknows thetwocountriesadoptedthepracticalandsatisfactorysolutionofcarryingthesamelanguageasbefore at in intheend a 介词误用2006TheEnglishspeakershasinhisdisposalavocabularyandasetofgrammaticalruleswhichenableshimtocommunicatehisthoughtsandfeelings inavarietyofstyles totheotherEnglishspeakers in at atone sdisposal a 介词误用2005Anduntiltheywerestoppedbytheantitrustauthorities theIvyLeagueschoolscolluded 密谋 tolimitcompetitionforthebeststudents byagreeingnottoawardscholarshiponthebasisofmeritratherthanpurelyofneed justlikebusinessfirmsagreeingnottogivediscountsontheirbestcustomer on to givediscountsto 2012 5 b 介词冗余2010TheEnglishlanguagewillbejustasrichintermsfordifferentkindsofsnowiftheenvironmentsinwhichEnglishwashabituallyusedmadesuchdistinctionsasimportant as删除 madesuchdistinctionsimportant 2011IknewthatIhadafacilitywithwordsandapoweroffacinginunpleasantfacts 去掉in face面对faceup勇敢地面对 c 介词缺失2010Thatis everylanguageappearstobewellequippedasanyothertosaythethingstheirspeakerswanttosay be后面加as2012 1 5 形容词和副词的比较结构 主要为比较级和最高级误用出现频率较高2006Hisvocabulary inparticular boththatwhichheusesactivelyandthatwhichherecognizes increasesinsizeashegrowsoldasaresultofeducationandexperience old older 2003Fromthe1940sthroughtheearly1960s AmericansmarriedatahighrateandatayoungeragethantheirEuropecounterparts high higher 6 情态动词 Insocialsituations theclassicIntentionMovementis thechair grasp 抓板凳 Hostandguesthavebeentalkingforsometime butnowthehosthasanappointmenttokeepandcangetaway can must 7 用词混淆 a 词义混淆b 词性混用c 其他混淆 a 词义混淆2010TheEskimos itissaid canspeakaboutsnowwithfurthermoreprecisionandsubtletythanwecaninEnglish butthisisnotbecausetheEskimoslanguage oneofthosesometimesmis called primitive isinherently further much或者去掉 b 词性混用2003Fromthe1940sthroughtheearly1960s AmericansmarriedatahighrateandatayoungeragethantheirEuropecounterparts Europe European c 其他混淆2010ThisexampledoesnotcometolightadefectinEnglish ashowofunexpected primitiveness come bring bringtolight发现 揭露 词法错误 句法错误 语篇错误 Proofreadinganderrorcorrection 句法错误 1 时态和语态2 主谓一致3 定语从句和名词性从句4 非谓语动词5 It 句型6 虚拟语气7 倒装 1 时态和语态 出现频率不高2002Webeginthe natural learningofpronunciationlongbeforewestartlearningtoreadorwrite andinourearlyyearswewentonunconsciouslyimitatingandpracticingthepronunciationofthosearoundusformanymorehourspereverydaythanweeverhavetospendlearningevenourdifficultEnglishspelling went go2012 4 2 主谓一致 出现频率不高2006 theEnglishspeakerhasinhisdisposalavocabularyandasetofgrammaticalruleswhichenableshimtocommunicatehisthoughtsandfeelings inavarietyofstyles otheotherEnglishspeakers enables enable2013 7 3 定语从句和名词性从句 一个常考常新的考点注意点 1 定语从句分限定性和非限定性两种2 关于that和which的区别 2008AtthesametimetheUnitedStatessplitofffromBritain forexample therewereproposalsthatindependenceshouldbelinguisticallyacceptedbytheuseofadifferentlanguagefromthoseofBritain time后面加上when 2007Wemaysaythatthecriesofpainorchortlesofamusementarelargelyreflexactions instinctivetolargeextent whereaslanguageproperdoesnotconsistofsignsbutofthesethathavetobelearntandthatarewhollyconventional these those 2005Theriseintuitionmayreflectthefacteconomicuncertaintyincreasesthedemandforeducation fact后面加that 4 非谓语动词 非谓语动词的三种形式 todo 不定式doing 动名词done 分词考试出现频率极高 主要错误 1 句子中出现两个谓语2 动名词与不定式误用3 分词的误用 接不定式做宾语的动词 agree advise care choose consent decide determine desire expect fail happen hesitate hope learn manage offer prepare pretend promise propose refuse resolve want wish等接动名词做宾语的动词 admit appreciate avoid complete consider deny detest dislike endure enjoy envy escape excuse fancy feellike finish forgive giveup goon can thelp imagine insiston involve keep keepon leaveoff mention mind miss postpone praise practise putoff quit recollect report resent resist risk stand stop suggest think understand等 2007Fromwhathasbeensaid itmustbeclearthatnoonecanmakeverypositivestatementsabouthowlanguageoriginated Thereisnomaterialinanylanguagetodayandintheearliestrecordsofancientlanguageshowuslanguageinanewandemergingstate show showing 2006Eachofusshareswiththecommunityinwhichweliveastoreofwordsandmeaningsaswellasagreeingconventionsastothewayinwhichwordsshouldbearrangedtoconveyaparticularmessage agreeing agreed 5 It 句型 2010Theremayormaynotbeappropriatetotalkaboutprimitivepeoplesorcultures butthatisanothermatter There It Grammarerrors 1 Asmilecanbeobserved described andreliablyidentify anditcanalsobeelicitedandmanipulatedunderexperimentalconditions 2 Amusicalgenius JohnCageisnotedforhishighlyunconventionalideas andherespectedforhisunusualcompositionsandperformances 3 Chocolateispreparedbyacomplexprocessofcleaning blendandroastingcocoabeans whichmustbegroundandmixedwithsugar 4 Severalmillionpointsonthehumanbodyregisterseithercold heat pain ortouch 5 Inthe1800 sstoreownerssoldeverythingfromaneedletoaplow trusteveryone andnevertookinventory 6 Humanbeingsaresocialanimalswhomusuallyprefernottoliveinphysicalorpsychologicalisolation 7 Itestimatedthatonlyaboutthirtypercentofourplanet ssurfaceconsistsofland 8 Iftelevisionhadbeeninventedathousandyearsago willnationsbesignificantlymorehomogeneousthantheyarenow 9 TheSt LawrenceSeaway whichrunsbetweenBritishColumbiaandNewYork hascompletedbytheUnitedStatesandCanadain1959 10 Filmdirectorscantakefargreatlibertiesindealingwithconceptsoftimeandspacethanstagedirectorscan 词法错误 句法错误 语篇错误 Proofreadinganderrorcorrection 衔接错误 语义错误 语篇错误 1 衔接错误2006Wetakeitforgrantedthetwomostcommonformsoftransmission bymeansofsoundsproducedbyourvocalorgans speech orbyvisualsigns writing or and 2004Mostcommitteehear