专四语法专题.ppt

TEM 4语法复习专题 TEM 4考试大纲英语语法点概述常考语法点分析读题 审题 解题 III 语言知识 PartIII LanguageKnowledge 1 测试要求 a 掌握并能正确运用基本语法和句法 b 掌握认知词汇 5500 6000 并且能正确 熟练地运用其中的3000 4000个单词及其最基本的搭配 c 考试时间10分钟2 测试形式 本部分采用多项选择题 共20道题 每题有四个选择项 题目中约50 为词汇 词组和短语用法题 其余为语法和句法题 3 测试目的 测试学生掌握词汇 短语 及基本语法 句法概念的熟练程度 英语专业四级 TEM 4 考试大纲 常考语法点分析 词法 名词 复合名词复数与双重属格 代词 数 性 人称 限定词 排位 与三类名词搭配 副词 语法功能 评注性状语 动词 动静态 情态动词 非谓语动词 独立主格 逻辑主语 主动表被动 一 名词 复合名词的复数 1 Therehasbeenanincreasingnumberof inprimaryschoolsinthepastfewyears 2016 16 A manteacherB menteacherC manteachersD menteachers 复合名词的复数形式 1 中间没有连字符的复合名词变复数 通常最后一个词变复数 handbooks bookstores 由man和woman构成的复合名词变复数 两个词均要变为复数 menservants womenwriters等2 连字符连接的复合名词 一般把中心或主要名词变复数 editors in chief sons in law movie lovers 没有主要名词时 最后一个词变复数 film goers 爱看电影的人 3 部分词两者均可 consulsgeneral consulgenerals 总领事 复合名词的复数 双重属格P57 2 Ican tputupwith 2016 15 A thatfriendofyouB thatfriendofyoursC thefriendofyouD thefriendofyours 名词双重属格 名词双重属格 P57 即带有独立属格的of词组 afriendofthedoctor s 独立属格即省略名词属格中心词的属格结构 hermemoryislikeanelephant s 类似于名词性物主代词用法 yours hers表部分 afriendofmyfather s oneofmyfather sfriends afriendofadoctor s 介词of宾语必须特指 acoverofthebook s 介词of宾语一般指人 thedaughterofMrGreen s 双重属格修饰的名词可带a any some等非确定特指的限定词 通常不带定冠词the 表感情色彩 与this和that等指示限定词连用 thisbrilliantideaofhis thatclevercommentofyourfather s Whotoldyouthat Afriendofyourfather s Ifhesayssuchthings heisnotafriendofmyfather 二 代词 代词及其先行项的数 性 人称的一致 P86 93 P316 1 Nobodyheardhimsing 2016 14 P316 A didoneB didheC didn ttheyD didthey2 Whenonehasgoodhealth shouldfeelfortunate 2010 16 2015 19 A youB theyC heD we 语法一致原则和意义一致原则先行项为everyone everybody noone nobody anyone anybody someone somebody等复合词时 通常按照用语法一致 采用单数形式 Everybodytalkedatthetopofhisvoice非正式语体 也可根据意义一致原则采用复数代词 尤其为everyone everybody时 采用复数代词比较自然 Everyonewasclappingtheirhands 三 限定词 限定词与三类名的词搭配 及限定词排位 P60 65 1 WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECT 2008 15 A AllhislectureswereboringB halfhismoneywasgoneC herfewfriendsareallfondofdancingD heinvitedmanyhisfriendstotheparty2 WhichofthefollowingsentencesisINCORRECT 2010 18 A allhislecturesareveryinterestingB halftheirsavingweregoneC manyhisfriendscametothepartyD bothhissistersarenurses 考点一 限定词与三类名词的搭配关系考点二 限定词排位 前中后位限定词 3 Theadditionalworkwilltake weeks 2011 19 A theotherB anothertwoC othertwoD themore4 Whichofthefollowingdeterminerscanbeplacedbeforebothsingularcountnounsandpluralcountnouns 2012 12 A manyaB fewC suchD thenext5 ThefollowingdeterminerscanbeusedwithbothpluralanduncountablenounsEXCEPT 2013 13 A manyB enoughC moreD such6 Sheisabetterspeakerthan intheclass 2016 13 A anyboyB theotherboysC otheranygirlD allthegirls 评注性状语 常见副词用法辨析 比较结构 P273 274 P286 P292 P422 四 副词 1 WhichofthefollowingadverbscanNOTbeusedtocomplete everybodycame 2009 19 A nearlyB quiteC practicallyD almost2 Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsmodofiesanadverb 2014 18 A DoitrightnowB ThatwasaveryfunnyfilmC IratherlikemyteacherD Wewalkedabout6miles3 WhichofthefollowingwordscanNOTbeusedtocomplete We veseenthefilm 2010 19 A beforeB recentlyC latelyD yet4 Whatdoes Hewiselyrefusedtospendhismoney 2008 17 A Itwaswiseofhimtorefusetospendhismoney B Herefusedtospendhismoneyinawisemanner C Hewasshortofmoneyanddidn twanttobuyanything D Herefused inawisemanner tospendhismoney 5 Itisnotsomuchthelanguage theculturalbackgroundthatmakesthebookdifficulttounderstand 2011 17 A asB norC butD like6 Itisnotsomuchthelanguage theculturalbackgroundthatmakesthebookdifficulttounderstand 2015 13 A butB norC likeD as7 Itisnot muchthelanguageastheculturalbackgroundthatmakesthebookdifficulttounderstand 2007 15 A thatB asC soD very8 Thereareasgoodfishinthesea evercameoutofit 2007 11 A thanB likeC asD so9 Overpopulationposesaterriblethreattothehumanrace Yetitisprobably athreattothehumanracethanenvironmentaldestruction 2007 18 A nomoreB notmoreC evenmoreD muchmore10 Thecouplehadnosoonergottothestation thecoachleft A whenB asC untilD than 基本比较结构的其他模式 as much many n as分句Hetookasmuchasbutterasheneeded as 形容词原级 名词词组 as分句Idon twantasexpensiveacarasthis Idon twantacar whichis asexpensiveasthisnotsomuch as 与其说 不如说 Itwasn tsomuchhisappearanceIlikedashispersonalitynotmore erthan 与nomore erthanHeisnotbetterthanPeter 他不比皮特好 普通比较结构的否定 HeisnobetterthanPeter 他和皮特一样坏 可以理解为该形容词的反义词 asbadas notlessthan nolessthan Theaudiencewasnotlessthan5thousand 观众不少于五千人Theaudiencewasnolessthan5thousand 观众有五千人之多more less fewer 名词 than 分句Shehaswrittenmoreessaysthanhe 她比他写了更多文章Shehaswrittennotmoreessaysthanhe 她写的文章不如他多 Shehaswrittennomoreessaysthanhe 她和他写的文章一样少 Youaremorecarefulthanheis Youarenotmorecarefulthanheis Youarenomorecarefulthanheis Youarelesscarefulthanheis Youarenotlesscarefulthanheis Youarenolesscarefulthanheis 你比他仔细 你不如他仔细 你和他一样不仔细 你不如他仔细 你比他粗心 你比他仔细 你不如他粗心 你和他一样仔细 more less 形容词 than 分句 五 动词 动静态动词 情态动词P111 P191 203 P207 1 You borrowmynotesprovidedyoutakecareofthem Itoldmyfriend 2007 12 A couldB shouldC mustD can2 Aren tyoutired I youhaddoneenoughfortoday 2009 18 A shouldhavethoughtB musthavethoughtC mighthavethoughtD couldhavethought3 Nancy sgonetoworkbuthercar sstillthere She bybus 2010 12 A musthavegoneB shouldhavegoneC oughttohavegoneD couldhavegone4 WhichofthefollowingsentencesexpressesWILLINGNESS 2012 15 A BynowshewillbeeatingdinnerB IshallneverdothatagainC MybrotherwillhelpyouwiththeluggageD Youshallgetapromotion 5 ThefollowingarealldynamicverbsEXCEPT 2013 20 A remainB turnC writeD knock6 Whichoffollowingisastativeverb 2015 16 A drinkB closeC rainD belong7 Amongthefoursentencesbelow sentence expressesthehighestdegreeofpossibility 2016 12 A itmaytakealongtimetofindasolutiontotheproblem B itmighttakealongtimetofindasolutiontotheproblem C itcouldtakealongtimetofindasolutiontotheproblem D itshouldtakealongtimetofindasolutiontotheproblem 1 动静态动词区分详见P1112 部分情态动词可能性比较如下 可能性从小至大 见P207 might may could can should oughtto would will must3 部分情态动词 不定式完成体的意义比较might couldhavedone本来可能发生或本来可能完成却没有发生或没有完成的动作should oughttohavedone本来应该做却没有做某事musthavedone表推测过去的事态needn thavedone本来不必做却做了 didn tneedto没做 六 非谓语动词 1 Itisnotcommonforthere problemsofcommunicationbetweentheoldandtheyoung 2007 19 A beingB wouldbeC beD tobe2 Lindawas theexperimentamonthago butshechangedhermindatthelastminute 2007 14 A tostartB tohavestartedC tobestartingD tohavebeenstarting3 Thisisoneoftheissuesthatdeserve 2016 17 A beingmentionedB mentioningC tomentionD formention4 Inphraseslikefreezingcold burninghot orsoakingwet the INGparticipleisused 2011 15 A asacommandB asaconditionC forconcessionD foremphasis 否定形式 逻辑主语 主动形式表被动意义 独立结构 P168 P251 P375 5 There nothingmorefordiscussion themeetingcametoanendhalfanhourearlier 2015 20 A tobeB tohavebeenC beD being6 Facingtheboardofdirectors hedidn tdeny breakingtheagreement 2013 11 A himB hisC itD its7 shouldnotbecomeaseriousdisadvantageinlifeandwork 2010 20 A TobenottallB NotbeingtallC BeingnottallD Nottobetall I Theretobe 的用法及意义 A Theretobe 可以用作一个动词的宾语 我们通常称之为复合宾语 其意义常表示对将来的一种意愿或希望 但目前还没 存在 例 Shedoesn thopetheretobeanyquarrelbetweenmeandher 她不希望我们之间有什么争吵 对将来的一种希望 B Theretobe 也可以用在句型 Itbe adj for 中 例 Itisimportantfortheretobeafreeschoolforthepoorchildren 给贫困的孩子建一所免费学校太重要了 TheretobeVSTherebeing II Therebeing 的用法及意义 A Therebeing 可以用作一个介词的复合宾语 跟 Theretobe 不同的是 Theretobe 往往表示目前 没有存在 的事物 而 Therebeing 则通常表示 已经存在 的事情 请看 TheChineseareproudoftherebeingtheGreatWallinNorthChina 中国人以在中国北部有个长城而自豪 注意 therebeing作主语 Therebeingashophereisagreatadvantage 这儿有个商店 真是方便极了 B Therebeing 还可以用作副词 在语法上叫 独立结构 如 Therebeingnoteacherintheclassroom thepupilsbegantotalkfreely 由于教室里没有教师 学生们开始自由交谈 C 作介词的宾语一般用Therebeing句式 但当是for时一般用theretobe句式 Thisdependedontherebeingasuddenchange 这需要有一个突然的改变 Theteacherwaswaitingfortheretobecompletesilence 老师在等着大家都安静下来 1 在need want require deserve和bear等词的后面 动名词用主动形式表示被动含义 其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式 如 Thehouseneedsrepairing toberepaired 这房子需要修理 Myclothesneedwashing tobewashed 我的衣服需要洗了 2 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义 但不能跟动词不定式 而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式 如 Thepicture bookiswellworthreading Thepicture bookisveryworthytoberead 这本画册很值得一读 SuchamanasMr Smithisnotworthhelping SuchamanasMr Smithisnotworthytobehelped 像史密斯先生那样的人不值得帮助 Thisplanisnotworthconsidering Thisplanisnotworthytobeconsidered 这个计划不值得考虑 某些动名词的主动形式表被动含义 a 当nice easy fit hard difficult important impossible pleasant interesting等形容词后跟不定式作状语 而句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时 这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义 如 Japaneseisnotdifficulttolearn 日语并不难学 指日语被学 Thewaterisunfittodrink 这水不适合喝 指水被喝 Thepieceofmusicispleasanttohear 这首音乐听起来很悦耳 指音乐被听 Thisbookiseasytoread 这本书读起来很容易 指书被读 b 当动词不定式在名词后面作定语 不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义 如 Ihavealotofworktodotoday 我今天有很多工作要做 worktodo指被做的工作 Hehasthreechildrentolookafter 他有三个孩子要照看 childrentolookafter指孩子被照看 注意 如果以上句型用动词不定式的被动形式 其含义有所区别 如 Ihavesomeclothestobewashed 我有些要洗的衣服 衣服不是自己洗 c 在therebe 句型中 当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时 不定式用主动或被动式 其含义没有什么区别 如 Thereisalotofhomeworktodo tobedone 有很多家庭作业要做 Therearesomeclothestowash tobewashed 有些衣服要洗 某些动词不定式的主动形式表被动含义 语气 虚拟与祈使 语态 短语动词的被动语态 时态 完成时 完成进行时 语法成分 同位语 宾语 补语 表语 关系判断 主谓一致 主语形式为复数表示单数意义 反义疑问句从句 主语从句 同位语从句 状语从句 定语从句 倍数表达法感叹句 how和what引导 句意理解 表目的 命令 请求 强调 原因等等 常考语法点分析 句法 七 语气 判断 if条件句 省略if倒装 be型虚拟 错综条件句 祈使语气P181 188 P395 397 1 ItisabsolutelyessentialthatWilliam hisstudyinspiteofsomelearningdifficulties 2007 20 A willcontinueB continuedC continueD continues2 Mybossorderedthatthelegaldocuments tohimbeforelunch 2012 14 A besentB weresentC weretobesentD mustbesent3 4 Itisessentialthathe allthefactsfirst 2014 11 A isexamingB willexamineC examinesD examine5 Itisnecessarythathe theassignmentwithoutdelay 2010 17 A handinB handsinC musthandinD hastohandin6 Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyourlawyer he abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan 2015 15 A willbeB wasC wouldbeD were7 Ifonlythepatient adifferenttreatmentinsteadofusingtheantibiotics hemightstillbealivenow 2007 13 A hadreceivedB receivedC shouldreceiveD werereceiving 8 youradvice Iwouldhavemadethewrongdecision 2016 19 A Hadn titbeenforB HaditnotbeenforC HaditbeenforD Hadnotitbeenfor9 ThesentenceIwishIhadbeenmorecarefulinspendingmoneyexpressesthespeaker s 2016 20 A hopeB joyC regretD relief10 HadJudybeenmorecarefulonthemathsexam she muchbetterresultsnow 2008 11 A wouldbegettingB couldhavegotC mustgetD wouldget11 Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood English mucheasiertolearn 2009 11 A couldhavebeenB wouldbeC willbeD wouldhavebeen12 whichofthefollowingsentencescontainssubjunctivemood 2013 12 A Lucyinsistedthathersongethomebefore5o clockB Sheusedtodrivetowork butnowshetakesthecitymetroC Walkstraightahead anddon tturntillthesecondtrafficlights D PaulwillcancelhisflightifhecannotgethisvisabyFriday 八 反意疑问句 1 Whenyouhavefinishedwiththatbook don tforgettoputitbackontheshelf 2015 11 A don tyouB doyouC willyouD won tyou2 Sheseldomgoestothetheatre 2010 15 A doesn tsheB doessheC wouldsheD wouldn tshe 附加疑问句的肯定与否定 及附加疑问句部分的主语 P316 319 两个一致 1 附加疑问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词保持一致 2 附加疑问句部分的主语与陈述部分的主语保持一致三种类型 1 肯定陈述 否定附加 2 否定陈述 肯定附加 3 祈使句 附加疑问 3 WhichofthefollowingtagquestionsisINCORRECT 2014 16 A Carryhisparcelforme willyou B Nobodywantstogothere doeshe C Fewpeopleknowhim don tthey D Everythingisready isn tit 4 Whenyouhavefinishedwiththatbook don tforgettoputitonmydesk 2008 16 A doyouB don tyouC willyouD won tyou5 Whenyouhavefinishedwiththebook don tforgettoreturnittoTim 2011 14 A doyouB willyouC don tyouD won tyou6 Nobodyheardhimsing 2016 14 P316 A didoneB didheC didn ttheyD didthey 九 主谓一致 主语形式为复数表示单数意义P22 37 1 WhichofthefollowingsentencesisINCORRECT 2012 11 A TwentymilesseemslikealongwalktohimB NooneexcepthissupportersagreewithhimC NeitherJulianorIweregoingtothepartyD Fewstudentsinmyclassarereallylazy2 WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT 2015 11 A Onlyoneoutofsixwerepresentatthemeeting B TendollarswasstolenfromthecashregisterC EithermysisterormybrotheriscomingD Fivemilesseemlikealongwalktome3 WhichofthefollowingsentencesisgrammaticallyINCORRECT 2013 16 A PoliticsaretheartorscienceofgovernmentB TenmilesseemslikealongwalktomeC MumpsisakindofinfectiousdiseaseD Allthefurniturehasarrivedundamaged 4 WhichofthefollowingsentencesisINCORRECT 2014 13 A PhisicsisanimportantschoolsubjectB TheUnitedStatesbordersCanadaC TheNiagaraFallsisintheNorthAmerica D Mumpsisakindofinfectiousdisease 注意以下几点 语法一致 意义一致 就近原则 就远原则复数形式表示单数意义 部分疾病 游戏 国家名称 集体名词的单复数意义并列结构特别注意用and但表示单数意义的词manya each every 单数or nor either or neither nor notonly butalso 就近原则主语 asmuchas ratherthan morethan nolessthan等从属结构 就远原则主语 aswellas inadditionto with alongwith togetherwith except等引导的词组 就远原则 十 语法成分 词或句子的语法成分 关系判断 P13 19 P418 同位语 1 In howmuchdoyouthinkheearns howmuchis ofthesentence 2009 20 A thesubjectB theadverbialC theobjectD thecomplement2 Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsisusedasanobjectcomplement 2014 12 A ThefrontdoorremainedlockedB TheboylookeddisappointedC NancyappearedworriedD Heseemedtohavenomoneyleft3 Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsindicatesapredicate objectrelationship 2014 15 A HewasreadingMary sletterintheroomB Youcanbuymen sshoesinthisshopC Mrs Blake spassportwaslostD Theenemy sdefeatbroughtthewartoanend 4 Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsindicatesasubject verbrelation 2015 17 A ThemanhasalargefamilytosupportB ShehadnowishtoquarrelwithherbrotherC HewasthelastguesttoleaveD Maryneedsafriendtotalkto5 Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsisasubjectclause 2011 20 A WearequitecertainthatwewillgetthereintimeB HehastofacethattherewillbenopayrisethisyearC ShesaidthatshehadseenthemanearlierthatmorningD Itissheerluckthattheminersarestillaliveaftertendays6 Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsisusedasanobject 2011 18 A Whatdoyouthinkhashappenedtoher B Whodoyouthinkthevisitingprofessoris C Howmuchdoyouthinkheearnseverymonth D Howquicklywouldyousayhewouldcome 7 Whichofthefollowingreflexivepronounsisusedasanappositive 2012 13 A HepromisedhimselfrapidprogressB ThemanagerherselfwillinterviewMaryC IhavenothingtosayformyselfD Theyquarreledthemselvesredintheface8 Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsfunctionsasasubject 2012 17 A WeneverdoubtthatherbrotherishonestB TheproblemisnotwhowillgobutwhowillstayC YoumustgiveitbacktowhoeveritbelongstoD Itisclearthatthecrimewadonedeliberately9 Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsservesasanappositive 2013 17 A HeisnotthemantodrawbackB LarryhasalargefamilytosupportC TonyhitbacktheurgetotellalieD Thereisreallynothingtofear 10 Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsfunctionsasaobject 2012 18 A Hedoesn tliketheideaofmyspeakingatthemeetingB ItisnouseyourpretendingnottoknowthematterC MyparentsstronglyobjecttomygoingoutaloneatnightD Herfallingintotheriverwastheclamaxofthewholetrip11 AllthefollowingsentenceshaveanappositiveEXCEPT 2012 19 A SheboughtherselfapairofnewshoesB Onlyoneproblemstillremains thefoodC MyfriendsallunderstandandsupportmeD Shelikedhercurrentjob teachingEnglish 十一 从句 主语从句 同位语从句 状语从句P349 P354 356 定语从句P381 1 thebosssays itisunreasonabletoaskmetoworkovertimewithoutpay 2009 12 A WhateverB WheneverC WhicheverD However2 Iamveryinterestedin shetoldme 2009 14 A allthatB allwhichC allwhatD that3 Weconsider heshouldhaveleftwithouttellinganyonebeforehand 2009 15 A strangewhyB itstrangewhatC itstrangethatD thatstrange4 Theresearchteamcanhandle needstobehandled 2014 17 A WheneverB WhicheverC WhereverD Whatever5 After seemedanendlesswait itwashisturntoenterthepersonnelmanager soffice 2010 13 A thatB itC whatD there 6 Qualityis countsmost 2008 19 A whichB thatC whatD where7 Myuncleisquitewornoutfromyearsodhardwork Heisnolongertheman hewas15yearsago 2011 11 A whichB whomC whoD that8 Fool Michaelis hecouldnothavedonesuchathing 2014 20 A whoB asC thatD like9 Mendifferfromanimals theycanthinkandspeak 2008 13 A forwhichB forthatC inthatD inwhich10 hewantedtogooutwithhisfriendsattheweekend hehadtostaybehindtofinishhisassignment 2008 14 A MuchthoughB MuchasC AsmuchD Thoughmuch 十二 时态 完成时 完成进行时 现在进行时 多数瞬间性动词无进行时 1 Thestudentsaidtherewereafewpointsintheessayh