单数还是复数.doc

主 谓 一 致 用 法 归 纳一、名词作主语family, class, group, team等集体名词作主语 1.若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式。 His family is a happy one. His family isnt large.2.若指其中一个个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。 My family all like watching TV. people, police, cattle等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。The police are searching for the thief. People here are very friendly. “the+姓氏复数”表示一对夫妇或一家人时，谓语一般用复数。 The Smiths are having dinner. “the+形容词”这类词有：the brave, the poor, the rich,the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the injured,the wounded,the unemployed等。 1.表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad. 2.表示抽象概念时，用单数形式。 The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。 以-s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式。 No news is good news. Maths (physics) is very popular in our class more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。 More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。Three years has passed since then. Two months is a long holiday. Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. Ten miles isnt a long distance. Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1。 a number of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数；A number of famous people were invited to party. A number of students have gone home.2.the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 The number of the students is over eight hundred. The number of pages in this book is two hundred. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 To see is to believe Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 主语为one of , each of, every one of, any one of加复数名词或代词，谓语用单数。One of my favorite sports is basketball. Each of them has an English dictionary. 当kind of, pair of, glass of 等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时，谓语与kind, pair, glass等一致。 This pair of shoes is Toms. There are two glasses of water on the table. “lots of/ a lot of/ plenty of/ all /most /half /the rest of +名词或分数/百分数+名词作主语时，谓语动词取决于名词的可数性, 这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。1.若是不可数名词，用单数；Lots of damage was caused by fire. About three-fourths of the earths surface is covered with water.2.若名词是复数，则用复数。Three-fifths of the workers here are women. Most of his time is spent on study. 二、代词作主语none 与可数名词连用，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数，none 如果代表不可数名词时谓语动词用单数。None of the land has become desert.这些土地都没有变成沙漠。 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything,nobody, no one, nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数。 Is everyone here today? 今天大家到齐了吗？ Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。 疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，如果说话人不知道具体的内容，谓语动词一般用单数。 Who lives next door?Whats in the bag? 三、并列结构作主语由bothand连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；Both his father and his mother are both teachers. 由and连接的两个名词作主语时1.一般用复数形式。Walking and riding are good exercises. 2. 若and所连接的并列主语是同一个人,谓语动词用单数，and后面的名词不加冠词。The writer and teacher is coming. (作家和教师指同一人) The writer and the teacher are coming. (作家和老师是两个人) 3. and前后的并列主语如果表示的是同一个概念，即前后合起来是一个整体，不可割裂开来，谓语动词依然用单数形式。Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.A knife and fork is on the table.(刀叉和在一起才是完整的一副。)Too much work and too little rest often leads to illness. or, eitheror，neithernor,not onlybut also,notbut,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。Tom or Jack is wrong. 不是汤姆就是杰克错了。 Either you or I am right. 要么你要么我是对的。 当主语后面跟有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like, including, in addition to, rather than等词或介词短语时，谓语动词由主语的单复数决定。 Mike with his father has been to England.Mike like his brother enjoys playing football. The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library. 四、与句式有关的主谓一致由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式. What we need is more time. What we need are doctors. 在地点置于句首的倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。 Here comes Simon. Here are some books and paper for you. Between the two windows hangs a picture. There be 结构中，谓语动词与临近的主语一致，即“就近原则”。 There is a book and three pens on the desk. 关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 Those who want to go please put up your hands. Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun. 如果主语有more than one或many a构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。 More than one student has read the book. Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。 主语是each/every/no+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。 Every man and every woman is at work. Each boy and each girl has got a seat. Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema. one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 One and a half hours is enough. One and a half bananas is left on the table. 在“one of+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的从句结构中1.关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此，从句中的动词应该是复数形式。 This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told.2. 但是当one之前有the only等修饰语时，关系代词的先行词是one，而不是靠近它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是单数形式。 She was the only one of the girls who was late.同义句转换汇总1. She is good at swimming. = She does well in swimming. 2. I come from Beijing. =I am from Beijing.3. I am in the English Club. = I am a member of the English Club.4. I take my dog for a walk. = I walk my dog.5. Amy walks home after school. = Amy goes home on foot after schoo6. I have lots of friends. = I have a lot of friends. = I have many friends.7. It is time for breakfast. = It is time to have breakfast. 8. I dont have any money. = I have no money. 9. My favourite lessons are Chinese and English. = I like Chinese and English best.10. What do you think of your new school? = How do you like your new school? 11. They give us some candy as a treat. = They give us a treat of some candy.12. There are no calories in water. = There arent any calories in water. 13. I also like playing computer games. = I like playing computer games too.14. You can buy him a football. = You can buy a football for him. 15. Can I help you? = What can I do for you? 16. Just a minute. = Just a moment.17.How much do the cards cost? = How much are the cards? 18.The birthday presents cost Amy ￥14 = Amy spends ￥14 on the birthday presents= Amy pays ￥14 for the birthday presents. 19. Ill buy them. = Ill take them. 20. They match her favourite T-shirt. = They go well with her favourite T-shirt. 21. What is he doing now? = What is he doing at present? = What is he doing at the moment?22. I dont know what to wear today. = I dont know what I should wear today.23. You look cool in white trousers. = White trousers look cool on you. 24.Can I borrow your photo? = Can I borrow a photo from you? 25. May I turn on the lights? = May I turn the lights on? 注意：如果把the lights 换成it/them则不能替换，只能把it/them 放在中间。 类似的短语还有 try on, put on, take off等。考试经典错误1.Do morning exercises is good for us.很多同学根据汉语习惯写出了这样的句子。动词原形不能作句子的主语，必须改为动名词。需要提醒的是，动名词作主语，谓语动词一律用单数。正确：Doing morning exercises is good for us.2.There are a lot of money in them. 有些同学看到a lot of，谓语动词马上就用了复数形式，其实，a lot of, lots of, some, any这些词既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词，到底用单数还是复数形式，完全取决于后面的名词。正确：There is a lot of money in them.3.This pair of shoes are made of leather.pair of 作句子主语，谓语动词取决于pair的形式，跟后面的名词无关，pair为单数，谓语就用单数形式，pair为复数，谓语动词就用复数形式。类似的词组还有one of, the price of等等。正确：This pair of shoes is made of leather.4.I can by bus to there.犯这类错误的同学完全没有词性意识，一味的根据汉语意思翻译，导致错误连连，令人啼笑皆非。by bus为介词短语，只能放在动词后面使用，如go to school by bus。Can后面需要跟动词原形，“乘公共汽车”的动词短语为take the/a bus。另外，there为副词，前面不可加to。正确：I can take the bus there.5.There is an university near here.有些同学看到元音字母就不假思索用冠词an。判断用冠词a还是an根本不取决于元音字母，而是取决于第一个音发的是否为元音音素。university第一个字母u发的音为/ju/，为辅音，因此，只能用a。类似的词还有：usual，unit，UFO等。；另外，有12个字母前用的是an：A, E, F, H, I, L, M, N, O, R, S, X。还有，有些辅音字母开头的单词，第一个音发的却是元音，依然用冠词，如an hour。正确：There is a university near here.6.The boots are expensive. Do you have a cheaper one?one只能指代可数名词单数形式，而这个句子主语为boots，复数形式，不能用one替代。只能用ones，但如果用ones则又跟前面的a相矛盾。所以只能用pair。或者去掉a，然后用ones。正确：The boots are expensive. Do you have a cheaper pair?7.The price of the boots is expensive.修饰price的词不能是expensive和cheap，只能是high和low。还有就是如果用price问价格，只能用What，即What is the price of?正确：The price of the boots is high.8. How long TV do you watch every day? - Less than an hour.很多同学看到回答，不再考虑直接填How long。殊不知How long后面不能加任何名词，这里的TV显然不符合How long的用法。所以，根据TV我们锁定答案How much。正确： How much TV do you watch every day? - Less than an hour.9.I hope you to help me.hope只有两个句型，即hope to do sth, 或hope (that) + 从句。不能说hope sb to do sth。正确：I hope (that) you can help me.10. When do you usually go there? - At 8p.m. on October 31st every year, there is a Halloween party there.有同学看到回答涉及到时间，不假思索就选用When了。这些同学没有看到这里的时间是为后面的there is a Halloween party there服务的。正确： Why do you usually go there? - At 8p.m. on October 31st every year, there is a Halloween party there.一词多义”现象汇总1. The shoes fit me very well.（动词，“指大小合身”，后面跟人或人的部位)You are not fit at all.（形容词，“健康的”前面一定要加be或keep等系动词）2. I seldom eat sweet snacks like cakes, sweets or drink Coke. （介词，表示“像”)单词本身无任何形式上的变化，不能加s。常用词组：look like =be like Which do you like, cakes or sweets? （动词“喜欢”，有三单形式）3. I never do any exercise. (不可数名词，表示“锻炼”)You never exercise. / You need to exercise more and watch less TV.（动词“锻炼”)4. Ill dress up as Monkey King. (dress up “装扮，打扮”，单独使用表示“给某人穿衣，后面跟人，不跟衣服。如：Mum is dressing her son.)This is my dress. （名词，表示“连衣裙，；礼服”）5. Which is your favourite festival? (形容词，表示“最喜欢的”。)Do you like carrots? They are my favourite. （名词，表示“最喜欢的东西”。）6. We have hot drinks and eat lots of nice, hot food. (可数名词，表示“饮料”。)I drink some milk for breakfast. （动词，表示“喝”。）7. I must buy some Christmas presents. (名词，表示“礼物”。)Are you studying at present? （名词，表示“现在”。）8. Im waiting for my turn. (名词，表示“顺序，轮流”。)May I turn on the lights? （动词，表示“打开”）9. The shirt is light blue. (形容词，表示“浅色的”。)They must be light and comfortable. （形容词，表示“轻的”。）May I turn on the lights? (名词，表示“电灯”。)10. I seldom eat sweet snacks like cakes, sweets or drink Coke. ( 名词，表示“糖果”。)The mooncakes are very sweet.（形容词，表示“甜的”。）11. I always take Eddie for a walk in the evening. (名词，表示“散步”。)I walk Eddie every day. （动词，表示“遛（狗）。）1. 四朵金“花”spend, cost, pay, take辨析 主语动词内容搭配人spend钱/时间doing/onIttake (sb)时间to do人pay钱for物cost人钱2.some, any两者都可表示“一些”，some一般用于肯定句；any用于否定句和疑问句。但在“征求别人意见”和“请求别人做事”的时候，疑问句要用some 代替any。用some 代替any的主要句子有：Would you like? Can I have ? What about? Could you give me? Why not? Why dont you? Shall we? May I.?等。3. how often对频率副词提问，如：three time a day, twice a week, every day等.how many times只对次数提问，如：three times, twice等。how many在句首,名词复数跟着走,一般问句紧相随,其它成分不要丢how much询问价格时，它的回答若是中国的货币单位应采用汉语拼音yuan,fen来表示，几角常采用几十分来表示，字母用小写，且不用复数。How much is the eraser?Ninety two fen. 4. match, fit4.match和fitmatch表示“相配”，后面一般跟衣服和颜色；fit表示“大小合身”，后面一般跟人或人的身体部位。6. bring, take , carry, get , fetchbring表示“带来”，指把东西从远处带到说话人身边，常于here不与there连用；take表示“带走”，指把东西从说话人身边带到远处; bring与take是一对反义词,方向性较强。但bring out、take out和get out都表示“拿出来”，没有区别。carry表示“携带”，无明确方向性。fetch和 get 在意义上相当于 go and bring 的意思 。get是去某处将某物拿回来。fetch 可用于将某人或某物带回，7. on the evening of, in the evening表示具体的特定的某一天早上、中午和晚上要用介词on，on a cold morning ; on Friday evening。如果不确定指哪一天的晚上则用in。8. dress up, dress up as, dress up in, wear, put on dress up “穿上盛装”；dress up as “装扮成”，后接人物、角色； dress up in “穿（衣服）打扮”，后接衣服。Wear表示“穿”的状态，一般指某人某天穿着什么衣服。 put on表示动作，表示衣服由“不穿到穿”。9. may, can 对长辈、老师或陌生人我们用may征求许可，表示礼貌；对同学、朋友我们用can更随便些。对can的肯定回答，可以是：Yes, you can. /Certainly./Sure. 否定回答：No, you cant. Sorry, you cant. Im afraid not. Im afraid you cant.对may的肯定回答是：Yes, you may. / Certainly. 否定回答是：Sure. /No, you cant./ No, you mustnt. 10. healthy， healthhealthy为形容词，搭配keep healthy, be healthy, healthy food, healthy diet等；health为名词，搭配my health, our health等。11. also跟绝大多数副词一样，also应该置于be动词、情态动词、助动词后，谓语动词前。also有时放在句首,一定不能放在句子的最后,句末用too .（too用在句中形容词和副词前表示“太”，句末是“也”）I also like playi