哈工大英语词汇提高Chapter 5 Night Nurse.doc

Building Vocabulary Skills Unit 1 Chapter 5 2012级2014年春季学期Unit 1 Chapter 5 Night NurseKey Words Chapter 5endorseerodegruesomehypocriteidealisticillusionimpactimplynoviceobstacleAdditional words 5corrodecriterionalludedeludeimmerseimperilimplantimpeachimpendimposeTeaching Procedures1. Warm-up Activity (5 minutes) have a dictation on 30 words in Chapter 1 & 4 in the textbook.2. Studentsinvolvement activities(15 minutes) The students do multiple choice and translation of sample sentences in turn around 10 words in Chapter 5, at the same time teacher may help them to explain some new words or useful expressions. 3. Interactive Word Study in Context: (25 minutes) Aim: applying the theory of lexicology in class; give the students very clear clues of certain words and their meanings; teach the students how to learn English vocabulary and train them skills of how to memorize the new words.Teaching Steps:1. perform the activities interactively based on guessing the meaning of the 10 words in context, try to make class lively;2. apply the theory of lexicology to sense relations in the ten words, T may explain and enlarge something important. Skills of Vocabulary Learningantonyms in context synonyms in context common sense (general knowledge)cultural information create word power on words from example sentence X collocationrelated forms word formation on roots and affixation phrases and expressions from example sentence Xsynonym discrimination1. endorse: vt.(=indorse) a. to give ones approval to; support (a decision, statement etc)actively: 赞同，支持 The court endorsed the judges decision. b. to sign ones name on (a check) : The bank refused to cash the check as it was endorsed. Can you endorse the back of the check , please? c. to make a note of an offence on(a driving license): He s had his license endorsed for dangerous driving.related forms:endorsable: adj.endorsement: n.endorser: n.词根dors=back 表示“背” dorsal a. 背部的indorse v. 背书，同意synonym discrimination: shopping mall: a large shopping center, usu. enclosed where cars are not permitted but there is plenty of space to park them out side. strip mall/ mini mall: (AmE) a small shopping center often found on a strip, that consists of a single row of shops with parking spaces in front of them.Bank English :柜台服务customer service没收假钞confiscating counterfeit notes信用卡丢失reporting a lost card咨询consultation帐号account number 存户depositor开户open an account销户clear/close an account 存款to deposit money /to make a diposit/ to save money 取款to withdraw money汇款send remittance to sb. 存款单deposit form/ on the deposit slip 取款单drawing-out slip =a withdrawal form存款收据deposit receipt 存单certificate of deposit 存折deposit book利率interest rate活期存款 current deposit =demand deposit定期存款 a time deposit =a fixed deposit活期存折current passbook, current deposit passbook把活期存款转成定期一年transfer the current account to one-year time deposit通存通兑universal cash saving and withdrawing硬币coin纸币paper money =bill货币流通currency circulation货币发行monetary issue货币投放putting currency into circulationcreate word power on cereal:refined grains/ wheat flour and rice细粮coarse cereals杂粮mixed grain porridge五谷杂粮粥coarse grains/ roughage粗粮 oatmeal 燕麦粥，燕麦片，燕麦粉medicated diet /herbal cuisine/ medicated food/药膳农作物crop小麦wheat 大麦barley玉米maize水稻rice黑麦rye谷物cereal grain高粱sorghum小米millets糠，麸皮bran谷壳chaff燕麦oats小黑麦，黑小麦 triticale五谷杂粮的内容分类所包含的食物谷类小麦、大麦、稻米(大米、糯米、籼 xin米)、燕麦、高粱、小米、薏米等豆类黄豆、红豆、黑豆、豌豆、扁豆、绿豆、蚕豆、刀豆、花豆等坚果、干果杏仁、腰果、榛子、核桃、松子、栗子、开心果、花生、葵花子、南瓜子、红枣等薯类红薯、土豆、芋头、山药等synonyms: advocate, uphold, sustain, back.antonyms: censure谴责，指责, disapprove, oppose.2. erode: vi. a. to destroy gradually: 削弱，破坏 The individuals freedom and right to privacy is being eroded. b. to wear away by erosion侵蚀，腐蚀，磨损: Water has eroded the rock.synonyms：a. consume, eat away, destroy, corrode腐蚀，侵蚀；逐渐损害，侵袭 antonyms：build, construct, fix, rebuild 词根记忆 e加强+rod（咬）+e不停侵咬使变坏侵蚀派生 erosion n. erodible adj.词根 rod, ros=to bite 表示“咬” rodent n. 啮齿动物(rod+ent咬东西的动物)rodenticide n. 灭鼠药（rodenti=rodent+cid杀+e杀啮齿动物的东西）corrode vt.& vi. 使腐蚀(cor加强+rod咬+e不断侵咬使腐坏腐蚀)；侵蚀Sea water has corroded the anchor chain.海水腐蚀了锚链。 其他例句1.Acid causes metal to corrode. 酸使金属腐蚀。2.An iron tool, if never used, will corrode with rust.铁制工具长期不用会锈损。3.Jealousy corroded his character. 嫉妒损伤了他的人格。4.Rust has corroded the steel rails.锈侵蚀了钢轨。5.The tools will corrode with rust if never used.这些工具如长期不用会长铁锈而损坏。related forms: corrosion n. 腐蚀corrosive a. 腐蚀性的3. gruesome: adj. horrible:可怕的；令人毛骨悚然的；可憎的；阴森的 There has been a series of gruesome murders in the capital. 在首都发生了一连串让人毛骨悚然的谋杀案。related forms:gruesomely: adv.gruesomeness: n. phrases and expressions from example sentence:look away: change the sight转移目光syn: frightful, dreadful, fearful, terrific, dire, horrid, hideous. anto: beautiful, pleasant, pretty. 4. hypocrite: n. person who pretends to be good or to have feelings or beliefs that he does not actually have: 伪君子，伪善者 He is a real hypocrite- he goes to church on Sunday and ill-treats his wife during the week. supplement to word formation:hypo- a prefix meaning:a. under or beneath: hypodermic 皮下的,皮下组织的, 皮下注射用的b. lacking or insufficient : hypothyroidism 甲状腺机能减退cultural information on three major religions in the world : Names of 3 major religions creator of religion the classic bookChristianityJesus ChristBible IslamMuhammadKoranBuddhismBuddhaThe Buddhist Scripturessynonyms: phoney假冒者, pretender, deceiver, imposter冒名顶替者，江湖骗子, cheat词缀记忆 hypo-（在下面）+crit评判+e在背后评判别人虚伪的人） 派生 hypocrisy n. 伪善 hypocritical a. 伪善的词根crit, cris =to judge, to discern 表示“判断，分辨”critical a. 批评的，危急的criticism n. 批评crisis n. 危机，危急时刻criterion n. 标准，准则； 规范This is the most distinctive criterion for identifying the nature of events. 这是识别事物本质最为显著的准则。 其他例句1.We have a clear-cut criterion to go by. 我们有个可供遵循的明确标准。2.Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth.实践是检验真理的唯一标准。3. This is the final criterion of veterinary practice.这就是兽医业务的最终目标。 4. These rights main criterion is truthfulness.表达这些权利的主要标准是坦诚。5. My own criterion of success is the ability to work joyfully. 我自己成功的标准是能够快乐地工作。5. idealistic: adj. a. having high ideas and acting according to them: 理想主义的；空想家的。 America is the only idealistic nation. b. forgetting or neglecting practical matters in trying to follow onesideals; not practical: 唯心主义的；唯心论的。He is an idealistic (but usually impractical) social reformer. 他是一个空想主义（经常是不切实际的）的社会改革者。synonyms: utopian乌托邦的，空想社会主义的；空想的，不切实际的，乌托邦居民，空想的社会主义者；空想家 quixotic堂吉诃德式的；骑士气派的，愚侠的；空想的,unrealistic, dreaming, idealized, impractical, romantic. antonyms: realistic, practical.词根记忆 idea,ideo=idea,表示“思想，观点”派 ideal n. 理想 ideal: adj. 理想的, 完美的, 高尚的idealism n. 理想主义idealist n. 理想主义者idealize v. 使理想化后缀-istic istical 表形容词，“关于的，属于主义的”artistic a. 艺术的humanistic a. 人道主义的journalistic a. 新闻事业的moralistic a. 道学的realistic a. 现实的simplistic a. 过分简单的sophistic a. 诡辩的egoistical a. 利己主义的6. illusion: n. a. a false impression, idea or belief幻觉，错觉: A mirage is an illusion. b. misapprehension: 错误的观念 Many young people have the illusion that wealth is the main cause of happiness.collocation:be under an / the illusion (that): related forms:illusive: adj.illusory: n.illusionist: n.synonym discrimination: illusion: 错觉、幻觉，指某物给人一种虚幻，从表面看来逼真，但事实上并非如此。 During a quake, when I used to observe the houses swaying toward one another, I would have illusion they were actually bumping heads. 在一次地震中，当我看到房屋都在摇晃时，总是产生幻觉，似乎这些房屋是互相碰撞的脑袋。delusion指幻想、错觉，通常指自我欺骗或受人欺骗，可表示神经错乱状态，极易上当受骗，或无力判断虚幻的东西和实际上存在的东西。 He recovered consciousness slowly, unwilling to let go of a pleasing delusion that he was in Rome. 他的意识恢复的很慢，不愿意放走他是在罗马这一令人愉快的幻念。hallucination幻觉，表示视觉影像或其它感官印象，如声音或气味的知觉，它们不是事实，而是感觉器官或神经、心理错乱的产物，或和特殊的疾病有联系。 The burglar in her room was only a hallucination.她房间里的窃贼只是一种幻觉而已。mirage幻景，幻想。该词只在用于广义时才和上述诸词同义，通常用于把幻想、梦想、希望或目标作为自己的指导，而不了解这只是一种幻影。 This hope to find your people is a mirage, a delusion which will lead a destruction if you will not abandon it.这种找到自己人的希望只是一种幻影、一个幻想，你若不放弃它，它就毁掉你。 vision幻想、梦幻，指以自己愿望为依据，对还未实现的事物的美好想象。 We must not laugh at the romantic vision of youth. synonyms: confusion, daydream, delusion, fools paradise, hallucination, mirage海市蜃楼；幻想，妄想antonyms: disillusion觉醒, certainty, event, fact, reality, truth , reality词根记忆 il(进入）+lus(玩弄)+ion幻觉词根 lud, lus =to play, play 表示“玩，戏剧”ludic a. 顽皮的ludicrous a.滑稽的，可笑的collude v. 勾结，串通（col共同+lud+e共同玩弄手段勾结）collusion n. 同谋，勾结 delusion n. 欺骗elude v. 躲避 interlude n .（剧间）休息prelude n. 序曲elusive a. 难懂的allude vt. 提及，暗指 （al加强+lud+e演戏不直截了当暗指） I would rather never allude to the past for it is very painful to me. 我不愿再提到过去，因为那使我痛苦。其他例句1.He didnt mention your name but I was sure he was alluding to you.他没提你的名字，但是我确信他是暗指你的。2.In your remarks you alluded to a certain sinister design.在你的谈话中，你提到了某个阴谋。3. The story alluded to a mystery in her past. 故事影射她过去生活中的一个秘密。 4. You allude perhaps to the entail of this estate. 你大概是说产业的继承权问题。5. You mustnt allude to his babys death when you meet John.你遇见约翰时,不可提到他小孩去世的事。delude vt. 欺骗，哄骗。 Candidates running for president often delude the voters with election promises. 参加总统竞选的候选人往往以竞选许诺来蛊惑选民。其他例句1.He deluded everyone into following him.他骗得大家都追随他。2. Dont delude yourself with false hopes. 别用幻想欺骗自己。3. We should not delude ourselves into thinking the dean was an honest man. 我们不能再自欺欺人把主任当成一个诚实的人。4. You wont delude him into believing it. 你不能诱使他相信此事。5. Dont delude yourself into believing that she will marry you. 不要自欺，别以为她会嫁给你。7. impact: n. a. the force of one object e.g. hitting against another冲击力，撞击，碰撞: impact against / on + n. People see the impact of a bus against the wall. b. a strong effect or impression:影响 impact on + n.The news did not make much impact on me.related forms:impaction: n.phrases and expressions from example sentence:knock out: defeat, make sb unconscious击倒，使昏迷synonyms: a. collision , bump, crash, impinging, contact, striking impulse, shock, impression, stroke, touch.b. force, impression, influence, echo. 前缀 im-表示“向内，进入”immigrate v. 移民入境(im+migrate 移居移入) immission n. 注入（im+miss送+ion送入注入）immure v. 监禁（im+mur墙+e在大墙内监禁）import v. 进口(im+port港口进港进口)imprison v. 入狱immerse vt. 沉浸, 使陷入（im+mers沉没+e）沉迷中The translator has toimmersehimself in the world of the poet. 译者必须完全投入诗人的境界。其他例句1.Clare and Phil were deeply immersed in conversation.克莱尔和菲尔专心谈话。2.He immersed himself totally in his work. 他埋头于工作中。3.He was immersed in debt. 他深陷入于债务中。4.I immerse my clothes in the water. 我把衣服浸在水里。5.Some of the students were so immersed in their studies that theysometimes even forgot their meals.有的学生有时甚至发愤忘食。imperil vt. 处于危险中（im+peril危险进入危险），危及。Water pollutionimperilsall kinds of marine life. 水质污染危及所有海洋生物。其他例句 1.Stray mines began to turn up off the Pacific coast, imperilling commercial shipping.散逸的水雷开始在太平洋海岸出现而危及商船的航行。2.The whole project is imperilled by lack of funds.整个工程因缺少资金而陷于危险之中。3. A victory for Allende would imperil our interests in the Western Hemisphere. 阿连德一旦获胜，就将危及我们在西半球的利益。4. Conservationists say the losses could imperil the long-term survival of the creatures.自然保护协会人士认为石油泄露将长期威胁海龟的生存。5. Violence and military attacks will imperil peace.暴力和军事打击可能折断和平的翅膀。implant vt. 移植；灌输；植入，插入。 In this operation the surgeons implant a new lens in the eye. 医生在这次手术中给病人（眼球）植入了新的水晶体.其他例句1.A good teacher should implant high ideals in children.好教师应该把高尚理想灌输给孩子们。2.Early experiences can implant fears in the subconscious.早年的经历会在下意识中埋入恐惧感。3. You should implant good habits in children你应该使孩子们养成好习惯。4.The operation to implant the artificial heart took two hours.人工心脏植入手术花费了两小时。5. Early experiences can implant fears in the subconscious. 早年的经历会在下意识中埋入恐惧感。 表示“使.,加以.”impassion v. 使动感情impede v. 阻碍（im+ped脚+e插上一脚阻碍）impress v. 印，使铭记（im+press压使压印）impulse n. 冲动（im+puls驱动，推+e冲动）impeach vt. 弹劾（im+peach告发弹劾）；控告（某人）犯罪；对（某事物）怀疑；提出异议。The House of Representatives has the sole power toimpeachan officer of the United States government.唯有众议院有权弹劾美国政府的官员。其他例句1.Elected officials can be impeached. 经过选举产生的官员可以被弹劾。2.The judge was impeached for taking a bribe.这个法官被检举接受贿赂。3. We must impeach the judge for taking bribes.我们一定要检举法官收受贿赂。4. The U.S. Congress decided to impeach the President.美国国会决定弹劾总统。5. The Iraqi Parliament will impeach the President next week. 下个星期伊拉克国会将要弹劾总统。impend vi. 即将发生，迫近（im+pend悬事情已悬在空中即将发生）进行威胁，逼迫I had a sense of impending doom. 我有一种厄运即将降临的预感。其他例句1. Crucial events impend in Europe. 欧洲即将发生具有决定意义的事变。2. The danger is impending over us. 危险就在我们面前 。3. Hurricane is impending.飓风就要来了。4. I carried an umbrella because the rain impended.我带了把伞，因为就要下雨了。5. War was impending over the young republic. 战争正在逼近这个年轻的共和国。impose vt. 把.强加于；征税；以欺骗 vi. 利用； 欺骗； 施加影响（im+pos放+e强行放置强加）They are threatening to impose a blockade on the country. 他们威胁说要对该国实行封锁。其他例句1.A direct food levy was imposed by the local government.地方政府征收了食品税。2.A four-day suspension was imposed on her. 她被勒令停职四天。3. Dont impose yourself on people who dont like you. 不要硬缠着不喜欢你的人。4.He imposed himself as their leader. 他自封为他们的领袖。5.He imposed on me. 他欺骗我。8. imply: vt. a. to indicate or suggest or hint at something without actually express statement: 暗示； 意味。 imply + n. imply + that. b. to include, or to require as a necessary condition: 隐含 imply + n. What do you imply by that statement? 你那句话有什么含意？related forms:implication: n.implied: adj.synonym discrimination:hint: 暗示，一般用语。指不明白表示自己的意思，而间接地用含蓄的语言使人领会。We hinted that he ought to work harder.suggest: 暗示、启发、间接表明That the Indian government is perfect, no one imate: 提示，暗示。指用一种转弯抹角的方法把一件事轻轻点出，不须说明就能使人洞悉其意。He intimated his intention of resigning his office.insinuate: 暗示、旁敲侧击。通例被用在恶的意味上。To insinuate that one has acted wrongly.imply: 暗示，暗指。指对某事不公开发表自己的意思，用语言、表情、动作表明态度，要对方进行推断。 The doctors frown implied that something was wrong.synonyms: intimate暗示，暗指, insinuate暗讽, suggest, connote暗示，意味着antonyms: assert, state, express9. novice: n. a. a beginner: 新手 He cant ski very well yet- hes only a novice. b. a monk or nun who has not yet taken all his or her vows:见习修士(修女)synonyms: abecedarian初学者,fledgling新手，没有经验的人,freshman,greenhorn生手，新兵，缺乏经验的人, neophyte,novitiate,tyro新手，生手，初学者，经验不足的人antonyms: expert,old guard, old hand, veteran, professional.10. obstacle: n. something which stands in a persons way or prevents progress: 障碍物 obstacle to + n.His inability to learn foreign languages was an obstacle to his career. His parents tried to put obstacles in the way of his marriage.collocation: obstacle race障碍赛跑come across/ encounter obstacle遇到阻碍remove an obstacle清除阻碍overcome/clear/surmount an obstacle克服或战胜障碍synonyms: hindrance, a bar to, prevent, limitingantonyms: help, assistance Section 4 Quiz in Class(5 minutes)Complete e