初中语法总结及练习 介词.doc

初中语法总结及练习五介词介词不能独自作句子成分，必须与名词或代词等构成介词短语，才可以担任句子的成分。介词短语可以在句中作表语Whos _(值日) today？/定语The man_ (穿红色) is his uncle./状语Your grandma doesnt look old_ (对于她的年龄)./宾语补足语He left the key_ (在家里)和独立成分_ (顺便问一下)。一、 介词的分类1） 表示地点: at/in, in/to (the east of), on/under/over/above/below, in/into/out of, over, under, between/among/around, at/beside/near/next to, behind/in front of, about, across/along/through, down, before/after, to/for/from, towards, with, withoutover还有其他含义：遍及：all over the country(world) 超过：相当于more than。He is over 40.在那边；越过 over therefor还有其他的用法：表原因，表示“为了” for the motherland.表示“拥护”，“支持” for or against表示“以价格”。How much do you want to buy it for?表示“就而说”。 for his age. 2） 表示时间: at/in/on, within, of, about, past, to , before/after, during/for/through, from/since, by/till/until, (notuntil)until与瞬间动词(点动词)连用时，必须用否定句表示；而与延续动词连用，用肯定式。3） 表示手段和材料: by（通过方式或手段）, in（用某种墨水、语言、衣服或声调）, with（用某一工具）with还有如下含义“由于，因为”。She jumped with joy when hearing the news. 可与副词连用构成祈使句。Out with your hands on your head!By的其他一些用法：表示“经过旁边”。go by表示“由于”。 by mistake. 表示“相差，差额”。 missed the train by only five minutes/increased by 30% 表示“逐一地”one by one.4） 表示除去: besides, except, except for 5) 表示比较: as, like, without6) 表示原因: for(还可做连词), with, from 7) 表所属: of, with, from8) 表对于: to, for, at, with 9) 表示赞成或反对: with/against10) 表示关于: about(关于；各处，四周 ；随身，身旁), concerning, as for(介词), as to“至于”二、 与其它词类的搭配1）动词+介词：look into/over, come across/by, care for, call on，carry on/away/out, come back/about/, go into/over 等2) be+形容词+介词：be afraid of，be pleased with，be embarrassed at3）介词+名词（作为副词使用）：after you, by mistake, for example, in time 4)其它结构：动词+oneself+介词 dress oneself in/help oneself to; 动词+sb.+介词 thank sb. For sth./ rob sob of sth.三、 介词兼做副词 behind【落后】 before【以前】 in在家】 over【完了】四、 介词省略 在this, last, next, every等词之前不可以再加任何介词。专项练习1. Children get gifts _ Christmas and _ their birthdays.A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on2. A lot of students in our school were born _ March, 1993.A. in B. at C. on D. since3. My grandfather was born_ Oct. 10, 1935.A. on B. inC. at D. of4. He suddenly returned_ a rainy night.A. on B. at C. inD. during5. The train is starting _five minutes.A. in B. at C. for D. still6. Mike does his exercises _ seven _ the evening.A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at; on7. We usually cover the Christmas trees _ colour lights.A. in B. use C. for D. with8.It happened to be very cold_ the morning of our sports meetingA. at B. on C. withD. of9.Why did you get up so early _ this morning.A. on B. / C. at D. in10. They are filling their bags_ books and other things.A. in B. with C. of D. by11.Ann moved_Hangzhou_September, 1992.A. /; in i B. to; in C. to; on D, in; in12. He often goes _ school _ six thirty _ the morning.A. for; to; in B. to; at in C. to; for; at D, for; at; to13. He arrived _ Shanghai _ 9: 30 _ March 5. A. at; in; at B. to; on; at C. in; on; at D. in; at; on14.The English teacher told me to get there_ half past ten.A: in B. at C. on D. of15.I worked on the problem _ a long time and I worked it out _ myself_ last.A. for; by; at B. in; with; on C. on; by; in D. for; for; at the16.We will finish the picture _a day.A. in B. on C. after D. on17.She lived in the mountain village_ the years 1940-1950.A. between B. during C. in D. since18. Mary had finished her homework_ the time I got home.A. until B. by C. at D. when19. We stayed at the lab_ our teacher returned.A. till B. by C. duringD. while20.They didnt leave the station_ they get on the train.A. until B. byC. after D. at21.I dont like to sit _ Toms right. I would like to sit _ the back row.A. on; in B. in; on C. on; at D. at; on22.There is a brook(小溪)_ red flowers and green grass_ both sides. A. of with B. with; on C. of; at D. with; in23.Jiangsu is_ the east of China, but Japan is _ the east of China. A. to; in B. in; to . C. on; to D. to; on24.1 like moon cakes _ meat _ them.A. in; on B. with; on C. in; the D. with; in25.When you are _ trouble please ask help _ us.A. in; from B. in; for C. on; from D. on; of26.The shopkeeper said they had sold out the shoes_ your size.A. about B. in C. to D. of27.I saw him_hurry at the moment.A. in a B. in C. on D. on a28.He put up a map _ the back wall because there was a hole _ it.A. on; on B. at; in C. on; in D. on; at29.There is a door_ the wall. A. on B. to C. of D. in30.This kind of VCD is made_ China. .A. in B. from C. at D. on31.There are some birds singing_ the trees.A. in B. on C. at D. from32.Dont read _ the sun. Its bad _ your eyes.A. in; to B. under; for C. with; to D. in; on33.The woman_ a blue dress is my teacher.A. in B. on C. of D. at34.There are so many apples_ that tree.A. in B, on C. at , D. from35.The boat is passing_ the bridge.A. through B. below C. under D. across36.Two planes are flying_ the city.A. through B. over , C. on , D, below37. United States is _ the south of Canada and _ the east of Japan.A. to; in B.on;to C. in; besideD. at; on38.The man stood_the window, watching the boys playing outside. A. in B. by C. with D. to39.The river runs_ the city.A. across B. through C. over D. from40.Uncle Wang arrived_ No. 14 Middle School half an hour ago.A. at B. in C., to D. /41.Did your friend send you something _ the end of last week?A. at B. by C. in D. to42.They are waiting _ a bus _ the bus stop.A. for; in B. on; at C. with; at D. for; at43.Wood is often made _ paper.A. by B. from C. of D. into44.A woman fell _ the boat _ the water.A. off; into B. at; belowC.