chapter3Wordation.ppt

Chapter3WordFormation AffixationCompoundingConversionBlendingClippingAcronymyBack formationOnomatopoeia soundreduplication 3 1Affixation derivation 词缀法 派生法 Theformationofwordsbyaddingword formingorderivationalaffixestobases Wordsthuscreatedarederivatives 派生词 Accordingtothepositionsaffixesoccupyinwords affixationfallsintotwosubcategories prefixationandsuffixation 3 1Affixation Derivation 1 Prefixation1 Negativeprefixesa not without oppositeof asinamoral asexual amorphousdis not theconverseof asindisobey disorder disloyalin il ir im non un 3 1Affixation Derivation 1 Prefixation2 pejorativeprefixesmal bad badly asinmaltreat malpracticemis wrongly astray asinmisinterpret misspelling misleadingpseudo false imitation asinpseudo scientific pseudonym 3 1Affixation Derivation 1 Prefixation3 Prefixesofdegreeorsizearch supreme most asinarchbishophyper extreme asinhyperactivemacro large asinmacroeconomicsmicro verysmall asinmicroeconomicssur overandabove asinsurplusco extra mini out over sub super 3 1Affixation Derivation 1 Prefixation4 locativeprefixesextra outside asinextra curricularfore frontpart asinforearm foreheadinter between among asininterpersonalintra within asinintrapartytrans across asintranscontinental 3 1Affixation Derivation 1 Prefixation5 Prefixesofnumber 3 1Affixation Derivation 1 Prefixation6 conversionprefixesa V Adj asinasleep alivebe N vt asinbefriend befall bewitchen N Adj vt asinendanger enrich 3 1Affixation Derivation 1 Prefixation7 Miscellaneousprefixesneo new revived asinneo Nazipan all thewholeof asinpan Europeansino China asinSino Angloproto first original asinprototypevice deputy asinvice chairman 3 1Affixation Derivation 2 Suffixation1 NounsuffixesConcrete eer er ess ette let ster istAbstract age dom hood ism ship ance ence ation sion ment ness ity 3 1Affixation Derivation 2 Suffixation2 Adjectivesuffixes ful ish less like ly y al ous eous ious uous able ative ive ic patriotic pessimistic bureaucratic 3 1Affixation Derivation 2 Adjectivesuffixes 3 1Affixation Derivation 2 Suffixation3 Adverbsuffixes ly ward wards wise in manner asinclockwise asfaras concerned asincalorie wise education wise4 Verbsuffixes ate en ify fy y ize ise Br E 3 1Affixation Derivation Task1Formnegativeswitheachofthefollowingwordsbyusingoneoftheseprefixesdis il im in ir non un non smokerincapableimpracticalillegaldisobeyinconvenientinsecurityirrelevantimmaturedisabilityunofficiallyunwillingnessdisagreementillogicaldisloyal 3 1Affixation Derivation Task2Turnthefollowingnounsandadjectivesintoverbs hardenhorrifymodernizememorizefalsifyapologizedeepenglorifylengthenintensifybeautifysympathizeoriginatevalidateheighten 3 1Affixation Derivation Task3Turnthefollowingverbsintonouns realizationresentmentadherenceexistenceimaginationdecisionperformanceadditionassessmentdependenceattendanceoccurrenceearningsopeningdismissalsurvivallinkageshrinkagepersistence 3 1Affixation Derivation Task4Formadjectivesfromthefollowingnounsandcompletethetablebelow comfortableflexiblesuccessfulscientifichygienicfashionable efficientcomprehensibleappropriatefrequentcompatiblecompetent predictabledemocraticaccurateforgivablehelpfulfaithful 3 1Affixation Derivation Task4Formadjectivesfromthefollowingnounsandcompletethetablebelow 3 2Compounding Composition Theformationofnewwordsbyjoiningtwoormorebases 复合法 Wordsthusformedarecalledcompounds Acompoundisa lexicalunitconsistingofmorethanonebaseandfunctioningbothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyasasingleword Quirketal1985 Compoundscanbewrittensolid checkup hyphenated clock watcher andopen remotecontrol spaceshuttle roadcamera 3 2Compounding Composition 1Characteristicsofcompounds1 Phonologicalfeaturese g CompoundFreephrasea fatcatafat cata redtagared taga redeyeared eye greenhousegreen housea darkhorseadark horse 3 2Compounding Composition 1Characteristicsofcompounds2 Semanticfeatures one wordness everycompoundshouldexpressasingleideajustasoneword theelementsareinseparableandthechangeoftheelementwouldresultinthelossoftheoriginalidentity 3 2Compounding Composition 1Characteristicsofcompounds3 GrammaticalfeaturesTendtofillasinglegrammaticalslotinasentence e g Hebad mouthedme new borns three year oldsInadjective plus nouncompounds theadjectiveelementcannottakeinflectionalsuffixes e g hotline redtape 3 2Compounding Composition 2 Formationofcompounds1 Nouncompoundshandbrake lipservice barcoden n deadline blueprint redtapeadj n crybaby rattlesnake swearwordv n upload upstart downturnadv v toothpick heartattackn v show off have not sit inv adv 3 2Compounding Composition 2 Formationofcompounds1 Nouncompoundsgrown up leftoverp p adv clock watcher stockholdern v erpresidentelect ambassadordesignaten v court martial commanderinchiefn adj spend more than earn 负翁 marry upon graduation 毕婚族 phrasethatwhat s his name 那个谁谁谁 sentence 3 2Compounding Composition 2 Formationofcompounds2 Adjectivecompoundslaw abiding record breakingn v ingeasy going high soundingadj v ingforth coming everlastingadv v ingcarefree lifelong sugar freen adj deaf mute bitter sweet icy coldadj adj far fetched hard won well behavedadv v edheart felt poverty stricken hen peckedn v ed 3 2Compounding Composition 2 Formationofcompounds3 VerbcompoundsBusinesswasslowatfirstbutit sreallysnowballedthelastcoupleofmonths 一开始生意很清淡 但最近两个月生意越来越好 Ourpregnancieshaddovetailed sothatwehadmanagedwithonesetofmaternityclothes 我们的孕期正好错开 所以我们共用了一套孕妇服 3 2Compounding Composition 2 Formationofcompounds4 Othercompoundswithin without poundshowever moreover poundsoneself nobody pounds 3 2Compounding Composition Task4TranslatethefollowingintoChinese arm wrestlingbaby bluesofficeelite扳手腕产后抑郁症 白骨精 hearsayjob hoppingmix match小道消息跳槽混搭flip flopsthigh highfly over人字拖长筒袜立交桥coatstandoffbeattelltale衣帽架另类搬弄是非的 3 2Compounding Composition Task4TranslatethefollowingintoChinese interview holichouse husbandfree lancer海面家庭主男 居家男人自由职业者platenumberstickypostaftershock车牌号精华贴余震9 to 5erx factordisplay stand朝九晚五的上班族不确定因素展台in fightingmeltdownpost it内讧 窝里斗崩盘即时贴 3 2Compounding Composition Task4TranslatethefollowingintoChinese eye catchingwish washBigMac惹眼 拉风无稽之谈巨无霸surplusgoodsslapstickgas guzzler尾货搞笑剧 闹剧 油老虎 gas sippercarpoolthink tank省油车拼车智囊团backseatdriverbackstabbervirtualmoney指手划脚的人背后搞小动作的人虚拟货币 3 2Compounding Composition Task4TranslatethefollowingintoChinese all star lineup all round education 全明星 阵容 素质 教育 backup file follow up comment 备份 文件 跟 帖 free top uptop up station 免费 续杯充值 点 no bargain price good for nothing一口 价 饭桶 二流子 3 3Conversion 转化法 Formationofnewwordsbyconvertingwordsofoneclasstoantherclass Newwordsarenewonlyinagrammaticalsense Alsoknownasfunctionalshift 词类转化法 orzero derivation 零位派生法 Wordsproducedbyconversionareprimarilynouns adjectives andverbs 3 3Conversion 转化法 1 Conversiontonouns1 V N e g havealook try swim smoke wash takeawalk ride glance rest shower makea n move attempt guess offer giveacry start grant laugh economictakeoffTheseshoeswereanexcellentbuy 3 3Conversion 转化法 1 Conversiontonouns2 Adj N a liberal new born s fullconversionthepoor themoreaffluentpartialconversionI moneofhisfamiliars Cometothefireandhaveawarm 3 3Conversion 转化法 1 Conversiontonouns3 Miscellaneousconversione g Bettertobeanalso ranthananever was Hisargumentscontainstoomanyifsandbuts Lifeisfullofupsanddowns Patriotism nationalisms andanyotherisms fiveyesesandthreenosWecan taffordtowastetearson might have beens Weneedtoturnthetearsintosweataswegoafter what can be 3 3Conversion 转化法 2 Conversiontoverbs1 N V e g Hewolfeddownhislunch Wecan tstomachsuchaninsult Robertroomedrightnexttome 3 3Conversion 转化法 2 Conversiontoverbs1 N V e g Hewolfeddownhislunch Wecan tstomachsuchaninsult Robertroomedrightnexttome 2 Adj V e g Bravingtheirparents displeasure theyannouncedtheirengagement Heemptiedhispocket 3 3Conversion 转化法 2 Conversiontoverbs3 Miscellaneousconversione g Wedownedafewbeers Butmenobuts Theyahedandwowedatthenewmachines Don tbrotherme Iplantofurthermystudy Sheyesedmysuggestion 3 3Conversion 转化法 Insomecases conversionisaccompaniedbycertainnonaffixalchanges 1 Voicelesstovoicedconsonantshouse s house z use s use z advice s advise z 2 InitialtoEndstress permit n per mit v conduct n con duct v 3 4Blending 混成法 Formationofnewwordsbycombiningpartsoftwowordsorawordplusapartofanotherword Wordsthusformedarecalledblends 混成词 3 4Blending 混成法 Formationofnewwordsbycombiningpartsoftwowordsorawordplusapartofanotherword Wordsthusformedarecalledblends 混成词 E g smog smoke fog motel motorist hotel brunch breakfast lunch camcorder camera recorder psywar psychological warfare TypesofBlending 1 head headcomsat communication satellite sitcom situation comedy Amerind American Indian sci tech science technology sysadmin system administrator maglev magnetically levitated sci fi science fiction hi fi high fidelity TypesofBlending 2 head tailframily friend family celesbian celebrity lesbian affluenza affluence influenza aglation agriculture inflation manny man nanny stagflation stagnation inflation fantabulous fantastic fabulous telethon telephone marathon TypesofBlending 3 head worde book electronic book celeblog celebrity blog emoticon emotion icon Medicare medical care grup grown up Eurasia Europe Asia paratroops parachute troops cinemads cinema ads TypesofBlending 4 word taileggwich egg sandwich bikethon bike marathon kidult kid adult 拒绝长大的成年人cheeseburger cheese hamburger Reaganomics Reagan economics infanticipate infant anticipate eatertainment eat entertainment carjack car hijack 3 5Clipping 缩略法 Formationofanewwordbycuttingapartofftheoriginalandusingwhatremains Wordsthusformedarecalledclippedwords 截短词 E g bus omnibus exam examination pants pantaloons maths mathematics TypesofClipping 1 Frontclippingburger hamburger cello violoncello copter helicopter phone telephone van caravan wig periwig quake earthquake chute parachute TypesofClipping 2 Backclippingauto automobile gym gymnasium stereo stereophonic hippo hippopotamus rhino rhinoceros fan fantastic memo memorandum deli delicatessen TypesofClipping 3 Frontandbackclippingflu influenza fridge refrigerator jams pajamas tec detective asst assistant script prescription taint contaminate pram perambulator TypesofClipping 4 Phraseclippingzoo zoologicalgarden tech technicalcollege pub publichouse pop popularmusic taxi taximetercabriolet vet veterinarysurgeonorveteran perm permanentwave 3 6Acronymy 首字母拼音法 Acronymyistheprocessofformingnewwordsbyjoiningtheinitiallettersofcompositenamesofsocialandpoliticalorganizationsorphrasesusedastechnicalterms Wordsthusformedareacronyms whichcanbesubdividedintoinitialisms 首字母缩略词 andacronyms 首字母拼音词 dependingonthepronunciationofthewords Initialisms OL officelady HFMD hand foot mouthdisease IMF internationalmonetaryfund MC masterofceremony GMT GreenwichMeanTime GMO geneticallymodifiedorganism MOU memorandumofunderstanding GM generalmanager GeneralMotors geneticallymodified Initialisms OEM OriginalEquipmentManufacture B W H bust waist hips J F K JohnFitzgeraldKennedy F D R FranklinD Roosevelt EU EuropeanUnion UN UnitedNations ISBN InternationalStandardBookNumber TB tuberculosis ABS Anti lockbrakesystem Initialisms i d idem 同上i e idest 即etal etalli 以及其他vs versus 对 cf confer 参看c o careof 烦 转交p s postscript 附言 Initialisms APUPIAFPDPANHK AssociatedPressUnitedPressInternationalAgenceFrancainedePressDeutschePressAgenturNipponHosoKyokai 美联社合众国际社法新社德新社日本广播公司 Initialisms BBLL8RLOLICCULBTWFYIUWJKSF Bebacklater talk laterLaughingoutloudIseeSeeyoulaterBythewayForyourinformationYou rewelcomeJustkiddingSofa sofast Acronyms DINK doubleincome nokid NILK noincome lotsofkids DIDK doubleincome dogaskid NATO NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization ASEAN AssociationforSouth EastAsianNations OPEC OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries APEC Asia PacificEconomicCo operation SALT StrategicArmsLimitationTalks WASP whiteAnglo SaxonProtestant Acronyms AIDS AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndr