Chapter-8-Beyond-Language-宏观语言学...ppt

All swellthatendswell WilliamShakespeare BeyondLanguageChapter8 0 Review 一帆风顺 1 Whatiscontext 双喜临门 2 Whatispragmatics 三阳开泰 3 Whatisthelocutionaryact 四季平安 4 Whatis会话含义inEnglish 五子登科 5 Whatistheillocutionaryact 六六大顺 6 Whatistheperlocutionaryact 七星高照 7 WhatarethefourmaximsofCP 八方来财 8 Namesomeotherpragmatictheories 1 LanguageandCulture TherelationshipLanguageisanindispensablepartandcarrierofculture Culturefindsabetterrepresentationthroughlanguageuse Sapir WhorfHypothesisOurlanguagehelpsmouldourwayofthinking LinguisticDeterminism Languagedeterminesthought strongversion LinguisticRelativity Languagemerelyinfluencesthought weakversion 汉语称谓与问候同志 师傅 老师 教授 处长 帅哥 美女你吃过了吗 到哪去啊 EnglishAddressingandGreetingMr Ms Buddy son handsome pretty Prof DoctorHowareyou Fineweather isn tit 1 LanguageandCulture 1 LanguageandCulture 如何委婉地表达下面的意思 爱喝酒穷死堕落不及格粗话瘦呆 笨杀人赌博 贪杯 海量手头紧 囊中羞涩安息 逝世 牺牲 长眠误入歧途挂了 没考好 发挥失常TMD NND苗条老实 忠厚终止生长进程奖励性娱乐 1 LanguageandCulture Whatdotheseeuphemismsmean developingcountriesseniorcitizensbeauticianautomobileengineerlovechilddoone sbusinessbreatheone slasteatingfortwogivethesackunderachievers poorcountriesoldpeoplebarbermechanicextramaritalchildpissorshitdiepregnantfirepoorstudents 1 LanguageandCulture Guessthemeaningofidoms pullsb slegblacksheepeatone swordsburntheboatacastleintheairkilltwobirdswithonestoneaboltfromtheblueastimidasarabbitaseasyasapiefishintroubledwaters 开人玩笑害群之马承认说错话破釜沉舟空中楼阁一箭双雕晴天霹雳胆小如鼠易如反掌浑水摸鱼 1 LanguageandCulture Putthefollowinginto成语 untilmyheartstopsbeatingseektruthfromfactssugar coatedbulletsholdhighhopesforone schildstepbysteppeopleofvisionadvancewithtimescatchtheballbeforetheboundtargetofpubliccriticismsurvivalofthefittest 死而后已实事求是糖衣炮弹望子成龙循序渐进有识之士与时俱进先下手为强众矢之的优胜劣汰 1 LanguageandCulture PutthefollowingproverbsintoChinese Aclosemouthcatchesnoflies Actionsspeaklouderthanwords Agoodbeginningishalfdone Agoodmedicinetastesbitter Aleopardcannotchangeitsspots AllroadsleadtoRome Amissisasgoodasamile Asamansows soheshallreap Ayoungidler anoldbeggar Birdsofafeatherflocktogether 1 LanguageandCulture PutthefollowingproverbsintoChinese Constantdrippingwearsawayastone Don tputthecartbeforethehorse Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves Greatmindsthinkalike Hewhodoesnotadvancelosesground Ifyouventurenothing youwillhavenothing Ittakesthreegenerationstomakeagentleman Manyhandsmakelightwork Oncebitten twiceshy Onefalsemovemaylosethegame 1 LanguageandCulture PutthefollowingexpressionsintoChinese 坏蛋大话脚注笑柄广播大开眼界趁热打铁隔墙有耳破釜沉舟狡如狐狸 badeggbigwordsfootnotelaughingstockbroadcastopenone seyesStrikewhiletheironishot Wallshaveears burnone sboatasslyasafox 1 LanguageandCulture 汉语中的英语肥皂剧 卡通 布丁 苹果派 巴士 耐克 因特网KTV EMAIL CALL HighChineseintoEnglishsilk china Sino Taoism kowtow high call hold byetuhao dama hukou guanxi shanzhai fengshui geili 1 LanguageandCulture InterculturalcommunicationDefinitionalsoknownascross culturalcommunication isfrequentlyusedtorefertocommunicationbetweenpeoplefromdifferentcultures StrategiesWheninRomedoastheRomansdo Putyourselfinother sshoes Oneculture smeatisanotherculture spoison Honestyandsincerityarekeypoints 2 LanguageandSociety Sociolinguistics社会语言学Sociolinguisticsisthesub fieldoflinguisticsthatstudiestherelationbetweenlanguageandsocietySpeechcommunity语言社团agroupofpeoplewhoformacommunity e g avillage aregion anation andsharethesamelanguageoraparticularvarietyofalanguage Speechvariety语言变体anydistinguishableformofspeechusedbyaspeaker e g idiolect oragroupofspeakers e g dialect sociolect 2 LanguageandSociety speechvariety userdialect registeruse regionaldialect socialdialect field话语范围 tenor话语基调 语言变体 mode话语方式 specialvariety standarddialect pidgin洋泾浜 Creole混合语 2 LanguageandSociety BabytalkDoggy kitty daddy mommy Alldry Nopee Otherpocket Mailcome Bootoff Ourcar Givedoggiepaper Adamputitbox Buildmeatowernow That sright pickuptheblocks That sapuppy He sverysoftandfurry Thepuppy sinthebasket 2 LanguageandSociety NetspeakJ romeouthereR yowassupJ nothing u R schoolsucked2dayJ heardwylandergotmadatuR whatajerkIuseddpurpleinkonthescitestJ lolR goingtonickspartyJ Cantimgrounded 2 LanguageandSociety Talkingtoanelder apersontendsto SimplifythelengthandcomplexityofsentencesSpeaklouderandmoreslowlyUselimitedvocabularyRepeatorparaphrasewhathasbeensaidUsestatementsthatsoundlikequestionsThelunch whichwasservedlateyesterday mademystomachupsetandIhadtomisstheclassthatIenjoysomuch Lunchwasservedlateyesterday MystomachwasupsetsoIhadtomissmyclass Ireallyenjoythatclass 2 LanguageandSociety GenderdifferencesWomenuseminimalresponses likemhm yeah morefrequently Womenusequestionsmorefrequently Femalelinguisticbehaviourcharacteristicallyencompassesadesiretotaketurnsinconversationwithothers whichisopposedtomen stendencytowardscenteringontheirownpoint Malestendtochangesubjectmorefrequentlythanfemales 2 LanguageandSociety GenderdifferenceWomen slanguageischaracterizedbyformalanddeferencepoliteness whereasmen slanguageisexemplifiedbycamaraderie Amaledesireforconversationaldominance andafemaleaspirationtogroupparticipation Womenattachmoreweightthanmentotheimportanceoflisteninginconversation Femalestendtosharetheirproblemsandexperienceswithothers oftentooffersympathy andmalestendtoprofessadviceoroffersolutions 2 LanguageandSociety VarietiesanddialectsBritishEnglishAmericanEnglishAustralianEnglishIndianEnglishChineseEnglishJapaneseEnglish 2 LanguageandSociety FivedegreesofformalityVisitorswouldmaketheirwayatoncetotheupperfloorbywayofthestaircase frozen Visitorsshouldgoupthestairsatonce formal Wouldyoumindgoingupstairsplease consultative Timeyouallwentupstairsnow casual Upyougo Chaps intimate FactorsinfluencingformalityTopicSituationrelationship 2 LanguageandSociety PidginChineseandEnglish你的帮我 我的钱的大大的给 人生所需求的衣食住一切物品 无一不可以大豆供给的 伏特汽车王曾经讲过 完全用大豆作成而使用豆油驰驱的汽车 不久就可以出现了 由这句话也可以窥知大豆用处伟大了 大豆有以上的广泛的用途 所以在将来发展上有莫大期待的 满洲农业概况 哈夫哈夫 halfhalf 利益均分 生发油抹来抹去 Thankyouverymuch 非常感谢 longtimenosee 长久不见 2 LanguageandSociety PidginEnglishwordsintoChinese马达 motor 马赛克 mosaic 吉普 jeep 摩托车 motorcycle 卡 Car 柠檬 lemon 沙拉 salad 吐司 toast 布丁 pudding 三明治 sandwich 咖啡 法语caf 英语coffee 可可 cocoa 咖喱 curry 麦克风 microphone 沙发 sofa 派队 party 台头 title 安琪儿 angel 磅 pound 打 dozen 听 tin 巧克力 chocolate 时髦 smart 2 LanguageandSociety PidginEnglishwordsintoChinese卡片 card 啤酒 beer 酒吧 bar 沙丁鱼 sardine 雪茄烟 cigar 加农炮 canon 来复枪 rifle 高尔夫球 golf 华尔兹舞 waltz 夹克衫 jacket 车胎 tire 派克大衣 parka 贝雷帽 b ret 冰激凌 icecream 苏打水 sodawater 罗宋汤 Russiansoup 霓虹灯 neonlight 俱乐部 club 维他命 vitamin 引擎 engine 幽默 humor 乌托邦 utopia 2 LanguageandSociety Bilingualism DiglossiaBilingualism双语现象 双语制 Thesituationwheretwolanguagesareusedsidebysidewitheachhavingadifferentroletoplay Canada Belgium HongKong etc Diglossia双言现象 双言制 Thesituationwheretwovarietiesofalanguageexistsidebysidewitheachhavingadefiniteroletoplay Arabic ClassicChinese Greek SwissGerman 3 LanguageandComputer Computationallinguistics计算机语言学abranchofappliedlinguistics dealingwithcomputerprocessingofhumanlanguage Machinetranslation机器翻译theuseofmachine usuallycomputers totranslatetext orspeech fromonenaturallanguagetoanother Corpus语料库acollectionoflinguisticdata eithercompiledaswrittentextsorastranscriptionofrecordedspeech Corpuslinguistics语料库语言学Abranchoflinguisticsthatdealswiththeprinciplesandpracticeofusingcorporainlanguagestudy 4 LanguageAcquisition Acquisition learning习得与学习Acquisitionisthesubconsciousprocessofpickingupalanguagethroughexposure Learningreferstotheconsciousprocessofstudyi