DisordersDigestiveSystem.ppt

Review Rheumatoidarthritis Rheumaticarthritis anemia abscess cyst edema 囊肿 贫血 风湿性关节炎 脓肿 水肿 类风湿性关节炎 LeukemiaDystrophyHypotensionMalpracticeTricuspidPacemakerEstrogen 医疗事故雌激素起搏器营养不良低血压白血病三尖瓣 DisordersoftheDigestiveSystem Lead inQuestionsDoyouknowsomeofthemajordisordersoftheDigestiveSystem 2 AndwhataretheseverityofthedisordersoftheDigestiveSystem Hepatitis肝炎 inflammationanddamageoftheliverSymptoms Signselevation 提高 ofliverenzymes 酶 Causes HepatitisAvirus HAV Spreadby fecal 排泄物 粪便的 oralcontamination 污染 foodhandlers 给养员 incrowded unsanitaryconditions HepatitisBvirus HBV Causedby Blood bloodproducts sex HepatitisCvirus BCV transfusion 输血 渗透 HepatitisAvirus HAV T nospecifictreatmentRecommendation abstinenceofalcoholanddrugsduringrecoveryMostcasesofhepatitisAresolvethemselvesspontaneously TopreventhepatitisA rememberto Washhandswellafterusinganywashroom Eatonlyfreshlycookedfoods Drinkonlycommerciallybottledwaterorboiledwaterinplaceswheresanitationandthewatersupplyarenotquestionableanddonoteatnon peelablerawfruitsorvegetablesunlesscleanedthoroughly GetahepatitisAvaccinationbeforetravelingtoareassuchasMexico easternEuropeanddevelopingcountries Treatments Preventions Treatments Preventions HepatitisBvirus HBV T TheonlytreatmentforhepatitisBisrest combinedwithahighprotein highcarbohydratediettorepairdamagedlivercellsandprotecttheliver IfhepatitisBpersists thedoctormayrecommendanantiviralagentcalledinterferon干扰素 TopreventhepatitisB rememberto Tellyoursex partnersifyouareacarrier Practicesafesex Don tshareneedles razors toothbrushes manicuretoolsorotheritemsthatcouldbearcontaminatedblood GetthehepatitisBvaccinationseriesifyouareatrisk Don tallowyourselftobepiercedwithnon sterileequipment TopreventhepatitisC rememberto ifcarrier Coveropenwounds don tsharerazorsormanicuretools Practicesafesex Don tshareneedles razors toothbrushes manicuretoolsorotheritemsthatcouldbearcontaminatedblood Don tallowyourselftobepiercedwithnon sterileequipment Limitalcoholintake NevershareIVdrugneedlesorotherdrugequipment Treatments Preventions HepatitisCvirus BCV TheonlyapprovedtreatmentforhepatitisforhepatitisCvirus andtheonlyonewithdemonstratedefficacy isinterferonalfa 2b IntronA Causes Cirrhosis肝硬化 achronicliverdiseasesultimatedangerwithitscomplicationsandlivercancerSymptoms SignsHepatomgaly 肝肿大 edema jaundice 黄疸 Irreversible 不可逆的 damage Lobulararchitecture Diffuse 四散的 bandsofscartissuesurroundingnodulesofregeneratinghepatocytes Pathologicdiagnosis liverbiopsy活检 MicronodularNodulediameter 3mmMacronodularNodulediameter 3mm ResultsLifespans Decompensation hepaticfailure 代偿失调 呼吸困难 肝衰竭 Hepatocellularcarcinoma 肝细胞癌 Cholelithiasis胆石病 havingstonesinthegallbladderorbileducts胆管 cholecystitis胆囊炎 inflammationofthegallbladderStones cholesterol胆固醇 aningredientofbile Women men oralcontraceptives避孕药 hadseveralpregnanciesSymptoms SignsBiliarycolic胆绞痛intherightupperquadrant扇形体 nausea vomitingTreatments Drugsfordissolvinggallstones Cholecystectomy removalofthegallbladder Amajorabdominalincision腹部切口 Withalaparoscope腹腔镜throughasmallincision Appendicitis阑尾炎Symptoms Signs Discomfortinthenavelareathatshiftsintoasteady sharppaininthelowerrightabdomen Alower gradefevermaybepresentalongwithnauseatedvomitingandlossofappetite TreatmentsSurgicallyremoved delayintreatmentmaycausetheappendixtorupture断裂 resultingperitonitis腹膜炎 infectionoftheabdominalcavity life threateningcomplicationIntensiveantibiotictherapyrequired Occursinallagegroup butismostcommonbetweentheagesof5and30 Pancreatitis胰腺炎 anacuteorchronicinflammationofthepancreasSymptoms SignsSevere constant epigastric腹上部painthatradiatestotheback CausesGallstones alcohol pancreatitis inU S ResultsParalyticileus瘫痪性肠梗阻 pancreaticautodigestionnecrosis坏疽 edema Crohn sDisease克罗恩氏病 节段性回肠炎Ulcerativecolitis溃疡性结肠炎 Crohn sDisease节段性回肠炎 chronicinflammationofsegmentsoftheintestinalwallSymptoms SignsPain abscess脓肿 fistula瘘formation blockagesintheintestineTreatmentsSurgery Ulcerativecolitis溃疡性结肠炎 diffuse continuous superficial表面inflammationofthecolonthatbeginswithintherectum直肠andextendtoavariablelevel Treatments extentandseverityofthecondition Mild steroids类固醇 backpassage enema灌肠剂 suppositories栓剂 Severe steroids vein静脉Surgery Diverticulosis憩室病Symptoms Signs Diverticula smallpouches inthewalloftheintestine colonpresentsinlargenumber Pain bleedingCausesDietinlowfiberCollectionofwasteandbacteriainsacs囊 Diverticulitis憩室炎 Examinations TreatmentsX waystudy bariumenema钡餐Diet stool粪便softeners软化剂 drugstoreducemotility流动性 Colorectalcancers结肠直肠癌CausesLowinfiberandcalciumHighinfatHeredity遗传Polyps息肉 cancerous removed endoscopy内窥镜 ExaminationsBleedingintotheintestine asignofcancer betestedinstool Dukes classification rangfromAtoDaccordingtoseverity Endoscopeforinteriorspecificareaofintestine Proctoscope rectum sigmoidoscope sigmoidcolon乙状结肠 colonocope colon TreatmentsRemoveaportionofthegastrointestinaltractCreatastoma opening foreliminationofwasteOstomy造口术 ileostomy ileum 回肠造口术 colostomy colon Gastroduodenos