非谓语动词讲解.ppt

非谓语动词考点总结 非谓语动词使用条件 一个句子当中 已经存在一个主句 谓语动词 又没有连词的情况下 还有别的动词出现时 Shegotoffthebus leavingherhandbagonherseat Shegotoffthebus butleftherhandbagonherseat 非谓语动词的句法功能 可充当成分 主语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语 定语 状语 一 不定式 不定式运用口诀本领最多不定式 主 表 宾 补 定和状 样样成分都能干 只有谓语它不敢 大家千万要当心 有时它把句型改 作主宾时用 it 自己在后把身藏 七个感官三使役 宾补要把to甩开 疑问词后接上它 宾语从句可充当 逻辑主语不定式 不定式前forsb to前not是否定 各种用法区别开 不定式在七个感官动词see hear feel watch find notice listento 三个使役动词let have make等后作宾补时 to要省略 1 不定式作主语 Toloseyourheartmeansfailure Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob Todotwothingsatatimeistodoneither 2 不定式作宾语 Youneedn tbothertocomeyourself Theyareconsideringwhattodonext Somewhowerefamousintheirowntimeswouldfinditdifficulttoachievesuccesstoday afford promise refuse expect hope learn offer wish want fail plan agree forget like prefer decide manage try arrange determine desire 1 Ithinkyou llgrow himwhenyouknowhimbetter A likingB tobelikeC tolikeD tobeliking 2 Idon tknowwhetheryouhappen butI mgoingtostudyintheU S A thisSeptember A tobeheardB tobehearingC tohearD tohaveheard 3 不定式作表语 Whatshewantstodomostnowis to travelabroad Themostimportantthingistotakemeasurestopreventthepollution 主语的内容或性质 HeistomarryRose 表按计划要做的事情 4 不定式作定语 Ineedapentowritewith CharlesLindberghisthefirstmantoflytheAtlanticalone Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant 5 不定式作宾语补足语 Weoftenhearhersingthesongathome Myteacheraskedmetogothereontime Shewasconsideredtohavestolenthemoney see watch notice hear listento observe feel taste smell make let have Myadvisorencouraged asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills A formetakingB metakingC formetotakeD metotake 6 不定式作目的状语 Timsatnearthefiretogetwarm Theathletespractisedhardtowinthematch 相当于用inorder not to soas not to引导的目的状语 1 Helenhadtoshout abovethesoundofthemusic A makingherselfhearB tomakeherselfhearC makingherselfheardD tomakeherselfheard2 Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately intimeforChristmas A inordertohavereceivedB inordertoreceiveC soastobereceivedD soastobereceiving 3 moreaboutuniversitycourses call 920 746 3789 A TofindoutB FindingoutC FindoutD Havingfoundout4 Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjust alookatthesportsstars A hadB havingC tohaveD have 7 不定式作结果状语 常用enoughto sufficient充足to onlyto neverto so 形容词 副词 asto such 名词 astodo引导 Wouldyoubesokindastostepthisway please Itriedthedoor onlytofinditlockedinside HeisbraveenoughtogooutaloneatnightI mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat 1 Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport only thefilmstarshadleft A totellB tobetoldC tellingD told2 Hehurriedtothestationonly thatthetrainhadleft tofindB findingC foundD tohavefound 8 不定式作原因状语 常放在表示心理感觉的形容词后Iamhappytoseeyou Shewassadtohearthebadnews 9 不定式的完成式 表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作 Thenovelwassaidtohavebeenpublished Iregrettohavebeenwithyouforsomanyyears seem appear besaid besupposed bebelieved bethought beknown bereported等动词常用于上面句型 此外 glad happy satisfied sorry surprised disappointed后也接完成时 但要注意与一般时的区别 I msorrytokeepyouwaitingforaminute 对不起 请稍等 说话时还未等 I msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting 对不起 让你久等了 说话时已等了很久 1 Youweresillynot yourcar tolockB tohavelockedC lockingD havinglocked2 Idon tknowwhetheryouhappen butI mgoingtostudyintheU S A thisSeptember A tobeheardB tobehearingC tohearD tohaveheard3 IsBobstillperforming I mafraidnot Heissaid thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial tohaveleftB toleaveC tohavebeenleftD tobeleft 10 不定式的省略现象 不定式在感官动词see hear feel watch notice lookat listento overhear observe和使役动词have make let后作宾语补足语时 不定式省略to 例Iwatchedhimdisappearinthedistance 介词but except besides后接不定式作宾语时 介词前有行为动词do 不定式要省去to 例Wedidnothingbut exceptwaitthen 不定式符号to作表语时的省略 当主语部分有行为动词do 作表语的不定式to可省略 例 WhatIwanttodonowisfindsomebookstoread 1 Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople A haveitdoB haveitdoneC havedoneitD havingitdone2 We vemissedthelastbus I mafraidwehavenochoicebut ataxi A totakeB takingC takeD taken 11 不定式后动词的省略 动词love mean want hate like wish expect hope try intend plan refuse prefer seem及beglad pleased delighted happy to等后面接不定式时 为避免重复 常省略与上文相同的动词 只保留to不定式符号 1 WouldyouliketogototheGreatTheatrewithmetonight A Yes IwouldliketogototheGreatTheaterwithyoutonight B I dloveto butIhaveanexamtomorrow C No Iwouldn tD That sallright2 DoesyourbrotherintendtostudyGermany Yes heintends A B toC soD that 句式wouldhavedone shouldhavedone oughttohavedone needn thavedone usedtobe 等省略形式为wouldhave shouldhave oughttohave needn thave usedtobe 要保留不定式后的be或have 例 Areyouasailor No butIusedtobe asailor 1 Heaskedmetohelphimrepairhisradio butIdon tknow todoitB howtoC whattodoitD howtodo2 Hisvoicemademe terrible TofeelB feelC feelsD felt3 Myparentstoldme peoplewhentheyareintrouble neverlaughatB nottolaughatdon tlaughatD notlaughat4 It sbadmanners rudetopeople tobeB areC beD tobeing5 It sinteresting ustotakepartinthegames A ofB toC forD at 6 Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier itmoredifficult AnotmakeBnottomakeCnotmakingDdonotmake7 I veworkedwithchildrenbefore soIknowwhat inmynewjob A expectedB toexpectCtobeexpectingDexpects8 Pauldoesn thavetobemade Healwaysworkshard A learnB tolearnC learnedD learning9 Iwouldlove tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport A togoB tohavegoneC goingD havinggone 二 动名词 充当成分 主语宾语表语定语 1 动名词作主语 Seeingisbelieving Playingchessisfun It snousewaitinghere 2 动名词作表语 Thenurse sjobislookingafterthepatients Thenurseislookingafterthepatients 3 动名词作宾语 下列动词后只能接动名词 suggest finish avoid stop can thelp mind enjoy require practise miss escape pardon advise consider imagine keep appreciate escape permit Doyoumindmyopeningthewindows 下列动词短语接动名词 leaveoff putoff giveup lookforwardto feellike havetrouble difficulty in doingsth devoteto getusedto payattentionto befondof beworth IamusedtowatchingTVintheevening 4 动名词作定语 动名词作定语时 动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系 readingtextasleepingbagawalkingstickrunningwaterdevelopingcountry IamusedtowatchingTVintheevening Sheregretnothavingstudiedthecomputerhard Hisbeinglookeddownuponmadehimsick Ican treallystandbeingtreatedlikethat 5 动名词的时态和语态 1 Themaninsisted ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby A findB tofindC onfindingD infinding2 It snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp A TohavehadB HavinghadC HaveD Having 练习 3 Ireallycan tunderstand herlikethat youtreatB youtotreatC whytreatD youtreating4 Hegotwell preparedforthejobinterview forhecouldn trisk thegoodopportunity toloseB losingC tobelostD beinglost 三 分词 现在分词与过去分词 充当成分 宾语补足语 表语 定语 状语 一 现在分词 1 现在分词作状语 现在分词可在句中作时间 原因 伴随 条件 结果等状语 V ing形式作状语 可表时间 原因 方式 结果 条件 让步 伴随或陪衬等含义 相当于一个对应的状语从句所表达的意思 Walkinginthestreet Icameacrossanoldfriend WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet Icameacrossanoldfriend Beingill hedidn tgotoschool Ashewasill hedidn tgotoschool Laughingandtalking theywentintotheclassroom 方式 Ifyouuseyourhead youwillfindaway Thoughweighingalmostonehundredjin theboxwasliftedbyhimwithonehand Weweresittingbythewindow talkingaboutwhathappenedyesterday 伴随 解析 1 当v ing形式作状语时 若它所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前 需用havingdone2 v ing形式作状语时 其逻辑主语必须和主语保持一致 否则必须带有自己的逻辑主语 Usingyourhead youwillfindaway Thoughitweighes 注意 现在分词作状语的几个特性 时间性 与谓语动词同时发生 用一般时 如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式havingdone 语态性 与句子的主语之间的关系 是主谓关系或动宾关系 遵循的规则 主动进行 被动完成 人称一致性 分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语 1 theprogramme theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks NotcompletingB NotcompletedC NotcompletingD Nothavingcompleted 2 Themanager itcleartousthathedidn tagreewithus leftthemeetingroom A whohasmadeB havingmadeC madeD making3 Thestormleft alotofdamagetothisarea A causedB tohavecausedC tocauseD havingcaused 4 fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld A BeingseparatedB HavingseparatedC HavingbeenseparatedD Tobeseparated 2 现在分词作定语 1 Thepicture onthewallispaintedbymynephew A havinghungB hangingC hangsD beinghung 2 ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV therearepictures inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes A toformB formC formingD havingformed3 Theflowers sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature A tosmellB smellingC smeltD tobesmelt 二 过去分词 1 过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语 相当于一个状语从句 用来说明原因 时间 条件等 分词短语作状语时 通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致 但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语 这种结构称为独立主格结构 如 Hergrandfatherbeingill shehadtostayathomelookingafterhim 过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语 修饰谓语 大多说明动作发生的背景或情景 表示时间 条件 原因 让步 伴随情况等 一般说来 这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语 a 表示时间 Seenfromthespace theearthlooksblue Whenitisseenfromspace theearthlooksblue b 表示条件 Keptinrefrigerator thesevegetableswillremainfresh Iftheyarekeptinrefrigerator thesevegetableswillremainfresh c 表示原因 d 表示伴随情况 e 表示让步 Deeplymovedbythestory thechildrenbegantocry Astheyweredeeplymoved thechildrenbegantocry Shewalkedoutofthehouse followedbyherlittledaughter Shewalkedoutofthehouse andwasfollowedbyherlittledaughter Beatenbytheenemy herefusedtoletoutthesecret Althoughhewasbeatenbytheenemy herefusedtoletoutthesecret 1 withthesizeofthewholeearth thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall A CompareB WhencomparingC ComparingD Whencompared2 inthemountainsforaweek thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpoliceA HavinglostB LostC BeinglostD Losing 2 过去分词作定语 1 LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany as3M A knowingB knownC beingknownD tobeknown 3 分词作宾补 1 跟分词作宾补的动词有 catch haveget keep hear find feel leave make want start notice observe watch set等2 在复合宾语中 用现在分词作宾补 说明宾语是动作的发出者 形成逻辑上的主谓关系 用过去分词作宾补 表示宾语是动作的承受者 构成逻辑上的动宾关系 Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldn tmakehimselfheard Whenheawoke hefoundhimselfbeinglookedafterbyanoldwoman 如 1 Don tleavethewater whileyoubrushyourteeth A runB runningC beingrunD torun2 Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents worriedB toworryC worryingD worry 3 Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow You vehadit oftenenough A explainingB toexplainC explainD explained 非谓语动词的其他考点 1 主语一致 1 Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists A doctorscanetotheirrescueB thetallbuildingcollapsedC anemergencymeasurewastakenD warningsweregiventotourists 2 Whilewatchingtelevision A thedoorbellrangB thedoorbellringsC weheardthedoorbellringD weheardthedoorbellrings 2 with的复合结构 with 名词 doingtododone 1 Icouldn tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise A goingonB goesonC wentonD togoon2 andnowaytoreduceherpainandsufferingfromtheterribledisease thepatientsoughtherdoctor shelptoendherlife A HavinggivenuphopeofcureB WithnohopeforcureC TherebeinghopeforcureD Inthehopeofcure 非谓语动词练习 Canyousparemesometime I mafraidnot Ihavelotsofletters doingwithB todoforC todealD todealwithIcan tunderstand atthatpoorchild youtolaughB youlaughingC youlaughD whylaugh Don tusewords expressionsorphrases onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge 02beingknownB havingknownC tobeknownD known tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone sskin 02A ExposedB HavingexposedC BeingexposedD Afterbeingexposed Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto 03thethiefhavingcaughtB catchthethiefC thethiefbeingcaughtD thethieftobecaughtGenerallyspeaking when accordingtothedirections thedrughasnosideeffect 03takingB takenC totakeD tobetaken moreattention thetreescouldhavegrownbetter A TogiveB HavinggivenC GivenD GivingIwouldlove tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport A togoB tohavegoneC goingD havinggone Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars roadconditionsneed 03A that tobeimprovedB which tobeimprovedC where improvingD when improving Thedaywelookedforwardto A comeB comingC hascomeD havecomeThedisc digitally inthestudio soundedfantasticattheparty 04A recordedB recordingC toberecordedD havingrecorded Shesetoutsoonafterdark homeanhourlater A arrivingB toarriveC havingarrivedD andarrivedThestudentsexpectedthere morereviewingclassesbeforethefindexam A isB beingC havebeenD tobe intouseinApril2000 thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns 05PutB PuttingC HavingputD BeingputHeisratherdifficulttomakefriendswith butthefriendshipofhis istruerthananyother A oncegainedB whentogainC aftergainedD whilegaining Thefirsttextbooks forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury havingbeenwrittenB tobewrittenC beingwrittenD writtenThevisitingministerexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere havingaddedB toaddC addingD added Thebell theendoftheclassrang ourheateddiscussion 01indicating interruptingB indicated interruptingC indicating interruptedD indicated interruptedThesalesmanscoldedthegirlcaught andleftheroff tohavestolenB tobestealingC tostealD stealing Theoldman abroadfortwentyyears isonthewaybacktohismotherland A toworkB workingC tohaveworkedD havingworked Youwerebrav