FunctionalistTranslationTheories-功能派翻译理论(精).ppt

FunctionalistApproaches FunctionalistApproaches FunctionalistApproaches FunctionalistApproaches FunctionalistApproaches FunctionalistApproaches 卡塔琳娜 莱思 KatharinaReiss 功能主义翻译批评理论 即文本类型理论 Texttypology 汉斯 弗米尔 HansJ Vermeer 目的论 Skopostheorie 贾斯特 霍斯 曼特瑞 JustaHolz M ntt ri 翻译行为理论 TheoryofTranslationalAction 克里丝汀 诺德 ChristianeNord 功能加忠诚理论 FunctionplusLoyalty FunctionalistApproaches HansVermeer 1978 ReissandVermeer 1984 JustaHolz M ntt ri 1984 ChristianeNord 1988 linguistic formaltheoriese g equivalence functional socioculturaltheories Actiontheory Textlinguistics Receptiontheories Communicationtheory FunctionalistApproaches Skopostheory Skoposaim intention objective purpose Skopostheory Translationisaformofhumanaction translationalaction AllhumanactionhasapurposeSkopos purposeofatranslationAllhumanactionhasanoutcomeTranslatum translat outcomeofatranslation translator initiator receiver source textproducer source textreceiver commissioner user sourcetext client Skopostheory Skoposrule purposeofTT targettext determinestranslationmethodsandstrategies Skopostheory Skoposruleexplained Translate interpret speak writeinawaythatenablesyourtext translationtofunctioninthesituationinwhichitisusedwiththepeoplewhowanttouseitandpreciselyinthewaytheywantittofunction Vermeer1989 Skopostheory TranslationdecisionsareNOTdeterminedby SourceText ST SourceText seffectsonrecipientsfunctionassignedtoSourceTextbyauthor Skopostheory Translationdecisionsaredeterminedby theprospectivefunctionoftheTT asdeterminedbytheTTuser sneeds Skopostheory Coherencerule TTmustbesufficientlycoherenttoallowTTuserstocomprehendit giventheirassumedbackgroundknowledgeandsituationalcircumstances Skopostheory Fidelityrule SomerelationshipbetweenSTandtranslatummustremain onceskoposprincipleandcoherencerulehavebeensatisfied Skopostheory SkoposCoherenceFidelity Skopostheory Skopostheory Istherejustonepossibletranslatumforanygivensourcetext ST TranslationSituation1 Skopos1TranslationSituation2 Skopos2TranslationSituation3 Skopos3 TT1 TT3 TT2 Skopostheory FunctionalisminLiteraryTranslation Skopossuggestions Skopossuggestion1 Thetranslatorinterpretsthesourcetextnotonlywithregardtothesender sintentionbutalsowithregardtoitscompatibilitywiththetargetsituation Skopossuggestion2 Thetargettextshouldbecomposedinsuchawaythatitfulfilsfunctionsinthetargetsituationthatarecompatiblewiththesender sintention FunctionalisminLiteraryTranslation Skopossuggestion3 Thetextworldofthetranslationshouldbeselectedaccordingtotheintendedtarget textfunction Skopossuggestion4 Thecodeelementsshouldbeselectedinsuchawaythatthetarget texteffectcorrespondstotheintendedtarget textfunctions Nord2001 92 93 FunctionalisminLiteraryTranslation Functionalism canwidennarrowvisions showingthepossibilityofagreatervarietyofliterarytranslations Nord 2001 103 FunctionplusLoyalty Culture specificexpectations TTwillgiveSTauthor sopinionTTwillreproduceSTfeaturesTTwillbefluent readable FunctionplusLoyalty Translatorsarenotalwaysobligedtodoexactlywhatthereadersexpect Yetthereisamoralresponsibilitynottodeceivethem p 125 Loyalty responsibilityoftranslatorstowardtheirpartnersintranslationalinteraction FunctionplusLoyalty FidelityLoyalty ST TT FunctionplusLoyalty Theloyaltyprincipleaddstwoimportantqualitiestothefunctionalapproach Obligesthetranslatortotakeintoaccountprevailingconceptsoftranslationindifferentcultures Inducesthetranslatortorespectthesender sindividualcommunicativeintentions Nord2001 126 FunctionplusLoyalty Nord Mypersonalversionofthefunctionalistapproachthusstandsontwopillars functionplusloyalty Itispreciselythecombinationofthetwothatmatters eventhoughtheremaybecaseswheretheyseemtocontradicteachother Nord2001 126 Insummary Notonlydid theSkopostheory accountfordifferentstrategiesindifferenttranslationsituations inwhichsourcetextsarenottheonlyfactorinvolved butitalsocoincidedwithachangeofparadigminquiteafewdisciplines amongthemlinguistics whichhaddevelopedastrongerfocusoncommunicationasasocial culture boundoccurrence ontheindividualsinvolved onthespatiotemporalconditionsofcommunication andoncommunicativeintentionsandfunctions It seemedtobeexactlythetranslationalmodelthatwasneeded Nord2001 123 Endofthislesson Communicationtheory Whosayswhatinwhichchanneltowhomwithwhateffect D H Lasswell 1948 Communicationtheory Linguistictheoryisconcernedprimarilywithanidealspeaker listener inacompletelyhomogeneousspeech community whoknowsitslanguageperfectlyandisunaffectedbysuchgrammaticallyirrelevantconditionsasmemorylimitations distractions shiftsofattentionandinterest anderrors randomorcharacteristicinapplyinghisknowledgeofthelanguageinactualperformance NoamChomsky 1965 AspectsoftheTheoryofSyntax socio culturalbackground situation Communicationtheory communication participant participant text norm function purpose Actiontheory Actionmeans intentionallybringingaboutorpreventingachangeintheworld innature vonWright冯 赖特 1963 Translationasaction translationalaction behaviour Intentional action unidirectional person person bi directional interaction non intentional person object Translationasaction translationalaction person person non communicative communicative intercultural intracultural withamediator withoutamediator Translationasaction translationalaction withamediator translationalaction withsourcetext withoutsourcetext Translationasaction translationalaction translationalaction withoutsourcetext withsourcetext cross culturalconsulting cross culturaltechnicalwriting oral interpreting written Translationasinterpersonalinteraction translator initiator receiver source textproducer source textreceiver commissioner user sourcetext targettext sender client addressee Textlinguistics Textsfallintodifferenttypeswhichperformdifferentfunctionsanddisplaydifferentformalfeatures Textlinguistics KarlB hler smodeloflanguage Languageisatoolbywhicha sender maycommunicatetoa receiver Itemployssignswhichhavethreeaspects whichcorrespondtothreefunctions expressive appellative andrepresentational 表达功能 召唤功能 描述功能 K B hler 1934 Textlinguistics Norddiscussesfourtextfunctions ThereferentialfunctionTheexpressivefunctionTheappellativefunctionThephaticfunction Nord2001 Receptiontheories Theoriesgaininginfluencesincethe1960 s suchasShiftofattentionfromtextproductiontotextreception andhencefromauthortoreader Theconceptofthe realization ofatext the dynamic conceptof meaning Thespatial temporalfactorinthereception Importantworks Vermeer HansJ 1978 EinRahmenf reineallgemeineTranslationstheorie AFrameworkforaGeneralTheoryofTranslation Importantworks Reiss KatharinaandHansJ Vermeer 1984 GrundlegungeinerallgemeinenTrans