绕线转子异步电动机控制线路.ppt

课题八绕线转子异步电动机的控制线路 YR系列符号 绕线转子三相异步电动机 可以通过滑环在转子绕组中串接电阻来改善电动机的机械特性 从而达到减小启动电流 增大启动转矩以及调节转速的目的 一 转子绕组串接电阻启动控制线路 1 转子串接三相电阻启动原理启动时 在转子回路串入作Y形连接 分级切换的三相启动电阻器 以减小启动电流 增加启动转矩 随着电动机转速的升高 逐级减小可变电阻 启动完毕后 切除可变电阻器 转子绕组被直接短接 电动机便在额定状态下运行 转子串接三相对称电阻器 转子串接三相不对称电阻器 2 按钮操作控制线路 L1L2L3 FU1 KM1 FU2 KH SB5 QS SB1 KM2 KM3 KM KM1 KM3 KM2 KM1 KM3 KM2 KM R1 R2 R3 KH SB2 SB3 SB4 电路组成分析 KM L1L2L3 KM1 SB5 SB1 KM2 KM3 KM KM1 KM3 KM2 KM1 KM KM3 KM2 KM R1 R2 R3 SB2 SB3 SB4 合上QS按下SB1绕线转子串联全部电阻启动 FU1 FU2 QS KH KH L1L2L3 KM1 SB5 SB1 KM2 KM3 KM KM1 KM3 KM2 KM1 KM KM3 KM2 KM R1 R2 R3 SB2 SB3 SB4 按下SB2KM1线圈得电KM1触头闭合绕线转子串联R2 R3启动 FU1 FU2 QS KH KH L1L2L3 KM1 SB5 SB1 KM2 KM3 KM KM1 KM3 KM2 KM1 KM KM3 KM2 KM R1 R2 R3 SB2 SB3 SB4 按下SB3KM2线圈得电KM2触头闭合绕线转子串联R3启动 FU1 FU2 QS KH KH L1L2L3 KM1 SB5 SB1 KM2 KM3 KM KM1 KM3 KM2 KM1 KM KM3 KM2 KM R1 R2 R3 SB2 SB3 SB4 按下SB4KM3线圈得电KM3触头闭合绕线转子切除全部电阻运行 FU1 FU2 QS KH KH L1L2L3 KM1 SB5 SB1 KM2 KM3 KM KM1 KM3 KM2 KM1 KM KM3 KM2 KM SB2 SB3 SB4 松开SB4电动机继续运行 R1 R2 R3 FU1 FU2 QS KH KH 3 时间继电器自动控制线路 L1L2L3 FU1 KM1 FU2 KH SB2 QS SB1 KM2 KM3 KM KM KT3 KM3 KM2 KM1 KM3 KM2 KM1 KM R1 KT1 KT2 KT3 R2 R3 KM KM1 KM2 KM3 KM3 KT1 KT2 KH 电路组成分析 L1L2L3 SB2 SB1 KM3 KM KM KT3 KM2 KM1 KM3 KM2 KM1 R1 R2 R3 KM KM1 KM2 KM3 KM3 KT1 KT2 合上QS按下SB1KM线圈得电 KM1 KM2 KM3 KM KT1 KT2 KT3 FU1 FU2 KH QS KH L1L2L3 M3 SB2 SB1 KM3 KM KM KT3 KM2 KM1 KM3 KM2 KM1 R1 R2 R3 KM KM1 KM2 KM3 KM3 KT1 KT2 KM触头闭合绕线转子串联全部电阻启动KT1线圈得电 KM1 KM2 KM3 KM KT1 KT2 KT3 FU1 FU2 KH QS KH L1L2L3 M3 SB2 SB1 KM3 KM KM KT3 KM2 KM1 KM3 KM2 KM1 R1 R2 R3 KM KM1 KM2 KM3 KM3 KT1 KT2 KT1延时闭合触头闭合KM1线圈得电 KM1 KM2 KM3 KM KT1 KT2 KT3 FU1 FU2 KH QS KH L1L2L3 M3 SB2 SB1 KM3 KM KM KT3 KM2 KM1 KM3 KM2 KM1 R1 R2 R3 KM KM1 KM2 KM3 KM3 KT1 KT2 KM1触头闭合绕线转子串联R2 R3启动KT2线圈得电 KM1 KM2 KM3 KM KT1 KT2 KT3 FU1 FU2 KH QS KH L1L2L3 M3 SB2 SB1 KM3 KM KM KT3 KM2 KM1 KM3 KM2 KM1 R1 R2 R3 KM KM1 KM2 KM3 KM3 KT1 KT2 KT2延时闭合触头闭合KM2线圈得电 KM1 KM2 KM3 KM KT1 KT2 KT3 FU1 FU2 KH QS KH L1L2L3 M3 SB2 SB1 KM3 KM KM KT3 KM2 KM1 KM3 KM2 KM1 R1 R2 R3 KM KM1 KM2 KM3 KM3 KT1 KT2 KM2触头闭合绕线转子串联R3启动KT3线圈得电 KM1 KM2 KM3 KM KT1 KT2 KT3 FU1 FU2 KH QS KH L1L2L3 M3 SB2 SB1 KM3 KM KM KT3 KM2 KM1 KM3 KM2 KM1 R1 R2 R3 KM KM1 KM2 KM3 KM3 KT1 KT2 KT3延时闭合触头闭合KM3线圈得电 KM1 KM2 KM3 KM KT1 KT2 KT3 FU1 FU2 KH QS KH L1L2L3 M3 SB2 SB1 KM3 KM KM KT3 KM2 KM1 KM3 KM2 KM1 R1 R2 R3 KM KM1 KM2 KM3 KM3 KT1 KT2 KM3触头闭合绕线转子切除全部电阻运行 KM1 KM2 KM3 KM KT1 KT2 KT3 FU1 FU2 KH QS KH L1L2L3 M3 SB2 SB1 KM3 KM KM KT3 KM2 KM1 KM3 KM2 KM1 R1 R2 R3 KM KM1 KM2 KM3 KM3 KT1 KT2 KM3动断触头断开KT1线圈失电KT1触头断开KM1线圈失电KM1触头断开KT2线圈失电KT2触头断开电动机继续运转 KM1 KM2 KM3 KM KT1 KT2 KT3 FU1 FU2 KH QS KH 4 电流继电器自动控制电路 L1L2L3 FU1 3 FU2 KH SB2 QS SB1 KM KM KA1 KM2 KM R2 R1 KA2 KH KA1 KA KM3 KA3 R3 KA3 KM1 KM1 KM2 KM3 KA2 KA KM KM1 KM2 KM3 电路组成分析 L1L2L3 FU1 3 SB2 SB1 KM KM KA1 KM2 KM R2 R1 KA2 KA1 KA KM3 KA3 R3 KA3 KM1 KM1 KM2 KM3 KA2 KA KM KM1 KM2 KM3 合上QS按下SB1KM线圈得电 FU2 KH QS KH L1L2L3 FU1 3 SB2 SB1 KM KM KA1 KM2 KM R2 R1 KA2 KA1 KA KM3 KA3 R3 KA3 KM1 KM1 KM2 KM3 KA2 KA KM KM1 KM2 KM3 KM触头闭合绕线转子串联全部电阻启动K 线圈得电 FU2 KH QS KH L1L2L3 FU1 3 SB2 SB1 KM KM KA1 KM2 KM R2 R1 KA2 KA1 KA KM3 KA3 R3 KA3 KM1 KM1 KM2 KM3 KA2 KA KM KM1 KM2 KM3 KA动合触头闭合因启动电流大 KA1 KA2 KA3的动断触头断开 继续串联全部电阻启动 FU2 KH QS KH L1L2L3 FU1 3 SB2 SB1 KM KM KA1 KM2 KM R2 R1 KA2 KA1 KA KM3 KA3 R3 KA3 KM1 KM1 KM2 KM3 KA2 KA KM KM1 KM2 KM3 因速度加快 电流减小 KA1欠电流 动断触头闭合KM1线圈得电KM1触头闭合串联R2 R3继续启动 FU2 KH QS KH L1L2L3 FU1 3 SB2 SB1 KM KM KA1 KM2 KM R2 R1 KA2 KA1 KA KM3 KA3 R3 KA3 KM1 KM1 KM2 KM3 KA2 KA KM KM1 KM2 KM3 因速度再加快电流继续减小KA2欠电流 动断触头闭合KM2线圈得电KM2触头闭合串联R3继续启动 FU2 KH QS KH L1L2L3 FU1 3 SB2 SB1 KM KM KA1 KM2 KM R2 R1 KA2 KA1 KA KM3 KA3 R3 KA3 KM1 KM1 KM2 KM3 KA2 KA KM KM1 KM2 KM3 因速度再加快电流继续减小KA3欠电流 动断触头闭合KM3线圈得电KM3触头闭合切除全部电阻全速运行 FU2 KH QS KH 二 转子绕组串联频敏变阻器启动控制线路 频敏变阻器是一种阻抗值随频率明显变化 静止的无触点电磁元件 它实质上是一个铁心损耗非常大的三相电抗器 在电动机启动时 将频敏变阻器串接在转子绕组中 启动完毕短接切除频敏变阻器 L1L2L3 FU1 FU2 QS KM1 KM1 KM2 RF KT KM2 KM1 KH SB2 SB1 KT KM2 KM2 KM2 电路组成分析 KH L1L2L3 FU1 KM1 KM1 KM2 RF SB2 SB1 KT KM2 KM2 合上QS按下SB1KM1线圈得电KT线圈得电 KT KM2 KM1 KM2 FU2 QS KH KH L1L2L3 FU1 KM1 KM1 KM2 RF SB2 SB1 KT KM2 KM2 KM1触头闭合电动机串联频敏电阻启动 KT KM2 KM1 KM2 FU2 QS KH KH L1L2L3 FU1 KM1 KM1 KM2 RF SB2 SB1 KT KM2 KM2 KT延时闭合触头闭合KM2线圈得电KM2触头闭合切除频敏电阻电动机全速运行 KT KM2 KM1 KM2 FU2 QS KH KH L1L2L3 FU1 KM1 KM1 KM2 RF SB2 SB1 KT KM2 KM2 KT线圈失电KT延时闭合触头复位电动机继续全速运行 KT KM2 KM1 KM2 FU2 QS KH KH 三 凸轮控制器控制线路中 小容量绕线转子异步电动机的启动 调速及正反转控制 常常采用凸轮控制器来实现 以简化操作 如桥式起重机上大部分采用这种控制线路 L1L2L3 QS AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5 54321012345 反转零位正转 KA1 SB2 SB1 AC12 SQ1 SA10 KM KA2 AC10 SQ2 AC11 AC FU1 FU1 KA1 KA2 AC1 AC4 AC2 AC3 电路组成分析 KM KM 正转 L1L2L3 QS AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5 54321012345 反转零位正转 KA1 SB2 SB1 AC12 SQ1 SA10 KM KA2 AC10 SQ2 AC11 AC FU1 FU1 KA1 KA2 AC1 AC4 AC2 AC3 合上QS 按下SB1 KM KM L1L2L3 QS AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5 54321012345 反转零位正转 KA1 SB2 SB1 AC12 SQ1 SA10 KM KA2 AC10 SQ2 AC11 AC FU1 FU1 KA1 KA2 AC1 AC4 AC2 AC3 KM触头闭合 KM KM L1L2L3 QS AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5 SA10 SA11 SA12 SA1 SA2 SA3 SA4 SA5 SA6 SA7 SA8 SA9 54321012345 反转零位正转 KA1 SB2 SB1 AC12 SQ1 SA10 KM KA2 AC10 SQ2 AC11 AC FU1 FU1 KA1 KA2 AC1 AC4 AC2 AC3 手轮转到 正 位置 KM KM L1L2L3 QS AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5 SA10 SA11 SA12 SA1 SA2 SA3 SA4 SA5 SA6 SA7 SA8 SA9 54321012345 反转零位正转 KA1 SB2 SB1 AC12 SQ1 SA10 KM KA2 AC10 SQ2 AC11 AC FU1 FU1 KA1 KA2 AC1 AC4 AC2 AC3 手轮转到 正 位置 KM KM L1L2L3 QS AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5 SA10 SA11 SA12 SA1 SA2 SA3 SA4 SA5 SA6 SA7 SA8 SA9 54321012345 反转零位正转 KA1 SB2 SB1 AC12 SQ1 SA10 KM KA2 AC10 SQ2 AC11 AC FU1 FU1 KA1 KA2 AC1 AC4 AC2 AC3 手轮转到 正 位置 KM KM L1L2L3 QS AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5 SA10 SA11 SA12 SA1 SA2 SA3 SA4 SA5 SA6 SA7 SA8 SA9 54321012345 反转零位正转 KA1 SB2 SB1 AC12 SQ1 SA10 KM KA2 AC10 SQ2 AC11 AC FU1 FU1 KA1 KA2 AC1 AC4 AC2 AC3 手轮转到 正 位置 KM KM L1L2L3 QS AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5 SA10 SA11 SA12 SA1 SA2 SA3 SA4 SA5 SA6 SA7 SA8 SA9 54321012345 反转零位正转 KA1 SB2 SB1 AC12 SQ1 SA10 KM KA2 AC10 SQ2 AC11 AC FU1 FU1 KA1 KA2 AC1 AC4 AC2 AC3 手轮转到 正 位置 KM KM 反转 L1L2L3 QS AC8AC9AC7AC6AC5 5432101