lecture-7-梅尔维尔-朗费罗解读.ppt

ThemesofMobyDick 1 SearchfortruthThestorydealswiththehumanpursuitoftruthandthemeaningofexistence 2 ConflictbetweenGoodandEvil 3 ConflictbetweenManandNature 4 Isolationbetweenmanandman manandnature manandsociety Symbols 1 ThePequodThePequodisasymbolofdoom Itispaintedagloomyblackandcoveredinwhaleteethandbones literallybristlingwiththemementosofviolentdeath Itis infact markedfordeath Adornedlikeaprimitivecoffin thePequodbecomesone 2 MobyDickMobyDickpossessesvarioussymbolicmeaningsforvariousindividuals 1 Symbolofnatureforhumanbeings becauseitismysterious powerful unknown 2 SymbolofevilfortheCaptainAhab 3 Symbolofgoodandpuritybecauseofitswhiteness 3VoyageofthePequodSymbolofthepursuitofideals adventure andthehuntinthevastwilderness 4 AhabSymbolofrevengeandthenevil 5 StarbuckSymbolofgoodandnoble 6 SeaSymbolofvastness loneliness andisolation Analysis AmbiguityFirst itcanbeunderstoodasatragedyofmanfightingagainstoverwhelmingoddsinanindifferentandevenhostileuniverse Thus CaptainAhabisaherowhodarestofightthoughhefailedatlast Then itcanbeunderstoodasabittersatire CaptainAhabbelievedinhisownpower ahumanbeing spower toomuchandthushedoomedtofail becausehuman spowerislimitedandthereisamysteriousthingexistedintheuniversewhichcontrolledman slifeandcannotbeunderstoodbyhumanbeing Nowadayssomenewresearchindicatedthatthestorymeansmanshouldprotectthenatureotherwisemanwillbepunished 白鲸 故事以第一人称叙述 叙述者是有时比拟为作者的伊什梅尔 他受雇于 裴郭德号 出海猎鲸 船长亚哈是个狡猾老练的水手 计划向一只前次航行中毁了他一条腿的白鲸莫比复仇 大副斯达巴克试图说服放弃复仇的计划 但疯狂的老人胁迫他遵从命令 在寻找莫比的过程中 他们捕到了一些鲸鱼 后来 他们发现了白鲸莫比 亚哈在与之交战三昼夜后 用鱼叉刺中莫比 白鲸被激怒了 将床撞沉 所有水手只有伊什梅尔被救起 得以讲述此故事 1851年梅尔维尔出版 白鲸 这部小说以充实的思想内容 史诗般的规模和沉郁瑰奇的文笔 成为杰出的作品 HenryWadsworthLongfellow 1807 1882 朗费罗 HebecamethefirstAmericanpoettobehonoredwithabustinthereveredPoet sCornerofWestminsterAbbeyinLondon England Life HenryWadsworthLongfellowwasborninPortland MaineLongfellowwasearlyfondofreading WashingtonIrving sSketchBookwashisfavoriteAmongLongfellow sclassmatesatBowdoinCollegewasNathanielHawthorne whomhehelpedlaterreviewingwarmlyhisTwice ToldTales Aftergraduatingin1825hetraveledinItaly FranceandSpainfrom1826to1829 andreturnedtotheUnitedStatestoworkasaprofessorandlibrarianinBodwoin QueenVictoria whowashisgreatadmirer invitedhimtotea Thepoet s70thbirthdayin1877wascelebratedaroundthecountry LongfellowdiedinCambridgeonMarch24 1882 InLondonhismarbleimageisseeninWestminsterAbbey inthePoet sCorner Works TheSongofHiawatha海华沙之歌 美国人写的第一部印第安人史诗 VoicesoftheNight夜吟 BalladsandOtherPoems歌谣及其他 TalesofaWaysideInn路边客栈的故事Evangeline伊凡吉琳 长篇叙述诗 TheCourtshipofMilesStandish迈尔斯 斯坦迪什的求婚 叙事长诗 PoemsonSlavery奴役篇 反蓄奴组诗From1864to1867 hespentmuchofhistimetranslating TheDivineComedy byDante 1265 1321 theItalianRenaissancepoet Longfellow sInfluence LongfellowinfluencedAmerica sartisticandpopularculture Schools geographiclocations andordinaryproducts evencigars werenamedforhimandforcharactersfromhispoems Inthe1870s schoolchildrencelebratedhisbirthdayasifitwereanationalholiday Heisquotedbymerchantsandmanufacturersontheirproducts byjournalistsandpreachersintheirarticlesandsermons andbyordinarymenandwomenintheirdailylives Someofhislinesandphrases Aboy swillisthewind swill Shipsthatpassinthenight Footprintsonthesandsoftime aresowellknownthattheyhaveenteredtheAmericanlanguage Commentary ProbablythebestlovedofAmericanpoets TherearetworeasonsforthepopularityandsignificanceofLongfellow spoetry1 Hehadthegiftofeasyrhyme 2 Hewroteonobviousthemeswhichappealtoallkindsofpeople PoeticFeatures LongfellowwasgreatlyinfluencedbytheGermanRomanticismOneofthereasonswhyhewaslovedbestinhistimeishisoptimisticattitudeinhispoetryhewasoneofthe schoolroom 讲堂 教室 poets or firesidepoets HisreputationasamajorAmericanPoetdeclinedbetweenthetwowarsforthegentlenessandsweetness andthecommonsubjectsHeislackinginpassionandhighimaginationHisstyleandsubjectsareconventional 传统的 comparedwithmodernpoets APsalmofLife 生活的赞美诗 人生礼颂 TheThemeof APsalmofLife APsalmofLife fromVoicesoftheNight 1839 In9quatrains 四行诗 alternatelyrimed introchaictetrametersTheimportanceofafullandsincereactivityinmakingthemostoflife sbriefspan Tellmenotinmournfulnumbers 请别用哀伤的诗句对我讲 Lifeisbutanemptydream 人生呵 无非是虚梦一场 Forthesoulisdeadthatslumbers因为沉睡的灵魂如死一般 Andthingsarenotwhattheyseem 事物的表里并不一样 Lifeisreal Lifeisearnest 人生是实在的 人生是热烈的 Andthegraveisnotitsgoal 人生的目标决不是坟墓 Dustthouart todustreturnest 你是尘土 应归于尘土 Wasnotspokenofthesoul 此话指的并不是我们的精神 Notenjoyment andnotsorrow 我们的归宿并不是快乐 Isourdestinedandourway 也不是悲伤 Buttoact Thatmuchto morrow 实干才是我们的道路 Findusfartherthanto day 每天不断前进 蒸蒸蒸日上 Artislong andtimeisfleeting 光阴易逝 而艺海无涯 Andourhearts thoughstoutandbrave 我们的心哪 虽然勇敢坚强 Still likemuffleddrums arebeating却像被布蒙住的铜鼓 Funeralmarchestothegrave 常把殡葬的哀乐擂响 Intheworld sbroadfieldofbattle 在这人生的宿营地 InthebivouacofLife 在这辽阔的世界战场 Benotlikedumb drivencattle 别做无言的牲畜任人驱赶 Beaherointhestrife 做一名英雄汉立马横枪 Trustnofuture howe erpleasant 别相信未来 哪怕未来多么欢乐 LetthedeadPastburyitsdead 让死去的往昔将死亡一切埋葬 Act actinthelivingPresent 上帝在上 我们胸怀勇气 Heartwithin andGodO erhead 行动吧 趁现在活着的好时光 Livesofgreatmenallremindus伟人的生平使我们想起 Wecanmakeourlivessublime 我们能使自己的一生变得高尚 Anddeparting leavebehindus当我们辞别人间 Footprintsonthesandsoftime 能把足迹留在时间的流沙上 Footprintsthatperhapsanother 也许有个遭了船灾的苦难弟兄 Sailingo erlifesolemnmain 他曾在庄严的人生大海中飘航 Aforlornandshipwreckedbrother 见到我们的脚印 Seeing shalltakeheartagain 又会满怀信心 Letus then beupanddoing 让我们起来干吧 Withaheartforanyfate 下定决心 不管遭遇怎样 Stillachieving stillpursuing不断胜利 不断追求 Learntolabourandtowait 要学会苦干和耐心等待 TheSongofHiawatha 海华沙之歌 长诗 采用印第安题材 海华沙是印第安神话中的英雄 西风的儿子 天神派他把文明带给印第安各部落 海华沙在射箭 狩猎 角斗等各方面都具有卓越的才能 他为印第安人民清理了河道 赶走了瘟疫 他教给人民种植玉米 创造了象形文字 他结束了印第安各部落的混战 引导人民过和平劳动生活 在叙事中穿插了不少象征人民的勇敢和智慧的神话传说 在抒情部分洋溢着对印第安人祖祖代代生活的地方的自然景色的喜爱 它是美国文学中关于印第安人的第一部史诗 他在哈佛大学教授语言和文学长达十八年 大多数诗作以家庭 大自然和宗教为题材 朗费罗一生创作了大量的抒情诗 歌谣 叙事诗和诗剧 他的诗歌在美国广为传诵 在欧洲受到赞赏 被译成20余种文字 20世纪以来 他的诗名急剧下降 其地位变化之大 在美国文学史上也是罕见的 LongfellowQuotations 1 Allthingscomeroundtohimwhowillbutwait 2 Allthingsmustchangetosomethingnew tosomethingstrange 3 Ambitionissopowerfulapassioninthehumanbreast thathoweverhighwereachweareneversatisfied 4 Buildtoday thenstrongandsure withafirman