Norman-conquest-of-England解读.ppt

NormanconquestofEngland TheNormanconquestofEnglandbeganon28September1066withtheinvasionofEnglandbyWilliamtheConqueror DukeofNormandyandhisvictoryattheBattleofHastingson14October1066overKingHaroldIIofEngland Harold sarmywasbadlydepleted大大减少intheEnglishvictoryattheBattleofStamfordBridge斯坦福桥之战inNorthernEnglandon25September1066overthearmyofKingHaraldIIIofNorway Byearly1071 WilliamhadsecuredcontrolofmostofEngland althoughrebellions叛乱andresistance抵抗continuedtoapproximately1088 Summary Norsemen TheNormanswerethepeoplewhogavetheirnametoNormandy aregioninnorthernFrance TheyweredescendedfromVikingconquerors征服者oftheterritory领土andthenativepopulationofmostlyFrankishandGallo Romanstock 法兰克人和高卢罗马人后裔Thename Normans derivesfromNortmanni Northmen aftertheVikingswhofoundedNormandy Theyplayedamajorpolitical military andculturalroleinmedieval中世纪的EuropeandeventheNearEast Theywerefamedfortheirmartial军事的spirit NormanadventurersestablishedakingdominSicilyandsouthernItalybyconquest andaNormanexpedition远征onbehalfoftheirdukeledtotheNormanConquestofEngland NormaninfluencespreadfromthesenewcentrestotheCrusaderStatesintheNearEast toScotlandandWalesinGreatBritain andtoIreland WilliamtheConqueror HaroldII VS Reasons ItwassaidthatkingEdwardhadpromisedtheEnglishthrone王位toWilliam buttheWitan盎格鲁 撒克逊时期的议会议员choseHaroldasking SoWilliamledhisarmytoinvadeEngland InOctober1066 duringtheimportantbattleofHastings WilliamdefeatedHaroldandkilledhim OneChristmasDay WilliamwascrownedkingofEnglandatWestminsterAbbey thusbeginningtheNormanConquestofEngland WestminsterAbbey HaroldIIwaskilledinthebattle legendhasitthathewasshotthroughtheeyewithanarrow ThisbattleisseenasthepointatwhichWilliamgainedcontrolofEngland becomingitsfirstNormanrulerasKingWilliamI BattleofHastings BattleofHastings TheBattleofHastingstookplaceon14October1066 ItwasthedecisiveTheBattleofHastingstookplaceon14October1066 Itwasthedecisive决定性的NormanvictoryintheNormanConquestofEngland foughtbetweentheNormanarmyofDukeWilliamIIofNormandyandtheEnglisharmyofKingHaroldII ThebattletookplaceatSenlacHill森勒克山丘 about6milesnorthwestofHastings closetothepresent daytownofBattle EastSussex 东萨希克斯 Influence TheNormanConquestof1066isperhapsthebest knowneventinEnglishhistory WilliamtheConquerorconfiscated没收almostallthelandandgaveittohisNormanfollowers HereplacedtheSaxonrulewithastrongNormangovernment Sothefeudalsystem封建制度wascompletelyestablishedinEngland Itlargelyremovedthenativerulingclass贵族阶层 replacingitwithaforeign French speakingmonarchy君主制度 aristocracy贵族 统治阶级 andclerical神职人员的hierarchy等级制度 RelationswiththeContinentwereopened andthecivilizationandcommerce贸易wereextended Norman Frenchculture language mannersandarchitecture建筑学wereintroduced TheChurchwasbroughtintocloserconnectionwithRome andthechurchcourts教会法院wereseparatedfromthecivilcourts民事法庭 Consequences aboutLanguage Themoststrikinginfluenceoftheconquestwasshowninthelanguage TheperiodofMiddleEnglishbegansoonafter1066 SincetheFrench speakingNormansweretherulingclass Frenchwasusedforallstateaffairsandformostsocialandculturalmatters butthemasses民众 劳动阶层continuedtospeakEnglish OnlytowardstheendofthefifteenthcenturydidEnglishbecomeoncemorethelanguageofthewholecountry However thelanguagethatemergedatthattimeshowedvastandsignificantchangesintheEnglishvocabulary thelossofalargepartoftheOldEnglishword stockandtheadoptionofthousandsofF