Robert-Frost-及其诗三首的介绍分析.ppt

RobertFrost I BiographicalIntroduction borninSanFranciscoin1874 hismotherbroughthimtoNewEnglandathiseleven withwhichhispoetryhasalwaysbeenassociated Aftergraduatingfromhighschoolin1892 FrostenteredDartmouthCollegebutsoonlefttoworkatoldjobsandtowritepoetry In1897 hewasacceptedasaspecialstudentbyHarvardbutwithdrewaftertwoyearsbecauseofhisincreasingdislikeforacademicconvention Forthenexttwelveyears Frostmadeaminimallivingbyteachingandfarmingwhilecontinuingtowritehispoems In1912 heandhisfamilymovedtoEngland wherehefoundapublisherforhisfirstbookofverse Aboy swill 1913 Determinedtowinrecognitioninhisnativeland FrostreturnedtotheUSandsettledonafarminhisnativeland Bytheendofhislifehehadbecomeanationalpoet hereceivedhonorarydegreesfromforty fourcollegesanduniversitiesandwonfourPulitzerPrizes theUnitedStatessenatepassedresolutionshonoringhisbirthdaysandwhenhewaseighty sevenhereadhispoetryattheinaugurationofPresidentJohnF Kennedy II MainWorks ABoy sWill1913 NorthofBoston 1914 MountainInterval 1916 NewHampshire1923 CollectedPoems1930 AFurtherRange1936 AWitnessTree1942 III Frost sViewandTheme HispoetryconcernsNewEngland snature Hesawnatureasastorehouseofanalogyandsymbol sohisconcernwithnaturereflecteddeepmoraluncertainties Hispoetryoftenprobesmysteriousofdarknessandirrationalityinthebleakandchaoticlandscapesofanindifferentuniverse ThequestofthesolitarypersontomakesenseoftheworldhasbecomethecentralthemeofallFrost scollectionsandmadehispoetryamongthemostaccessibleofmodernwriters ThepoetryofRobertFrostcombinedpastoralimagerywithsolitaryphilosophicalthemes IV Frost sStyle rejectedtherevolutionarypoeticprinciplesofhiscontemporaries usedtraditionalformssuchastheblankverse plainlanguageofruralNewEnglanders andagracefulstyle thereisasteadytoneofwryhumor andavirtuallyinexhaustibleverbalgrace Heusedsymbolsfromeverydaycountrylifetoexpresshisdeepideas Asawhole Frost sartisanactofclarification which withoutsimplifyingthetruth rendersitinsomedegreeaccessibletoeveryone FireandIce FireandIce 火与冰 Somesaytheworldwillendinfire Somesayinice FromwhatI vetastedofdesireIholdwiththosewhofavorfire Butifithadtoperishtwice IthinkIknowenoughofhateToknowthatfordestructioniceIsalsogreatAndwouldsuffice 有人说世界将结束于熊熊烈焰 有人则说结束于凛凛寒冰 欲望如火 体会其烈 则知世之归于火为我所愿 但若其必两度遭逢毁灭 我知恨之极至 必然明了 毁灭之冰 同样魁伟 同样顺人心意 Publication FireandIce firstappearedintheDecember1920issueofHarper s In1923 itappearedinNewHampshire acollectionofFrost spoemspublishedinNewYork FiguresofSpeech AlliterationSomesaytheworldwillendinfire Somesayinice Iholdwiththosewhofavorfire Anaphora 首语重复 Somesaytheworldwillendinfire Somesayinice ParadoxButifithadtoperishtwice Dante sInfluence Frostderivedinspirationfor FireandIce from Inferno 地狱 oneofthethreedivisionsofDante smonumentalepicpoem TheDivineComedy 神曲 In Inferno Danteandhisguide theLatinpoetVirgil witnessthepunishmentofsoulsinhell constructedinninecircles oneatoptheother intheshapeofacone Thosewhocommittedsinsofdesire suchaslustandgreed sufferthepainoffireandothertortures Lines3and4 Thesesinnersareconfinedintheuppercircles Thosewhocommittedthesinofbetrayalareconfinedtothebottomcircle theninth inafrozenlake AmongthemareJudasandSatan Frost spoemsubstituteshatredforbetrayalasthecardinaloffensethatentombssoulsineverlastingice Lines6 9 Frost spoemcontainsninelines anapparentrepresentationoftheninecirclesofDante shell Theme Thecentralthemeof FireandIce isthathumanemotionsaredestructivewhenallowedtorunamok Theycandestroyapersonmorally mentallyandphysically Notfrequently unbridledemotions suchasthoseofAdolfHitler candestroyentirecountriesandeventhreatentodestroycivilizationitself Fire Ice 1 Desire love Hatred2 Emotion Reason3 Religion Science StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening WhosewoodstheseareIthinkIknow Hishouseisinthevillagethough HewillnotseemestoppinghereTowatchhiswoodsfillupwithsnow 这是谁家的林子 我想我知道 虽说他的农舍在村子那一头 他不会却看到我停留在这儿 望着他的林子积雪有多厚 StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening雪夜林边小驻 MylittlehorsemustthinkitqueerTostopwithoutafarmhousenearBetweenthewoodsandfrozenlakeThedarkesteveningoftheyear 我那小马一定会感到奇怪 停留在这儿 又没村舍在邻近夹在一座森林和一片冰湖之间 在这一年中最昏暗的黄昏 HegiveshisharnessbellsashakeToaskifthereissomemistake Theonlyothersound sthesweepOfeasywindanddownyflake 他把他胸前的挂铃一摇 想问问到底有没有弄错路线 此外只听得一阵微风吹过 和一阵鹅毛似的雪片卷过 Thewoodsarelovely darkanddeep ButIhavepromisestokeep AndmilestogobeforeIsleep AndmilestogobeforeIsleep 树林真可爱 幽暗而深远 可是我还得赶赴约会 还得赶好几里路才能安睡 还得赶好几里路才能安睡 Background Thispoemwaswrittenin1922byRobertFrost andpublishedin1923inhisNewHampshirevolume FrostwrotethispoemaboutwinterinJune 1922 Hehadbeenuptheentirenightwritingthelongpoem NewHampshire andhadfinallyfinishedwhenherealizedmorninghadcome Hewentouttoviewthesunriseandsuddenlygottheideafor StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening Hewrotethenewpoeminjustafewminutesandlaterstatedthat ItwasasifI dhadahallucination ThiswasFrost sfavoriteofhisownpoemsandinalettertoLouisUntermeyerhecalledit mybestbidforremembrance Symbols Promises ourresponsibilitiesthatwemustfulfill Miles experiencewemusttravelthroughbeforedeathSleep deathVillage humanworldTheowner humanorderfromwhichthespeakerisshortlyseparated Theme Thepoemisprimarilyorientedtowardsthepleasureofthesceneandtheresponsibilitiesoflife Thestrangeattractionofdeathtomanissymbolizedbythedarkwoodssilentlyfilledupwiththecoldnessofsnow Thepoemrepresentsamomentofrelaxationfromtheburdensomejourneyoflife analmostaestheticenjoymentandappreciationofnaturalbeautywhichiswholesomeandrestorativeagainstthechaoticexistenceofmodernpeople TheRoadNotTaken RobertForest Background TheRoadNotTaken isapoembyRobertFrost publishedin1916inthecollectionMountainInterval itisthefirstpoeminthevolumeandisprintedinitalics Thetitleisoftenmistakenlygivenas TheRoadLessTraveled fromthepenultimateline Itooktheonelesstraveledby Rhyme Thispoemconsistsoffourstanzasoffivelines TherhymeschemeisABAAB therhymesarestrictandmasculine withnotableexceptionofthelastline Therearefourstressedsyllableseachline varyingoniambic 抑扬格 指由一短一长或一轻一重的两音节组成的音步 tetrameter 四步抑扬格 base TwoDifferentInterpretations Thepoemhastworecognizedinterpretations oneisamoreliteralinterpretation whiletheotherismoreironic LiteralinterpretationAccordingtotheliteral andmorecommon interpretation thepoemisinspirational apaean 赞美歌 toindividualismandnon conformism 不墨守成规 IronicinterpretationTheironicinterpretation widelyheldbycritics isthatthepoemisinsteadaboutregretandpersonalmyth making rationalizingourdecisions TheRoadNotTaken TworoadsdivergedinayellowwoodAndsorryIcouldnottravelbothAndbeonetraveler longIstoodAndlookeddownoneasfarasIcouldTowhereitbentintheundergrowthThentooktheother asjustasfairAndhavingperhapsthebetterclaimBecauseitwasgrassyandwantedwearThoughasforthatthepassingthereHadwornthemreallyaboutthesame 黄色的树林里分出两条路可惜我不能同时去涉足我在那路口久久伫立我向着一条路极目望去但我却选择了另外一条路它荒草萋萋 十分幽寂显得更诱人 更美丽虽然在这两条小路上都很少留下旅人的足迹虽然那天清晨落叶满地 AndboththatmorningequallylayInleavesnostephadtroddenblackOh IkeptthefirstforanotherdayYetknowinghowwayleadsontowayIdoubtedifIshouldevercomeback IshallbetellingthiswithasighSomewhereagesandageshenceTworoadsdivergedinawoodandI ItooktheonelesstraveledbyAndthathasmadeallthedifference 两条路都未经脚印污染呵 留下一条路等改日再见但我知道路径延绵无尽头恐怕我难以再回返也许多少年后在某一个地方我将轻声叹息把往事回顾一片森林里分出两条路而我却选择了人迹更少的一条从此决定了我一生的道路 LiteraryDevicesMetaphor Thepoemrevolvesaroundthemetaphorcomparingthedecisionswemakeonthejourneyoflifetoaforkintheroad Justaswemustdecidewhichroadtotakewhentravelinginordertoarriveatalocation wemustmakedecisionsinlifethatwillgreatlyimpactourdestination LiteraryDevicesSymbolism Yellow Theyellowcoloringofthewoodsisrepresentativeofthelight hope andpromisethatthespeakerisstandingbefore Hisfutureisbrightandstretchesbeforehim Thoughbothpathsareequallylit hemustchooseonlyone Woods Thepoemissetinthewoodsbecausewegetanimageofaquiet desertedplacewherethespeakerisleftalonetodecide Therearenoroadsignsorpeopletostopandaskfordirections Similarly therearenosignsinlifedesignedtohelppeoplechoosetheirpath Roads Theroadsaresymbolicofthepathswetakeinlife Everyroadleadstoaspecificplaceandthenatureofone sdestinationdependsentirelyonthedecisionsthataremade Wedon tjustarriveatalocation wemakeaseriesofchoicesthatleadusthere Theme Thepoemhasbeenandcontinuestobeusedasaninspirationalpoem onethattotheundiscerningeyeseemstobeencouragingself reliance notfollowingwhereothershaveled Butaclosereadingofthepoemprovesotherwise Itdoesnotmoralizeaboutchoice itsimplysaysthatchoiceisinevitable butyouneverknowwhatyourchoicewillmeanuntilyouhavelivedit ATrickyPoem FrostclaimsthathewrotethispoemabouthisfriendEdwardThomas withwhomhehadwalkedmanytimesinthewoodsnearLondon Frosthassaidthatwhilewalkingtheywouldcometodifferentpathsandafterchoosingone Thomaswouldalwaysfretwonderingwhattheymighthavemissedbynottakingtheotherpath Aboutthepoem Frostasserted Youhavetobecarefulofthatone it satrickypoem verytricky FirstStanza DescribesSituation Thepoemconsistsoffourstanzas Inthefirststanza thespeakerdescribeshisposition Hehasbeenoutwalkingthewoodsandcomestotworoads andhestandslookingasfardowneachoneashecansee Hewouldliketotryoutboth butdoubtshecouldtothat sothereforehecontinuestolookdowntheroadsforalongtimetryingtomakehisdecisionaboutwhichroadtotake SecondStanza DecidestoTakeLess TraveledRoad Thespeakerhadlookeddownthefirstone towhereitbentintheundergrowth andinthesecondstanza hereportsthathedecidedtotaketheotherpath becauseitseemedtohavelesstrafficthanthefirst Butthenhegoesontosaythattheyactuallywereverysimilarlyworn Thesecondonethathetookseemslesstraveled butashethinksaboutit herealizesthattheywere reallyaboutthesame ThirdStanza ContinuesDescriptionofRoads Thethirdstanzacontin