unit 1 八年级上 英语.doc

新目标八年级（上）Unit 1 How often do you exercise?一、单元学习目标 1. 会使用频率副词及短语；2. 能描述课余时间的活动安排；3. 会描述基本饮食结构。二、重点单词及短语exercise锻炼;运动，hardly几乎不;几乎没有，ever曾;曾经，once一次，twice两次;两倍，time次;次数，Internet网络;互联网，program (戏剧、广播、电视等的)节目、表演;(电脑)程序，result结果;成果，active活跃的;积极的，for对于; 关于;在方面;就而言，about大约;几乎，milk牛奶，coffee咖啡，chocolate巧克力，drink 喝;饮，health健康;健康状况，habit习惯;习性，try试图;设法;努力，grade 分数;成绩，better (good和well的比较级)更好的(地);(健康状况)好转的，same同样的;相同的，as像(一样)，different差异的;不同的，difference不同;差异;区别，maybe或许;大概，although (=though)虽然;即使;纵然，for (表示时间、距离、数量)达;计，keep保持;使保持某种状态，must必须modal，less (little的比较级)较小的;更小的;较少的;更少的1.how often 多久一次2. three times a week一周三次 3. every day 每天4. as for 关于、至于 5.on weekdays 在周末 6. surf the Internet 上网冲浪 7. look after 照顾、照料 8. keep in good health 保持健康 9. of course当然 10. be good for对有利11. unhealthy lifestyle不健康的生活方式 12. eating habit 饮食习惯三、重点句型1.-What do you usually do on weekends ? -I often go to the movies.2.-How often do you watch TV? -I watch TV every day( once/twice/ three times a week/month/year)3.-Whats your favorite program? -Its Animal World.四、知识要点1.How often do you exercise? 你（你们）多久锻炼一次身体？ How often + 助动词do(does或did) + 主语 + do sth.? 疑问词how often是问频率(多久一次),（在这里助动词do(does或did) 是起帮助构成疑问的作用）与一般现在时或一般过去时连用，回答一般是用表示频率的副词，如：once, twice, three times, sometimes, often, quite, often, never, every day, once a week , twice a month , three times a month , three or four times a month 等。例如：How often do they have a dancing party?Usually, once every other week.他们多长时间举办一次舞会？通常每两周举办一次。How often do you go to the factory?Twice a week.你们多久到工厂去一次？每星期两次。2. “Whats your favorite program?” “Its Animal World.”“你最喜欢什么节目？”“动物世界。”Whats your favorite program?=What program do you like best? 3. “What do you usually do on weekends?” “ I usually play soccer.”“周末你通常做什么？”“我通常踢足球。”第一个do为助动词, 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个do则是实义动词。 翻译： What do you usually do on weekends? I often go to the movies. What does she usually do on weekends? She sometimes go hiking. 4. As for homework , most students do homework every day . as for.意思是“至于；关于”，常用于句首作状语，其后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式（即动名词）。如：As for him，I never want to see him here. 至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。As for the story，youd better not believe it. 关于那故事，你最好不要相信。翻译：至于我自己，我现在不想去。 (As for myself, I dont want to go now. )至于那个人，我什么都不知道。(As for the man, I know nothing about him.)5. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her. want to do sth. 意思是“想要做某事”；want sb. to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。如：Do you want to go to the movies with me？你想和我一起去看电影吗？The teacher doesnt want us to eat hamburgers.老师不想让我们吃汉堡包。6. She says its good for my health.be good for.表示“对有益（有好处）”;其反义为：be bad for.。（这里for 是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词）。例如：Its good for us to do more reading. 多读书对我们有好处。Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。7. How many hours do you sleep every night?8. I exercise every day, usually when I come home from school.9. My eating habits are pretty good.这里pretty相当于very。10. I try to eat a lot of vegetables , usually ten to eleven times a week . （1）try作及物动词：试；努力，try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ，不包含是否成功的意思，而try doing sth.表示“（用某一办法）试着去做某事”。如: Ill try to come tomorrow. 我明天争取来。Youd better try doing the experiment in another way. 你最好试试用另一种方法做这个试验。 由try构成的其他词组：try on 试穿 try ones best 竭尽所能 have a try 试一试 （2）a lot of (=lots of) 大量，许多；既能修饰可数名词，又能修饰不可数名词。a lot of一般用于口语肯定句中，在否定句和疑问句中则用many或much。例如：I picked lots of flowers. 我摘了许多花。Thanks a lot. 多谢。A lot of energy was wasted. 大量的能源被浪费掉了。 （3）ten to eleven times a week是名词性短语起副词的作用，在句中作时间状语。表示次数，一次用once，二次用twice，三次以上用“数词+times”。在表示时间频度的有关短语中一般均用a代替every，这时a表示“每一”，相当于介词per的含义。例如：We have three meals a day我们一日三餐。They have five English classes a week他们每周上五节英语课。They meet once a month他们每月会面一次。11. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades.help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事。12. Good food and exercise help me to study better. 这里better是well的比较级，而不是good的比较级。13. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different? Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle or is her lifestyle different from yours? be the same as / be different from.14. What sports do you play ? 15. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health . keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthy16. You must try to eat less meat .try to do sth.表示“尽力做某事” ,不包含是否成功的意思,less是little的比较级。17. That sounds interesting.这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound（听起来），look（看起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（觉得），seem（好像），grow（变得）,get（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如：It tastes good. 这味道好。The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。五、词语辨析1. 频度副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly和never是英语中最常见的频度副词，它们在句中的位置大致相同：通常放在行为动词之前，系动词be、助动词和情态动词之后。但它们所表示的含义及频度是各不相同的。（1）always的频度为100%，表示动作重复、状态继续，中间没有间断，意思是“总是”、“永远地”。例如：The sun always rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳总是东升西落。（2）usually的频度为70%左右，意为“通常”、“平常”，即很少有例外。例如：He usually goes to bed at ten oclock. 他通常10点钟睡觉。（3）often的频度为50%左右，意为“常常”，但不如usually那么频繁，表示动作重复，中间有间断。例如：He is often late for school. 他上学经常迟到。（4）sometimes的频度为20%左右，意为“有时”，表示动作偶尔发生。可以位于句首，以示强调。例如：It is sometimes hot and sometimes cold. 天气忽冷忽热。Sometimes he does it this way and sometimes he does it that way. 他有时这样做，有时那样做。He sometimes goes to movies on Friday evening.他有时周五晚上去看电影。（5） hardly的频度为5%左右，意为“几乎不”、“简直不”，常和ever连用表示强调。例如：I hardly ever go out these days. 这些天我几乎不出门。（6）never的频度为0，意为“从来不”、“永不”。例如：My parents are never late for work.我父母上班从来不迟到。2. good, fine, well与nice这几个形容词都有“好”的意思。（1）good是通用词，可以表示各种品质方面的优异，从美学到道德规范几乎都可以使用。Its an old film, but its very good. 那是一部老电影，但是很好。（2）fine表示“上好的，精细的”，也可以表示“美好的”，天气“晴朗的”。She always wears fine clothes. 她总穿好衣服。It is fine sand. 这是细沙。It is a fine day today. 今天天气晴朗。（3）well表示身体“无病的，健康的”。You look very well, Jimmy. 你看上去很好，吉米。Hes better, thank you, doctor. 他好些了，谢谢你，医生。（4）nice表示使人感到“愉快的，好的”。这几个词虽然都有“好”的意思，但是只是近义词，而且初学者不易掌握。These ice-creams are nice. 这些冰淇淋真好。Hes a very nice man. We shall miss him. 他是个很好的人。我们会想念他的。She is a very nice girl. 她是个很好的姑娘。注意：nice and = very, ratherIts nice and warm in here. 这里面很暖和。3. home, house和family三者都可表示“家”，但所指不同。（1）house一般指所居住的建筑物，即“房子；住宅。”His house was burned in a big fire. 他的家在一场大火中被烧了。（2）family着重指家庭的成员。如：My family are all fond of music. 我们一家人都喜欢音乐。（3）而home则指某人出生及生活的那个环境，包括住处及家人。如：He left home at the age of 18. 他十八岁离开了家。homework 家庭作业；课外作业He usually does his homework after school. 他通常放学后做作业。hometown 家乡；故乡Wheres your hometown? 你的家乡在哪里？Its in Suzhou. 在苏州。homeland 祖国；本国I love my homelandChina. 我爱我的祖国中国。4. maybe, perhaps, likely, possibly与probablyperhaps也许，是也许如此也许不如此的意思，大体和possibly同义；probably大概；肯定的成分较大，是most likely的意思；possibly或者，常和can, may, must等情态动词连用，比probably语气弱得多；maybe或许，比perhaps普通但不庄重；likely或许，通常与most, very连用。如：Most likely she is over thirty. 她也许已经30多岁了。5. maybe与may bemaybe连在一起是副词，意为“可能；也许；大概”，在句中作状语，通常置于句首，也可以放在谓语动词之前。may be分写是“情态动词+动词原形”的形式，意为“可能是；也许是”，在句中作谓语。试比较：Maybe he will come, maybe he wont. 他也许来，也许不来。Is that true? 那是真的吗？Maybe, Im not sure. 也许（可能）是，我说不准。He may be eighteen. 他可能18岁了。Maybe your book is at home. 也许你的书在家里。The book may be in the desk. 那本书可能在课桌里。6. although与thoughalthough和though作连词用，意为“尽管；虽然”，二者可以通用。如：Although / Though they are so poor, they have enough to eat.他们虽然很穷，食物还是够吃的。在一个句子里，用了although或though，就不能用but，用了but，则不能使用although或though，即“虽然但是”不见面，但可用yet。如：Although (Thought) it was very cold, (yet) he went out without an overcoat. = It was very cold, but he went out without an overcoat.尽管外面很冷，但他没有穿大衣就出去了。7. a few, few , a little, littlea few (少数的，几个，一些)a little (一点儿，少量)表示肯定few (很少的，几乎没有的) little (很少的，几乎没有的)表示否定修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词8. none与no one none指人或物，强调数量，用how many提问，常与of连用。no one 多指人，强调“无人”这种状态，用who提问，不可与of连用，作主语时，其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。9. hard与hardlyhard作形容词，意为“困难的，艰苦的，硬的”；作副词，意为“努力地，猛烈地”。Hardly意为“几乎不”。10. 不定代词 all/most/some/a few/none用法 all意思是“全部,所有”,用于表示三者或三者以上的人或物,既可以指代可数名词,也可以指代不可数名词。如:I must eatall ofthe food before I get to school.我必须在到校前就把所有食物吃完。most意思是“多数”，既可以指代可数名词,也可以指代不可数名词。如:I drinkmost ofthe juice in the glass.杯子里的大部分果汁都是我喝的。some意思是“一些,一部分”，既可以指代可数名词,也可以指代不可数名词。如:I usually buysomecoffee in the morning.我经常在早上买一些咖啡。a few意思是“几个,很少”,只能指代可数名词。如：A fewstudents can climb the rope.只有几个学生能攀绳。none意思是“一个也没有”。常用短语none of ,意为“中一个也没有”,修饰可数名词时,谓语动词用单复数都可以。none也可以修饰不可数名词。如:I can donone ofthe work here.这里的工作我一个也干不了。六、语法要点1.运用wh- words引导的特殊疑问句 What do ? How often ? what, how引导的特殊疑问句：（1）问时刻（点钟）：Whats the time, please? /What time is it, please? 请问几点了？（2）问星期：What day is today? /What day is it today? /What day of the week is it? 今天星期几？（3）问日期：Whats the date today? 今天几号？（4）how many times 多少次eg.How many times a week does he play basketball? 他一周要打多少次篮球？He plays basketball three times a week.他一周打三次篮球。（5）How soon多久（以后）How soon will he be back?他多久能回来？He will be back in a month.他一个月后能回来。（6）how long 多久，多长时间eg.How long did it take you to clean the house? 你打扫房子用了多久？It took me half an hour to clean the house. 我打扫这房子用了半小时。（7）how often 多久一次eg.How often does he write to you? 他多久给你写一次信？He writes to me once a month. 他一个月给我写一次信。2.表示频率的副词（见词语辨析1）3.一般现在时（The Simple Present Tense）（1）一般现在时可用于表示现在的状态；经常性或习惯性的动作；主语具备的性格和能力等。例如：He is twelve. 他十二岁。They are at home. 他们在家。I go to school at seven every day.He plays soccer on Sundays. She likes apples.They speak Japanese.（2）一般现在时的否定式及疑问句。例如：He goes to school at seven every day.He doesnt go to school at seven.Does he go to school at seven?Yes, he does.(No, he doesnt.)（3）一般现在时常和以下时间表达法连用，如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at noon, at night, every day, on Sunday(s), at seven 等。例如：Do they have math in the morning?She sleeps nine hours every night.It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.They dont have classes on Sundays. 单元练习词汇A. 根据句意及汉语提示完成句子。1. Grandma is very healthy because she (锻炼) every day .2. Please speak aloud, I can (几乎不) hear you.3. We (尽力) to eat a lot of vegetables to keep healthy.4. Walking helps you to keep in good (健康).5. There are some (不同)between the tiger and the cat.6.I often _ (购物).on weekends.7. We must _(保持 )our classroom clean.8. My eating _(习惯) are not very good.9. Katrina doesnt often _ (喝)coffee,she likes green tea.1. exercises 2. hardly 3. try 4. health 5. differences 6. shop 7. keep 8. habits 9. drink B.根据句意填词。10. How o_ do you come to school late? Never.11. Farmers milk some m _from cows.12. J_ food isnt good for your health. 13. I cant do it by myself. Can you h_ me?14. I eat fruit three t_ a week.15. My father is very busy. He only plays basketball o_ a week.10.often 11.milk 12.Junk 13.help 14.times 15.once 16.everC. 用所给单词的正确形式填空。17. Some students watch TV (two) a week.18. Most of them play sports three or four (time).19. She looks pale(苍白), I think she is kind of (health).20. Our teacher wants us (read) English every morning.17. twice 18. times 19. unhealthy 20. to read 按要求改写句子1. Lucy does her homework in the evening (改为一般疑问句) Lucy her homework in the evening?2. Her mother does the housework on the weekend.(对画线部分提问) her mother on the weekend?3. I go to the movies once a week .(对画线部分提问) you go to the movies?4. My lifestyle is not the same as yours. （改为同义句）My lifestyle is yours. 5. She often helps her mother with the housework on weekends.（改为同义句）She often helps her mother the housework on weekends.1. Does do 2. What doesdo 3. How often do 4. different from 5. do 用方框内的单词完成下面的句子（有多余选项）。 always, every day, often, sometimes, never, hardly ever1. He_gets up at six oclock, seven days a week. 2. How_ do you go to the movies? 3. It_rains here. Its usually sunny and warm. 4. Some of my friends exercise every day and hardly ever eat junk food, but most of them eat junk food _. 5. I cant swim. So I_go to the beach to swim. Sometimes I go there with my friends to run.1. always 2. often 3. hardly ever 4. sometimes 5. never单选（30题）( C ) 1. Jacks parents went to work, and he had to _ his grandma at home. A look at B look for C look after( B ) 2. _do you have a sports meeting? Twice a year. A How soon B How often C How long( A )3. I have to show the school report, Mr Wang? Yes, you do. A Must B Do C May( C ) 4. Father asks me computer games before finishing my homework. A to play B to not play C not to play( B ) 5. We should keep our eyes while doing eye exercises. A close B closed C open( C ) 6. were you away from Shanghai last year? About two weeks. A How often B How soon C How long( A ) 7. Jack spends much money on books he is not so rich. A though B when C because( C ) 8. She often gives her baby to eat. A healthy something B healthy anything C something healthy( C )9. Vegetables make a big difference our health. A in B at C to ( B ) 10. Can you speak a little louder? I can hear you. A really B hardly C clearly( C ) 11. Are you interested in surfing the Internet? Well, . A kind of B kind to C a kind of D. a kind( A ) 12. students exercise twice a day. A No B Not C No of D. none( B ) 13. She always makes her history class very . A interest B interesting C interested D. interests( C ) 14. She hardly ever the sports meeting TV on Sunday morning. A watching ; over B to watch ; in C watches ; on D. watch; by（A）15How often are the Olympic Games held？_four years. A. Every B. Each C. In D. For （C）16. The film is interesting. I think_people like it. A. a few B. few C. many D. some( C ) 17. His mother wants him_at home today A. stays B. stayed C. to stay D. staying(A )18. _ homework, we do them on Sunday. A. As for B. As to C. As of， D. As from（B）19. These days Mrs. Li looks_ healthy. A. nice B. pretty C. heavy D. cool（A）20. The old man is well because he often_ . A. exercises B. drinks C. sleeps D. plays（D）21. I try to eat junk food only once a month _ I love it.A. through B. but C. and D. although(D )22. Would you like to come to, dinner tonight?Id love to, _Im too busy.A. and B.if C. so D. but（B）23. She says that her brother is good_ swimming.A. for B. at C. to D. of(C)24. What sports do you like to do? _ A. Do some cooking B. Do some shoppingC. Do some running D. Do some reading(C)25.Does Liu Hua ever guess the meaning of English words?,He _ guesses the meaning of new words. He uses his dictionary all the time. A. usually B. always C. never D. sometimes(C)26. How long does it take her to do her homework every day? _ A. Every day B. Never C. About one hour D. Sometimes(B)27. How do you go to school every day? _ .A. Sometimes B. On foot C. Usually D. Never(C)28. Some students watch TV three four a week.A. and, timesB. and, timeC. or, timesD. to, time(B)29. His brother doesnt like hamburger. He eats them.A. oftenB. hardlyC. alwaysD. usually(C)30. My father tries vegetables four or five times a week.A. eat B. eatingC. to eat D. ate完形填空（一）What do the people usually do on weekends? Some people like to1 at home, but others like to go out for a walk or play football. Mr Smith 2 hard in a factory during (在期间) the3. On the weekends, he usually4 the same thing. On Saturday he washes his car and on5 he goes with his family to a village(村庄) by car. His uncle and aunt6 a farm there. It isnt a big one, but there is always7 to do on the farm. The children help with the animals and give them some8. Mr and Mrs Smith help in the field. At the end of the day, they are all9 and Mr Smiths aunt10 them a big meal. ( )l. A. play B. stay C. be D. so ( )2. A. works B. does C. makes D. studies ( )3. A. day B. year C. week D. month ( )4. A. does B. do C. make D. has ( )5. A. Sunday B. Saturday C. Thursday D. Friday ( )6. A. have B. has C. bring D. find ( )7. A. much B. many C. any D. most ( )8. A. food B. rice C. cakes D. fruit ( )9. A. hungry B. angry C. full D. happy ( )10. A. give B. puts C. makes D. does 15 BACAA 610 AAAAC（二）Everyone in our school loves sports. Every morning 1 we get up, we do morning exercises. After the second class we do exercise again. We only have 2 class twice a week, but we do physical training at five every afternoon. The most popular sport is basketball . The 3_ enjoy playing it and many of the girls like it, too. 4 popular sport is football and