Unit-2-Lessons-from-Jefferson.ppt

Unit2LessonsfromJefferson Obama BarackObamaisthe44thPresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica HeisthefirstAfricanAmericantobePresident ObamawasborninHawaiiin1961toablackKenyanfatherandwhiteAmericanmother ObamataughtlawattheUniversityofChicagoLawSchoolfortwelveyears In2004 ObamawaselectedasaU S Senator Hemadehistoryin2008whenhewontheU S presidentialelection Heisalsothewinnerofthe2009NobelPeacePrize HewontheNobelPeacePrizeforhis extraordinaryeffortstostrengtheninternationaldiplomacyandcooperationbetweenpeoples FamousPresidentsinAmericanHistory GeorgeWashingtonThefirstpresidentoftheUnitedStates Ledtheindependencewar ThefatherofAmerica AbrahamLincolnThesixteenthpresidentofAmerica Firmlyopposednegroslaverysystem WontheCivilWar FranklinD RooseveltThe32ndPresidentoftheUnitedStatesHeledAmericatoovercometheGreatDepressionbyhisNewDeal TheonlyAmericanpresidenttoservemorethantwoterms RichardMilhousNixonthe37thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesthefirstAmericanpresidenttovisitChina Youareextendingyourhandacrossthevastestoceanoftheworld noexchangebetweenourtwonationsfor25years ThomasJefferson CompanyLogo ThomasJefferson 1743 1826 isbestrememberedasagreatPresidentandastheauthoroftheDeclarationofIndependence Healsowonlastingfameasadiplomat apoliticalthinker andafounderoftheDemocraticParty CompanyLogo LifeStoryaboutThomasJefferson ThethirdpresidentinAmericanhistoryBornin1743 VirginiaHisfatherwasalargelandowner HebegantolearnLatin GreekandFrenchwhenhewasnine In1776 hedraftedtheDeclarationofIndependence In1800 hebecamethepresidentandservedfortwoterms ThomasJeffersonisbestrememberedasa 1 andastheauthorof 2 Healsowonlastingfameasa 3 a 4 andafounderof 5 Jefferson sinterestsandtalents 6 anamazingrange HebecameoneoftheleadingAmerican 7 ofhistimeanddesignedtheVirginiaCapitol theUniversityofVirginia andhisownhome Monticello Hegreatlyappreciated 8 and 9 andtriedtoencouragetheiradvancementintheUnitedStates ListeningPractice OneofthemostimportantdocumentsinthehistoryofAmerica PublishedonJuly4 1776atthesecondContinentalCongress Marksthebeginningofanewnation July4hasbecometheNationalDay RemarksfromDeclarationofIndependence Weholdthesetruthstobeself evident thatallmenarecreatedequal thattheyareendowedbytheircreatorwithcertainrights thatamongthesearelife libertyandpursuitofhappiness 我们认为下面这些真理是不言而喻的 人人生而平等 造物者赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利 其中包括生命权 自由权和追求幸福的权利 I QuestionsandAnswers WhyisThomasJeffersonlessfamousthanGeorgeWashingtonandAbrahamLincoln 2 WhydoweassociatethenameofThomasJeffersonwiththeDeclarationofIndependence Washingtoniswell knownforhisleadershipintheAmericanIndependenceWar Lincolniswell knownforhisroleinabolishingslaveryintheUnitedStates HewasthewriteroftheDeclarationofIndependence Text WhywasJeffersonchosentowritetheDeclarationofIndependence 4 WhatwasJefferson sattitudetowards peopleofhumbleorigins Inadaywhenfewnoblepersonseverspoketothoseofhumbleoriginsexcepttogiveanorder hewentoutofhiswaytotalkwithgardeners servants andwaiters lookedintotheircookingpotsandatetheirbread Hewasagoodandtirelesswriterwhosecompleteworksfillmorethanfiftyvolumes 5 Whydidheinsistuponhavingafreepress 6 WhydoestheauthorsaythatAmericaneducationowesagreatdebttoThomasJefferson BecauseJeffersonbelievedthatonlyanationofeducatedpeoplecouldremainfree Afreepresscouldtellthetruth II AnalysisinDetail Paragraph1 AbriefintroductiontoThomasJefferson Paragraphs2 8 SomeideasandprinciplesgivenbyThomasJefferson 1 StructuralAnalysis Paragraphs9 11 HistalentsinmanyfieldsandhiscontributiontoUSA Structure IntroduceThomasJeffersonGoandseeYoucanlearnfromeveryoneJudgeforyourselfDowhatyoubelieveisrightTrustthefuture trusttheyoungHisgreatinfluenceonAmerica Introduction Body Conclusion III Carefulreadingofpart2 3 IV Discussion 1 WhatideaofJefferson sdoyouappreciatemost 2 Doyouthinktheyarestillofusetoustoday Why BruceBlivenThomasJefferson thethirdPresidentoftheUnitedStates maybelessfamousthanGeorgeWashingtonandAbrahamLincoln butmostpeoplerememberatleastonefactabouthim hewrotetheDeclarationofIndependence AlthoughJeffersonlivedmorethan200yearsago thereismuchthatwecanlearnfromhimtoday Manyofhisideasareespeciallyinterestingtomodernyouth Herearesomeofthethingshesaidandwrote Goandsee Jeffersonbelievedthatafreemanobtainsknowledgefrommanysourcesbesidesbooksandthatpersonalinvestigationisimportant Whenstillayoungman hewasappointedtoacommitteetofindoutwhethertheSouthBranchoftheJamesRiverwasdeepenoughtobeusedbylargeboats Whiletheothermembersofthecommitteesatinthestatecapitolandstudiedpapersonthesubject Jeffersongotintoacanoeandmadeon the spotobservations CompanyLogo source 来源 发源地origin 起点 血统 出身 开端比较模糊The ofthecustomisunknown We llhavetofindanew ofincome Lincolnisamanofhumble originsourceorigin CompanyLogo Personal doneinpersonIshallgivethemattermypersonalattention oforbelongtoapersonpersonalaffairpersonalattack appointvt 任命 委派 约定ElaineZhao whowasappointedasSecretaryofLabor isthefirstChineseinthecabinetoftheU S government 赵小兰被任命为美国劳工部部长 成为美国政府内阁成员中的第一位华裔 Let sappointatimeforthemeeting 我们定个时间开会吧 Shewasappointedasournewmanager Pattern appointsb asappointsb todo sth appointsb to ajob post position etc appointmentn 约会 约定 任命 委派Youshouldkeepanappointmentafteryoumakeit 约好了就要守约 1 会上有人建议任命一个十一人委员会来制定新章程 Itwassuggestedatthemeetingthatacommitteeofelevenbeappointedtomakeanewconstitution Translation on the spota attheplaceofactionLuckilytherewasadoctoronthespot 这些青年科学家通过现场观察 获得了研究工作所需的第一手资料 Bymakingon the spotobservations theyoungscientistsobtainedfirst handinformationtheyneededintheirresearchwork Youcanlearnfromeveryone BybirthandbyeducationJeffersonbelongedtothehighestsocialclass Judgingbyhisfamilyandeducationalbackground Jeffersonwasamemberofthegroupwithtopsocialstatus Yet inadaywhenfewnoblepersonseverspoketothoseofhumbleoriginsexcepttogiveanorder Jeffersonwentoutofhiswaytotalkwithgardeners servants andwaiters 然而 在那个贵族除了发号施令以外很少跟出身卑贱的人说话的年代 杰斐逊却想尽办法跟园丁 仆人和侍者交谈 JeffersononcesaidtotheFrenchnobleman Lafayette Youmustgointothepeople shomesasIhavedone lookintotheircookingpotsandeattheirbread Ifyouwillonlydothis youmayfindoutwhypeoplearedissatisfiedandunderstandtherevolutionthatisthreateningFrance 考 bybirth按血统 天生地 SheisFrenchbybirthbutEnglishbymarriage givebirthto产生 喻 孕育borna 天生的 生来的 CompanyLogo gooutofone swaytodosth makespecialeffortstodosth 他特意到机场送我 Hewentoutofhiswaytoseemeoffintheairport Judgeforyourself Jeffersonrefusedtoacceptotherpeople sopinionswithoutcarefulthought 未经过认真的思考 杰斐逊绝不接受别人的意见 Neitherbelievenorrejectanything hewrotetohisnephew becauseanyotherpersonhasrejectedorbelievedit Heavenhasgivenyouamindforjudgingtruthanderror Useit Jeffersonfeltthatthepeople maysafelybetrustedtoheareverythingtrueandfalse andtoformacorrectjudgment Wereitlefttometodecide Ifitwerelefttometodecide 在虚拟条件状语从句中 如果从句中有should were或助动词had时 可省略if 将这些词提到句首 主谓语用部分倒装结构 whetherweshouldhaveagovernmentwithoutnewspapersornewspaperswithoutagovernment Ishouldnothesitateamomenttopreferthelatter CompanyLogo decline refusepolitelyrefuse strongerthandeclinereject moreemphaticthanrefuseIdeclinedherinvitation Sherejectedhismarriageproposal Herefusedtodothis CompanyLogo mistake 着重指由于理解 认识或判断不正确而造成的行为或看法上的错误 error 表不合格或谬误 fault 过失 指道德上的过失 也可指人性格或习惯上的缺点 Itookhisbookby Heronly islaziness mistakefault Wereitlefttometodecide Ifitwerelefttometodecide在虚拟条件状语从句中 如果从句中有should were或助动词had时 可省略if 将这些词提到句首 主谓语用部分倒装结构 CompanyLogo CompanyLogo prefer prefersth prefertosth preferdoingsth prefersb todosth preferAtoBprefer ratherthan Dowhatyoubelieveisright Inafreecountrytherewillalwaysbeconflictingideas andthisisasourceofstrength Itisconflictandnotunquestioningagreementthatkeepsfreedomalive ThoughJeffersonwasformanyyearstheobjectofstrongcriticism heneveransweredhiscritics Heexpressedhisphilosophy 哲学 inletterstoafriend Therearetwosidestoeveryquestion Ifyoutakeonesidewithdecisionandacton actaccordingto itwitheffect thosewhotaketheothersidewillofcourseresentyouractions CompanyLogo acton dosth inaccordancewith 根据医生的建议 她决定开始减肥 Actingonthedoctor sadvice shedecidedtogoonadiet Trustthefuture trusttheyoung Jeffersonfeltthatthepresentshouldneverbechained bindorrestrain tocustomswhichhavelosttheirusefulness 杰斐逊认为 绝不可以用那些已经无用的习俗来束缚住 现在 的手脚 Nosociety hesaid canmakeaperpetualconstitution orevenaperpetuallaw Theearthbelongstothelivinggeneration Hedidnotfearnewideas nordidhefearthefuture Howmuchpain heremarked hasbeencausedbyevilswhichhaveneverhappened Iexpectthebest nottheworst Isteermyshipwithhope leavingfearbehind CompanyLogo chainsb sth tosb sth blind restrainHeischainedtothegraveofmarriage 1 链 链条 表链Thebridgewassupportedbyheavyironchainshangingfromtwotowers 这座桥是由系在两座塔上的沉重铁链支撑点的 2 枷锁 囚禁 束缚Beinchains上着镣铐 在囚禁中3 一系列 一连串Amountainchain山脉chainbridge链式吊桥Chainreaction连锁反应连锁商店chainstore CompanyLogo steer Vt 1 驾驶 为 掌舵 drive 2 引导 guide Vi 驾驶eg Mycarsteerseasily steerclearof避开 绕开eg Thecarsteeredclearofthemuddyroad CompanyLogo leavesb sth behind abandon forgettotakesth Ihavelefttheumbrellabehind Don tleavemebehind leaveoutleavealoneleaveforleaveoff 部分倒装 只将谓语的一部分放在主语之前 be 情态动词 助动词 do does did have has had 主语 Hardly seldom little few never nowhere nolonger bynomeans innoway undernocircumstances onnoaccount e g Bynomeans forgetthatsolvingTaiwanIssueisentirelyinternalChineseaffair A wecanB wecouldC canweD couldwe 1 否定副词或短语位于句首时 倒装句的用法及注意点 Notonly tothemeetingbutalsoheshouldgiveaspeechthere A didhegoB shouldhegoC heshouldgoD hisgoing Notonly butalso Neither nor Hardly Scarcely when nosooner than Notuntil 注意 在Notonly butalso 句型中 当notonly置于第一个分句句首时 第一个分句要用部分倒装 Henotonlystudieshardbutalsoplaysbasketballwell 在neither nor 句型中 前后两个分句都要部分倒装 Howwastheweatherthen Hardly offtheplanewhenitstartedtorain A IhadsteppedB hadIsteppedC IsteppedD didIstep 注意 在hardly scarcely when nosooner than 一 就 句型中 前一个分句要用完成时 且部分倒装 Notuntilhelefthishome toknowhowimportantthefamilywasforhim A didhebeginB hadhebegun C hebeganD hehadbegun 注意 notuntil 位于句首时 后面的主句要部分倒装 4 So 也 neither nor 也不 位于句首时 Myroomgetsverycoldatnight 我的也一样冷 Idon tlikefootball 他也不喜欢 Sodoesmine Neither Nordoeshe 注 如果句意表示肯定或附和 的确如此 时 句子不用倒装 It shot Soitis 的确如此 Jefferson scourageandidealismwerebasedonknowledge Heprobablyknewmorethananyothermanofhisage Hewasanexpertinagriculture archeology andmedicine Hepracticedcroprotationandsoilconservationacenturybeforethesebecamestandardpractice andheinventedaplowsuperiortoanyotherinexistence HeinfluencedarchitecturethroughoutAmerica andhewasconstantlyproducingdevicesformakingthetasksofordinarylifeeasiertoperform 他影响了整个美国的建筑业 他还不断地制造出各种机械装置 使日常生活中需要做的许多工作变得更加容易 CompanyLogo ofone sage thetimeinwhichonelives他是那个年代最著名的流行歌手 Heisthemostfamouspopsingerofhisage OfallJefferson smanytalents oneiscentral Hewasaboveallagoodandtirelesswriter Hiscompleteworks nowbeingpublishedforthefirsttime willfillmorethanfiftyvolumes Histalentasanauthorwassoondiscovered andwhenthetimecametowritetheDeclarationofIndependenceatPhiladelphiain1776 thetaskofwritingitwashis Millionshavethrilledtohiswords Weholdthesetruthstobeself evident thatallmenarecreatedequal CompanyLogo aboveall mostimportantofallBepolite aboveall tooldpeople aboveallafterallatallfirstofall WhenJeffersondiedonJuly4 1826 the50thanniversaryofAmericanindependence helefthiscountrymenarichlegacyofideasandexamples AmericaneducationowesagreatdebttoThomasJefferson whobelievedthatonlyanationofeducatedpeoplecouldremainfree owesth to 1 believe something tobetheresultof something 将某事归功于 Heowedhissuccesstoluckmorethantocapacity Sheoweshersuccesstohardwork 他把他的成功更多地归于运气而不是能力 2 feelgratitude tosb inreturnforaservice favour etc Iowemyteachersandparentsagreatdeal 我深深感激师长与父母 SummaryofThomasJefferson Independence President thinker morethan50 Virginia architect rotation conservation devices CompanyLogo Enjoyanarticle LoveIloveyounotbecauseof butbecauseofwhoIam Nomanorwomanisworthyourtears andtheonewhois Theworstwaytomisssomeoneistobesittingrightbesidethemknowing whoyouarewhenIamwithyouwon tmakeyoucryyoucan thavethem CompanyLogo Neverfrown evenwhenyouaresad becauseyouneverknow withyoursmile Totheworldyoumaybeoneperson buttooneperson Don twasteyourtimeonaman woman whoisn twillingto Justbecausesom