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ProjectManagementEnvironment Chapter2 PMPPreparationTraining 云志网络 Objectives Tobeabletodescribe ProjectlifecycleCharacteristicsoftheprojectphasesKeyprojectstakeholdersOrganizationalandsocioeconomicinfluencesontheprojectKeymanagementskillsusedinmanagingaproject ProjectLifeCycle DefinesthebeginningandendoftheprojectDividestheprojectintophasesthatprovidebettermanagementcontrolandtheappropriatelinkstotheongoingoperationsoftheorganization PhaseCharacteristics DeliverablesTangible verifiableworkproductsReviewsEvaluationofdeliverablesandprojectperformancePhaseExitCriteriaMeasurementsusedtodetermineifprojectshouldgointonextphase CharacteristicsofLifeCycle DefinesthebeginningandendoftheprojectDeliverablesusuallyapprovedbeforeworkstartsonthenextphaseSometimesasubsequentphaseisbegunpriortoapprovalofthepreviousphase Thisiscalledfasttracking Definestechnicalworkandimplementers CharacteristicsofLifeCycle cont Costandstaffinglevelsarelowatthestart highertowardstheend anddropasprojectclosesProbabilityofprojectsuccessislowatthestartoftheprojectandgetsprogressivelyhigherastheprojectcontinuesCostofchangesandoferrorcorrectiongenerallyincreasesastheprojectcontinues PhasesandResourcesUsage Concept5 Development20 Implement60 CloseOut15 ProjectStakeholders Individualsandorganizationswhoareactivelyinvolvedintheprojectandwhoseinterestsmaybepositivelyornegativelyaffectedbytheprojectsuccessorfailure KeyStakeholdersProjectmanagerManagestheprojectCustomerUsestheproductorservicePerformingorganizationEnterprisethatdoestheprojectworkSponsorProvidesfinancialresources OrganizationalInfluences OrganizationalsystemsProject basedDeriveincomebyperformingprojectsforothersTreaton goingoperationsasprojects managementbyprojects Non Project basedNoproject orientedsystemsinplacetosupportprojectneedsefficientlyandeffectively OrganizationalCultures Styles Sharedvalues norms beliefs andexpectationsReflectedinpoliciesandprocedures viewofauthorityrelationships etc Directlyinfluencestheproject OrganizationalStructure Functionalorganization HierarchywhereeachemployeehasoneclearsuperiorProjectizedorganization Mostoforganization sresourcesareinvolvedinprojectworkandreporttotheprojectmanagerMatrixorganization Blendofboth OrganizationalStructure ProjectOfficeProvidesservicesrangingfromsupportfunctionstoprojectmanagers suchastraining software templates etc toactuallybeingresponsiblefortheresultsoftheproject FunctionalOrganization SpecialistsgroupedbyfunctionDifficulttocrossfunctionallinesBarriersexistonhorizontalinformationflowFunctionalemphasis loyaltiesmayimpedecompletion OrganizationalPlanning MatrixOrganization Multiple commandsystemIndividualsfromfunctionalareasassignedontemporarybasistoPMIndividualsreturntofunctionalorganizationCarefulplansandproceduresneededtominimizeeffectsofdualreporting OrganizationalPlanning MatrixOrganization AdvantagesVisibleobjectivesEfficientutilizationofresourcesBetterco ordinationBetterinformationflowRetentionofhomeafterprojectDisadvantagesMorethanonebossComplexstructuretocontrolDifferingprioritiesofPMandFMDuplicationofeffortConflict OrganizationalPlanning ProjectizedOrganization EmergesfromfunctionalwhenlatterimpedesprogressLineofauthorityisthePMUncertaintywheretogooncompletionofprojectTendencytoretainassignedpersonneltoolongFMsfeelthreatenedaspeopleareremovedfromtheirareas OrganizationalPlanning OrganizationalStructures TypePMAuthorityFunctionalNoneProjectExpediterLowProjectCoordinatorLowWeakMatrixLow MediumStrongMatrixMedium HighProjectizedHigh OrganizationalPlanning GeneralManagementSkills LeadingEstablishingdirection aligningpeople motivating andinspiringCommunicatingReportingprojectperformance decidinghow when inwhatform andtowhomNegotiatingConferringwithothersinordertocometotermsorreachanagreement ManagementSkills cont ProblemsolvingDefiningthecausesofproblems analyzingtheproblemstoidentifyviablesolutions andselectingthebestoneInfluencingtheorganizationUnderstandingtheformalandinformalstructuresandthemechanicsofpowerandpoliticsandusingthisknowledgetogetthingsdone Social Economic EnvironmentalInfluences Projectshavepositiveornegativeimpactsonpeople economics andtheenvironmentOrganizationsareaccountablefortheseimpacts StandardsandregulationsProjectplanshouldreflecthowstandardsandregulationsaffecttheprojectInternationalizationConsidertheeffectoftime zonedifferences nationalholidays travelrequirements teleconferencing andpoliticaldifferences Social Economic EnvironmentalInfluences CulturalinfluencesProjectsoperatewithinacontextofculturalnormsthataffectthewaypeopleandorganizationsinteractSocial E
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