人教版高中英语选修8-Unit-2《Cloning》(Warming-up)课件.ppt

Cloning Unit2 differ vi 不同 相异 Objective Tolearnsomebasicinformationaboutcloning Cloning Acloneisananimalorplantproducednaturallyorartificiallyfromthecellsofanotheranimalorplantandisexactlythesameasit Cloningisawayofmakinganexactcopyofanotheranimalorplant TheclonehasthesameDNAastheparent What scloning SoundsReasonable Therearedifferenttypesofcloning andcloningtechnologiescanbeusedforotherpurposesbesidesproducingthegenetictwinofanotherorganism Thethreetypesofcloningtechnologiesare 1 recombinantDNAtechnologyorDNAcloning 基因重组克隆技术 2 reproductivecloning 生殖性克隆 3 therapeuticcloning 治疗性克隆 克隆一词是英文单词clone的音译 作为名词 clone通常被意译为无性繁殖系 同一克隆的所有成员的遗传构成是完全相同的 例外仅见于有突变发生时 自然界早已存在天然植物 动物和微生物的克隆 人们开始探索用人工的方法来生产高等动物克隆 这样 克隆一词就开始被用作动词 指人工培育克隆动物这一动作 目前 生产哺乳动物克隆的方法主要有胚胎分割和细胞核移植两种 克隆羊 多莉 以及其后各国科学家培育的各种克隆动物 采用的都是细胞核移植技术 所谓细胞核移植 是指将不同发育时期的胚胎或成体动物的细胞核 经显微手术和细胞融合方法移植到去核卵母细胞中 重新组成胚胎并使之发育成熟的过程 由于细胞核移植是产生克隆动物的有效方法 故人们往往把它称为动物克隆技术 Inpairs lookatthesepicturesanddiscusswhichonesarenaturalclonesandwhichonesareman made Thinkabouthowtheydiffer Quiz Dollythesheep Astrawberryplant Naturalclone Man madeclone 一株草莓依靠它沿地 爬走 的匍匐茎 一年内就能长出数百株草莓苗 Growingnewplants Twins Naturalclone Man madeclone Naturalcloneisonethatoccursinnaturewithouthumanhelp Man madecloneisonethatisproducedthroughhumanintervention 介入 Clone Canyoutellthedifferencebetweennaturalcloneandman madeclone Cactus 仙人掌 Pendulumorchid 吊兰 naturalcloneexamples man madecloneexamples I mcelebrityinthehistoryofcloning Doyouknowmyname Dolly thefirstmammaltobeclonedfromadultDNA wasputdownbylethalinjectiononFeb 14 2003 Priortoherdeath Dollyhadbeensufferingfromlungcancerandcripplingarthritis 严重的关节炎 CelebritySheepDolly Dolly是世界上第一例用体细胞 乳腺上皮细胞 通过细胞核移植技术 在复杂的人工操作下 得到的一只小绵羊 Scientistshavebeencloninganimalsformanyyears ThecreationofDollyisthefirstmammalclonedfromthecellofanadultanimal SinceDolly researchershaveclonedanumberoflargeandsmallanimalsincludingsheep goats oxen mice pigs cats rabbitsandsoon Allthesecloneswerecreatedusingnucleartransfertechnology 细胞核移植技术 Whatanimalshavebeencloned Themuleinthepictureistheworld sfirstclonedmule Itwasbornon4May2003 HisnameisIdahoGem ThekitteninthepictureiscalledCc Itsnameisfrom Copycat ItwasborninDecember2002 Thesefemalepigsarealsocloned TheyarebornonChristmasDay2001 TheyareNoel Angel Star JoyandMary Thepairofcalveswerebornon5July1998inIshikawa Japan TheyweretwoyearsyoungerthanDolly beingsecondadultanimalclonesintheworld Ifpossible doyouwantanotherpersontobeexactlythesameasyou Whyorwhynot Discussion Importanteventsincloninghistory In5000B C 谷物选种 Humanbeingsbegantochoosethebestseedsfromsomekindsofcrops Thatwasthebeginningofcontrollinglifeaccordingtohuman swill In1952 Cloningtadpole 克隆蝌蚪 TheAmericanscientistscreatedacopyoftadpolebymeansofusingatadpolecell Thistinytadpolehasbecomethefirstkindofcloninganimal In1978 Thefirstcaseoftubeinfant 试管婴儿 appeared ABritishdoctorusedthesperm 精子 ofamanandfertilized 使受精 itinatesttube 试管 andthentransplanted 移植 theembryo 胚胎 intothewomb 子宫 ofahealthymother ThefirsttubeinfantcalledLouisappeared In1996 Thefamoussheep Dolly wasclonedsuccessfully Dollyistogetherwithhermother In1998 Aseriesofthingswerecloned ThescientistsinHawaiiUniversityclonedover50mice Someprivateinstitutions 协会 successfullyclonedlittleoxen Nowadays Cloneddogs mice rabbits goats oxen pigsappeared Chinabecametheseventhcountrythathastheabilitytoclonepigs Chinahassucceededinusingembryonic 胚胎的 cellstoclonemanyanimals 1Clonecanbefrombothnaturalcloneandman madeclone 2Thesheep namedKittywasthefirstsuccessfulcloneofamammal 3Onlystrawberriesandcactuses 仙人掌 arenaturalclones 4SinceDolly researchershaveclonedanumberoflargeandsmallanimalsincludingcats rabbitsandhorses Aparentcancloneachildwhoisdyingofaterminalillness 不治之症 TorF Accordingtowhatwe velearned inpairsdiscusswhatyouunderstandaboutcloning Thenlistthequestionsyouwanttofindout Shareyourlistswithoneanother Questionsaboutcloning 1 Howisacloneproduced 2 Whatbenefitscanhumansgainfromcloning 3 Whatproblemsmayarisewhenhumansarecloned 1 Howisacloneproduced Thecloningofplantsissimpleandrelativelyeasy Itcanbedonebytakingcuttings man madecloning orlettingtheplantproduceitsownrunners naturalcloning Thecloningofanimalsismorecomplicated Itwasnotachieveduntil1996 2 Whatbenefitscanhumansgainfromcloning 1 Medicalcloningcanhelpcureseriousillnessesthatruinone squalityoflife suchasParkinson sdisease帕金森氏症orAlzheimer sdisease阿尔茨海默氏症 2 Itcanhelpinfertilepeoplehavebabies 3 Whatproblemsmayarisewhenhumansarecloned 1 Peoplemaywanttoclonethemselvessotheycanliveforever 2 Peoplemaywanttoclonedeadchildren 3 Peoplemaywanttoclonetheirfavouritepets A B A Ithinkcloningisgoodforus Because B Ithinkcloningisbadforus Because Iscloninggoodorbadforus Debate Theseexpressionsmayhelp Doyouthinkitiswiseto Wh