英语语法16种时态.ppt

动词的时态 动词的时态 动词的时态 一 一般现在时的用法 1 describesthingsthathappenonaregularbasis oftenusedwithadverbsoffrequency时间状语 every sometimes at onSundayIleavehomeforschoolat7everymorning Hecyclestoworkeveryday 2 describespermanentsituationsTheearthmovesaroundthesun ShanghailiesintheeastofChina Waterboilsat100 Centigrade 3 describesfixedeventsinthefutureTheplanetakesoffat9 00tomorrowmorning 4 表示格言或警句中 Pridegoesbeforeafall 骄者必败 注意 此用法如果出现在宾语从句中 即使主句是过去时 从句谓语也要用一般现在时 例如 Columbusprovedthattheearthisround 5 现在时刻的状态 能力 性格 个性 Idon twantsomuch AnnWangwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell 比较 NowIputthesugarinthecup Iamdoingmyhomeworknow 第一句用一般现在时 用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作 表示言行的瞬间动作 再如 Nowwatchme Iswitchonthecurrentandstandback 第二句中的now是进行时的标志 表示正在进行的动作的客观状况 6 祈使句中 togivedirectionsorinstructions Godownthestreet andthentakethesecondturningontheleft 知识扩展 一般现在时表将来1 下列动词 come go arrive leave start begin return的一般现在时表将来 这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情 timetabledorfixedevents Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning Whendoesthebusstart Itstartsintenminutes 2 倒装句 表示动作正在进行 如 Herecomesthebus Thebusiscoming Theregoesthebell Thebellisringing 3 Itwillbe aperiodoftime before thepresentsimpletense Itwillbeayearbeforewetakepartintheuniversityentranceexaminations 4 在时间或条件句中 WhenBillcomes 不是willcome askhimtowaitforme cf Idon tknowwhenBillwillcome I llwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere 由if引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表 意愿 但不表示时态 Ifyouwillacceptmyinvitationandcometoourparty myfamilywillbepleased 如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会 我的家人会非常高兴 I llappreciateitifyouwilldomeafavour 5 在动词hope takecarethat makesurethat seetoitthat等后 Ihopetheyhaveanicetimenextweek Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheroom 6 在themore themore 句型中 从句也要用一般现在时取代将来时 eg 2 Theharderyouwork themoreyouwillget 7 主句为将来时 nomatterwhat who which when whatever whoever whichever whenever从句中用一般现在时Whateveryousay Iwillnotchangemymind Nomatterwhichyoulike I llgiveittoyou 二 现在进行时1 表示现在 指说话人说话时 正在发生的事情 例如 Wearewaitingforyou 2 短期内正在进行的动作 withinatemporaryperiod 说话时动作未必正在进行 例如 Mr Greeniswritinganothernovel HeisnowlivinginShanghai Theactionistemporary cf HelivesinShanghai SheislearningpianounderMr Smith Iamfeedingtheneighbour scatthisweekwhileshe sinhospital Idon treallyworkhere Iamjusthelpingoutuntilthenewsecretaryarrives 3 表示渐变的动词有 get grow become turn run go begin等 Theleavesareturningred It sgettingwarmerandwarmer 表示当前的动向与趋势Technologyisdevelopingrapidly Playingcomputergamesisbecomingmoreandmorepopularwithyoungpeople 4 表示动作正在进行 但倒装句中用一般现在时如 Herecomesthebus Thebusiscoming Theregoesthebell Thebellisringing 5 与always constantly forever等词连用 表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态 往往带有说话人的主观色彩 Youarealwayschangingyourmind YouarealwaysdoingwellHe salwaysaskingthesamequestion 6 状态动词的进行时后面接形容词brave careful stupid clever foolish polite kind shy等时 为主语所表现的非一般惯性特点或故意的行为 eg 1 Youarebeingveryclevertoday 2 Heisbeingpolite 3 Mysonisbeingagoodboyatthemoment 7 usedtoexpressarrangementsinthefuture We respendingnextwinterinAustralia She sleavingforShanghaitomorrow oftenwithwordslikearrive come go leave Theactionislikelytocontinueafterthetimeofspeaking butislikelytostopatsomepoint Itistemporary eg I llbewithyouinaminute I mjustfinishingsomethinginthekitchen I mwritingtotellyouthat 知识扩展 不用进行时的动词1 事实状态的动词 如 have belong possess cost owe exist include contain matter weigh measure continueIhavetwobrothers Thishousebelongstomysister 2 心理状态的动词 如 know realize thinksee believe suppose imagine agree recognize remember want need forget prefer mean understand love hateIneedyourhelp Helovesherverymuch 3 瞬间动词 如 accept receive complete finish give allow decide refuse Iacceptyouradvice 4 系动词 如 seem remain lie see hear smell feel taste get become turnYouseemalittletired 三 一般过去时的用法1 在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态 时间状语有 yesterday lastweek anhourago theotherday in1982等 Wheredidyougojustnow IsawTominthestreetyesterday IboughtthisTVsetinBeijinglastyear 2 表示在过去一段时间内 经常性或习惯性的动作 WhenIwasachild Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet Healwayswenttoworkbybus Heusedtoactlikethat 3 用过去时表示现在 表示语气委婉礼貌 1 动词want hope wonder think intend等 例如 Didyouwantanythingelse Iwantedtoaskyouaboutthat Didyouwanttospeaktomenow Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme 2 情态动词could would 例如 Couldyoulendmeyourbike 4 用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气 IfIwereabird IwouldflytoBeijing Ifhewereherenow wecouldturntohimforhelp 注意比较下列句型 Itistimeforsb todosth 到 时间了 该 了 例如 Itistimeforyoutogotobed 你该睡觉了 Itistimesb didsth 时间已迟了 早该 了 例如 Itistimeyouwenttobed 你早该睡觉了 would had rathersb didsth 表示 宁愿某人做某事 例如 I dratheryoucametomorrow Itis hasbeen 一段时间 since 分句Itistwoyearssincehejoinedthearmy 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去 现已不复存在 Christinewasaninvalidallherlife 含义 她已不在人间 Christinehasbeenaninvalidallherlife 含义 她现在还活着 Mrs DarbylivedinKentuckyforsevenyears 含义 达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州 Mrs DarbyhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears 含义 现在还住在肯塔基州 有可能指刚离去 usedto与wouldusedto describeactionswhichhappenedregularlyinthepastbutnolongerhappenusedtobe describespaststatesthathavechangedHeusedtobeateacher Hewouldbeateacher would describeactionswhichhappenedregularlyinthepastbutnowhappenwithmoreorlessfrequencycf be getusedto be becomeaccustomedto Sometimesthetimebecomesdefiniteasaresultofaquestionandanswerinthepresentperfecteg 1 Wherehaveyoubeen I vebeentotheopera Didyouenjoyit 2 Ihaveboughtadictionary Wheredidyoubuyit Whendidyoubuyit 3 Haveyouseenmystamps Yes Isawthemonyourdeskaminuteago 主句为过去时态 宾语从句中的运用Ididn tknowyouwerehere 语境中的 刚刚 在过去 Comeonin Peter Iwanttoshowyousomething Oh howniceofyou Ineverthoughtyouweregoingtobringmeagift Yourphonenumberagain Ididn tquitecatchit 三 过去进行时1 概念 表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作 2 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景 一个长动作发生的时候 另一个短动作发生 3 常用的时间状语有 thismorning thewholemorning alldayyesterday fromninetotenlastevening when while例句 Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation WhenIgottothetopofthemountain thesunwasshining ShewaswatchingTVwhileherbrotherwaslisteningtotheradio TheWhiteswerehavingdinnerwhentherewasaknockonthedoor Iwaswonderingifyoucouldgivemealift Iwashelpingmymotherinthekitchenalldayyesterday Shewaswritingabooklastyear ButIdon tknowwhethershehasfinishedit cf Shewroteabooklastyear Ithassoldwell 四 一般将来时1 shall常用于第一人称cf Shallhecomein Doyouwanthimtocomein will可以用于各种人称Hewillbeeighteennextmonth 2 begoingto 不定式 表示将来 a 主语的意图 即将做某事或打算做某事 事先考虑好 Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow b 计划 安排要发生的事 Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth c 有迹象要发生的事Lookatthedarkclouds itisgoingtorain Sheisputtingonweight Sheisgoingtobequitefat 3 be 不定式表将来 按计划或正式安排将发生的事 WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday 4 beaboutto 不定式 意为马上做某事 HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing 注意 beaboutto不能与tomorrow nextweek等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用 5 bedoing adefinitearrangementinthenearfutureI mtakinganexaminOctober implies Ihaveenteredforit BobandBillaremeetingtonight implies Theyhavearrangedit cf begoingto anexpressionofintentionI mgoingtosellthecar Imyselfplantosellit Whenhefindsabuyer hecansay I msellingthecar 6 willbedoing Itmerelystatesthatthisactionwillhappen Itimpliesanactionwhichwilloccurinthenormalcourseofevents eg I llbeseeingTomtomorrow perhapstheyworktogether cf I mseeingTomtomorrow ItimpliesthatTomandthespeakerhasdeliberatelyarrangedthemeeting IamgoingtoGuangzhou I Kate see Doyouhavesomethingto toher take willbeseeing betaken beto和begoingto的用法之比较 beto表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事 而begoingto则表示主观的打算或计划 例如 Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon 客观安排 I mgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon 主观安排 祈使句 并列连词 简单句的句式中 常用一般将来时 eg Hurryupandyouwillgetthelastbus begoingto will的用法之比较 用于条件句时 begoingto表将来 will表意愿 例如 Ifyouaregoingtomakeajourney you dbettergetreadyforitassoonaspossible Nowifyouwilltakeoffyourclothes wewillfitthenewclothesonyouinfrontofthemirror 预见You llfeelbetteraftertakingthismedicine 意图 说话时才考虑到的 Youforgottoturnthelightoff SoIdid Iwillgoandturnitoff IinLondonformanyyears butI veneverregrettedmyfinaldecisiontomovebacktoChina 06重庆 A livedB waslivingC havelivedD hadlived 典型例题1 Mary adresswhenshecutherfinger A madeB ismakingC wasmakingD makes答案C 割伤手指是已发生的事情 应用过去时 同时 when表时间的同时性 玛丽在做衣服时 提供事情发生的背景 因此用过去进行时 2 Asshe thenewspaper Granny asleep A read wasfallingB wasreading fellC wasreading wasfallingD read fell答案B 句中的as when while 意为 当 之时 描述一件事发生的背景时 用过去进行 一个长动作发生的时候 另一个短动作发生 句意为 在她看报纸时 奶奶睡着了 句中的fell fall的过去时 是系动词 后跟形容词 如 fallsick 1 Look Howwonderfulmycaris Oh Jack Whatareyouthinkingabout Don tyoulikeit I msorryI anyremarkaboutitintime Icertainlythinkit ssmart A wasn tmakingB don tmakeC won tmakeD didn tmake2 TofindthestreetwhereIlivedinmychildhoodisnoeasytaskbecausethecity sorapidlyalltheseyears A ischangingB haschangedC willhavechangedD willchange3 He quitewell buthehasn thadtimetoswimsincethissummer A willswimB haveswumC swamD swims4 Jimmysaidthathewouldcometopickmeup buthe bynow A hasn tturnedupB doesn tturnupC won tturnupD hadn tturnedup 5 I mterriblysorryforbeinglate butI thewrongbus A catchB hadcaughtC caughtD catching7 Thetruth sir isthattheoldman acrosstheroadwhenmycarhithim A wastowalkB hadbeenwalkingC walkedD waswalking8 Ireallydon tthinkRosewillbeupset butIwillgoandseeherincaseshe A isB doesC willbeD hasbeen9 Thecomputersmadebyourcom