通过句式变换提高英语写作水平.ppt

SpiceUpYourWritingwithSentenceVariety VarietyistheSpiceofLife byCarolDillon WhySentenceVariety Ifoursentencesfeel soundorlookthesame theymay DistractreadersCausethemtoloseinterestShifttheirattentionfromourmessagetoourwritingstyle someoptions Spiceupyourwriting varyyoursentences SentenceLength SentenceStructure DefinitionsNeeded SentenceSubjectVerb ClauseIndependentClauseDependentClause Definitions cont Asentenceisagroupofwordsthatexpressesacompletethought Francinedances Asubjectiswhatthesentenceisabout Francinedances Averbisawordthatexpressesanactionorlinksthesubjecttotherestofthesentence Francineisaprofessionaldancer Francinedancesincompetitions Clause agroupofwordsthatcontainsasubjectandaverbthatindicatestime Anindependentclausecanstandaloneasasentence Francine subject dances verbthatindicatespresenttime Definitions cont Adependentclausecannotstandalone itdependsonanotherclause WhileFrancinedances dependent shealwayssmiles independent Noticethattheword while makesthisclausedependent Definitions cont SentenceLength Short Long Spiceitup Spiceitup varylength SaveforimportantstatementsUsetoemphasizecriticalinformationThepeopleofthissmallnationstoodtogetheragainsttyrannyandwon Methamphetaminelabsposeathreattoeverypersonineverycommunity UseShortSentences LongSentences CoordinateIdeas Short Thefederalgovernmentneededtoraisetaxes Lawmakersknewthatthepeoplewouldobject Revised Thefederalgovernmentneededtoraisetaxes lawmakersknewthatthepeoplewouldobject or Spiceitup varylength RelateCoordinatingIdeas UseaCommawithaCoordinatingConjunction Thefederalgovernmentneededtoraisetaxes butlegislatorsknewthatthepeoplewouldobject ORThefederalgovernmentneededtoraisetaxes andlegislatorsknewthatthepeoplewouldobject butandfornororsoyet Spiceitup varylength RelateCoordinatingIdeas Usea Heavier Conjunction Usewordslikehowever therefore consequently etc afterasemicolontoshowtherelationshipofthetwoideas Followthewordshowingtherelationshipwithacomma Theseconjunctionsarealwayssetapartfromtherestofthesentencewithcommas Thefederalgovernmentneededtoraisetaxes however lawmakersknewthatthepeoplewouldobject Spiceitup varylength SubordinateLessImportantIdeas Short Sandyhadaheadache ShewasinnomoodtowatchDesperateHousewiveswithherroommates Addacondition if because although when etc tomakeoneoftheideasdependentontheother Revised BecauseSandyhadaheadache shewasinnomoodtowatchDesperateHousewiveswithherroommates Spiceitup varylength SentenceStructure Adverbs PrepositionalPhrases Appositives edVerbForms ingVerbForms AdjectivesClauses Spiceitup StartwithanAdverb Beginthesentencewithanadverb awordthattellshow when why etc Wewalkedslowlyovertheicysidewalkstothecafeteria Revised Slowlywewalkedovertheicysidewalkstothecafeteria foremphasis addacommaaftertheadverb Slowly wewalkedovertheicysidewalks Spiceitup varystructure StartwithaPrepositionalPhrase Chuckcouldseefromhiswindowthefrozenpondandwonderedifhecouldfinallyskateonit Revised FromhiswindowChuckcouldseethefrozenpondandwonderedifhecouldfinallyskateonit Note Iftheprepositionalphraseis4ormorewords addacommaafterthephrase Spiceitup varystructure UseanAppositive Margaretwasanavidreader Shewoulddevourtwoorthreebookseveryweekend Revised Anavidreader Margaretwoulddevourtwoorthreebookseveryweekend ORMargaret anavidreader woulddevourtwoorthreebookseveryweekend Anounornounphrasethatidentifiessomethingorsomeone Spiceitup varystructure Usean edVerbForm Jennywasrenownedforherlandscapepaintings Shealsohadareputationasaskillfulportraitartist Revised Renownedforherlandscapepaintings Jennyalsohadareputationasaskillfulportraitartist Spiceitup varystructure Usean ingVerbForm Henrytraveledacrossthecountryinterviewingthehomeless Hewasgatheringinformationforabook Revised Gatheringinformationforanewbook Henrytraveledacrossthecountryinterviewingthehomeless Spiceitup varystructure UseAdjectiveClausestoJoinIdeas Settlersoftentransportedalloftheirpossessionsincoveredwagons Theycouldtakeonlytheessentialstostartanewlife Revised Settlers whocouldtakeonlytheessentialstostartanewlife oftentransportedalloftheirpossessionsincoveredwagons Spiceitup varystructure Summary Thecontentofyourpapermaybefascinating butifyoursentencesarethesamelengthand orthesamestructure readerswilllikelyjudgeyourwritingtobeboring PracticeTheseTechniques Tryvaryingthesentencesinoneofyourownparagraphs ORVarythesentencesintheparagraphthatfollows SentenceVarietyExercise Readthefollowingparagraph notingtheplaceswhereitcouldberevised Thelocalcommunitywantedtogetinvolvedwitharecyclingprogram Theyknewthatthealternativewasbuildinganotherlandfill Thecitycouncilmetinaspecialsession Theydecidedtogetbidsforcurbsideservicefromtwolocalcompaniesandthreecompaniesoutsidethecity Thebidswereallunfortunatelyaboutthesameamount Thecouncildecidedtosigna10 yearcontractwithoneofthelocalcompanies Thecompanychosenhadbeenapartofthecommunityforalmost20years Ithadasterlingreputationforitsdependability Themembersofthecommunityhaveoverwhelminglysupportedthenewprogram Theyareexcitedaboutcontributingtotheircommunityandtheenvironment Writeyourrevisionofthisparagraphbelow ARevisedVersion Thelocalcommunitywantedtogetinvolvedwitharecyclingprogrambecausethepeopleknewthatthealternativewasbuildinganotherlandfill Meetinginaspecialsession thecitycouncildecidedtogetbidsforcurbsideservicefromtwolocalcompaniesandthreecompaniesoutsidethecity Unfortunately thebidswereallaboutthesameamount Thecompanychosen apartofthecommunityforalmost20years hadasterlingreputationforitsdependability Overwhelmingly themembersofthecommunityhavesupportedthenewprogramandareexcitedaboutcontributingtotheircommunityandtheenvironment Side By SideTheyLookLikeThis NeedsRevision Thelocalcommunitywantedtogetinvolvedwitharecyclingprogram Theyknewthatthealternativewasbuildinganotherlandfill Thecitycouncilmetinaspecialsession Theydecidedtogetbidsforcurbsideservicefromtwolocalcompaniesandthreecompaniesoutsidethecity Thebidswereallunfortunatelyaboutthesameamount Thecouncildecidedtosigna10 yearcontractwithoneofthelocalcompanies Thecompanychosenhadbeenapartofthecommunityforalmost20years Ithadasterlingreputationforitsdependability Themembersofthecommunityhaveoverwhelminglysupportedt