英语专四专题之阅读理解.ppt

阅读理解 1 常见设题点 2 常见题型 常见设题点 一 篇首 篇尾 段首 段尾处常考 Everyyearthousandsofpeoplearearrestedandtakentocourtforshop lifting InBritainalone aboutHK 3 000 000 sworthofgoodsarestolenfromshopseveryweek ThisamountstosomethinglikeHK 150millionayear andrepresentsabout4percentoftheshops totalstock Asaresultofthis shrinkage astheshopscallit thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices Whydoesthehonestpublichavetopayhigherpriceswhentheygototheshops Thereisa shrinkage inmarketvalues Manygoodsarenotavailable Goodsinmanyshopslackvariety Therearemanycasesofshop lifting Whydoesthehonestpublichavetopayhigherpriceswhentheygototheshops Thereisa shrinkage inmarketvalues Manygoodsarenotavailable Goodsinmanyshopslackvariety Therearemanycasesofshop lifting TherewasnothingmuchIwantedtoeat theremainsofabunchofcelery ablue tingedheelofbread alemongoingsoft I vefallenintothehabitsofthesolitary mymealsaresnatchedandrandom Theauthordidn tlikethefoodintherefrigeratorbecauseitwasNOT A freshB sufficientC nutritiousD delicious 二 特殊标点处常考 TherewasnothingmuchIwantedtoeat theremainsofabunchofcelery ablue tingedheelofbread alemongoingsoft I vefallenintothehabitsofthesolitary mymealsaresnatchedandrandom Theauthordidn tlikethefoodintherefrigeratorbecauseitwasNOT A freshB sufficientC nutritiousD delicious 二 特殊标点处常考 三 语义转折处常考 Butnotemperaturemadethemadelephantsmoremadormoresane Theirwearisomeheadswentupanddownatthesamerate inhotweatherandincold wetweatheranddry fairweatherandfoul Only werenotaffectedbyweather A theworkmenB theinhabitantsC thesteam enginesD therustlingwoods 三 语义转折处常考 Butnotemperaturemadethemadelephantsmoremadormoresane Theirwearisomeheadswentupanddownatthesamerate inhotweatherandincold wetweatheranddry fairweatherandfoul Only werenotaffectedbyweather A theworkmenB theinhabitantsC thesteam enginesD therustlingwoods 四 列举 举例或打比方处常考 Manyemployers forexample willoverlookoccasionalinefficienciesfromtheirsecretaryprovidedshehasapleasantpersonality Wecaninferfromthepassagethatanemployermighttoleratehissecretary soccasionalmistakes ifthelatteris A directB cheerfulC shyD capable 四 列举 举例或打比方处常考 Manyemployers forexample willoverlookoccasionalinefficienciesfromtheirsecretaryprovidedshehasapleasantpersonality Wecaninferfromthepassagethatanemployermighttoleratehissecretary soccasionalmistakes ifthelatteris A directB cheerfulC shyD capable 五 因果关系处常考 Sevenwasanothersignificantnumber usuallyregardedasabringerofgoodluck Nineisusuallythoughtofasaluckynumberbecauseitistheproductofthreetimesthree Accordingtothepassage whichofthefollowinggroupsofnumberswillcertainlybringgoodlucktopeople A 3and7B 3and9C 7and9D 3and13 五 因果关系处常考 Sevenwasanothersignificantnumber usuallyregardedasabringerofgoodluck Nineisusuallythoughtofasaluckynumberbecauseitistheproductofthreetimesthree Accordingtothepassage whichofthefollowinggroupsofnumberswillcertainlybringgoodlucktopeople A 3and7B 3and9C 7and9D 3and13 六 复杂句 特殊句处常考2002 women smagazinewiththegoodsadvertisedbythoseperiodicals Acarefulbalancehastobestruck ifyoushowalabor savingdevice followitupwithacomplicatedrecipeonthenextpage onnoaccounthintatthenotionthatawomancouldgetherselfajob butinsteadfosterhersenseofherownusefulness emphasizingthecreativeaspectofherfunctionasahousewife Thegoodsadvertisedinwomen smagazinesarereallymeantto A freehousewivesfromhouseworkB encouragehousewivestogoouttoworkC makehousewivesintoexcellentcooksD givethemafalsesenseoffulfillment Thegoodsadvertisedinwomen smagazinesarereallymeantto A freehousewivesfromhouseworkB encouragehousewivestogoouttoworkC makehousewivesintoexcellentcooksD givethemafalsesenseoffulfillment 七 否定处常考 Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion Theauthorthinksthatpeopleare Satisfiedwiththeirappearance ConcernedaboutappearanceinoldageFarfromneglectingwhatisinfashionReluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashion 七 否定处常考 Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion Theauthorthinksthatpeopleare Satisfiedwiththeirappearance ConcernedaboutappearanceinoldageFarfromneglectingwhatisinfashionReluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashion 八 文中人物观点处常考 Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield andsomeofthemhavefoundthattherearerealdifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen Butbeingdifferent theypointouthurriedly isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT Biologistsareconductingresearchwherepsychologistshavegivenup Braindifferencespointtosuperiorityofonesexovertheother Resultsofscientificresearchfailtosupportpopularbelief Thestructuraldifferenceinthebrainbetweenthesexeshaslongbeenknown WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT Biologistsareconductingresearchwherepsychologistshavegivenup Braindifferencespointtosuperiorityofonesexovertheother Resultsofscientificresearchfailtosupportpopularbelief Thestructuraldifferenceinthebrainbetweenthesexeshaslongbeenknown 阅读理解题目类型 事实细节题 推理判断题 语义理解题 观点态度题 主旨大意题 事实细节题 1 词语细节题2 隐含细节题 一 同义转述为解 SendingachildtoschoolinEnglandisastepwhichmanyparentsdonotfindeasytotake Intheory atleast theproblemisthatthereareverymanychoicestomake Parentsfindchoosingaschoolhardbecause thereisalimitednumberofchoicessomeschoolsareveryexpensivesomeschoolsaregovernmentschoolstheyarefacedwithavarietyofoffers 一 同义转述为解 SendingachildtoschoolinEnglandisastepwhichmanyparentsdonotfindeasytotake Intheory atleast theproblemisthatthereareverymanychoicestomake Parentsfindchoosingaschoolhardbecause thereisalimitednumberofchoicessomeschoolsareveryexpensivesomeschoolsaregovernmentschoolstheyarefacedwithavarietyofoffers 二 与原文矛盾不为解 Itwasnotuntilthe13thand14thcenturiesthatsurnamesbecamefixed althoughformanyyearsafterthat thedegreeofstabilityinfamilynamesvariedconsiderablyindifferentpartsofthecountry Welearnfromthefirstparagraph formanyyearsafterthe13thand14thcenturies familynamesbecamedescriptiveandoccupationalpeopleinsomeareasstillhadnosurnamessomepeoplekeptchangingtheirsurnamesallfamilynamesbecamefixedinEngland 二 与原文矛盾不为解 Itwasnotuntilthe13thand14thcenturiesthatsurnamesbecamefixed althoughformanyyearsafterthat thedegreeofstabilityinfamilynamesvariedconsiderablyindifferentpartsofthecountry Welearnfromthefirstparagraph formanyyearsafterthe13thand14thcenturies familynamesbecamedescriptiveandoccupationalpeopleinsomeareasstillhadnosurnamessomepeoplekeptchangingtheirsurnamesallfamilynamesbecamefixedinEngland 三 照抄原文信息不为解 Sincetheearly1930s Swissbankshadpridedthemselvesontheirsystemofbankingsecrecyandnumberedaccounts Swissbankstookpridein thenumberoftheiraccountswithholdingclientinformationbeingmysterioustotheoutsidersattractingwealthyforeignclients 三 照抄原文信息不为解 Sincetheearly1930s Swissbankshadpridedthemselvesontheirsystemofbankingsecrecyandnumberedaccounts Swissbankstookpridein thenumberoftheiraccountswithholdingclientinformationbeingmysterioustotheoutsidersattractingwealthyforeignclients 四 与原句内容相似但过于绝对化的不为解 By2005 nearlyallcollegetextsandmanyhighschoolandjuniorhighbookswillbetiedtoInternetsitesthatprovidesourcematerial studyexercisesandrelevantnewsarticlestoaidinlearning only everything all none must never alone everyone each entirely absolute any haveto no completely WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTaccordingtothepassage By2005allcollegeandschoolstudymaterialswillturnelectronic By2005printedcollegeandschoolstudymaterialswillbesupplementedwithelectronicmaterial By2005somecollegeandschoolstudymaterialswillbeaccompaniedbyCD ROMs By2005Internetlinksmakeworldwidelibrarysearchapossibility WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTaccordingtothepassage By2005allcollegeandschoolstudymaterialswillturnelectronic By2005printedcollegeandschoolstudymaterialswillbesupplementedwithelectronicmaterial By2005somecollegeandschoolstudymaterialswillbeaccompaniedbyCD ROMs By2005Internetlinksmakeworldwidelibrarysearchapossibility 五 含有模糊性的概括词往往是解 Surprisingly nooneknowshowmanychildrenreceiveeducationinEnglishhospitals stilllessthecontentorqualityofthateducation Properrecordsarejustnotkept Theauthorpointsoutatthebeginningthat everychildinhospitalreceivessometeachingnotenoughisknownabouthospitalteachinghospitalteachingisofpoorqualitythespecialchildren shospitalsareworstoff some sometimes certain someone more than less 五 含有模糊性的概括词往往是解 Surprisingly nooneknowshowmanychildrenreceiveeducationinEnglishhospitals stilllessthecontentorqualityofthateducation Properrecordsarejustnotkept Theauthorpointsoutatthebeginningthat everychildinhospitalreceivessometeachingnotenoughisknownabouthospitalteachinghospitalteachingisofpoorqualitythespecialchildren shospitalsareworstoff some sometimes certain someone more than less 推理判断题 imply infer deduce conclude Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat Welearnfromthepassagethat Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat 一 准确定位考察点 Wehaveusedsiliconchipsforonlyafewyears butlifeischangingfastereveryday Whatwilllifebeliketwentyyearsfromnow Whatwilltheworldbeliketwomillionyearsfromnow Attheendofthepassagetheauthorseemstosuggestthatlifeinfutureis disastrousunpredictableexcitingcolorful 一 准确定位考察点 Wehaveusedsiliconchipsforonlyafewyears butlifeischangingfastereveryday Whatwilllifebeliketwentyyearsfromnow Whatwilltheworldbeliketwomillionyearsfromnow Attheendofthepassagetheauthorseemstosuggestthatlifeinfutureis disastrousunpredictableexcitingcolorful Mrs McGillicuddylookedfromherwindowthroughthewindowsoftheparallelcarriages Mostoftheblindsweredown butoccasionallytheoccupantsofthecarriageswerevisible Theothertrainwasnotveryfullandwhenthereweremanyemptycarriages Mrs McGuillicuddyseemstobea an person observantB interestedC nosyD nervous Mrs McGillicuddylookedfromherwindowthroughthewindowsoftheparallelcarriages Mostoftheblindsweredown butoccasionallytheoccupantsofthecarriageswerevisible Theothertrainwasnotveryfullandwhenthereweremanyemptycarriages Mrs McGuillicuddyseemstobea an person observantB interestedC nosyD nervous 二 绝对化说法不为解 Littlewonderthelatestsurveyconcludesthattheextentandtypeofhospitalteachingavailabledifferagreatdealacrossthecountry ItisfoundthathalfthehospitalsinEnglandwhichadmitchildrenhavenoteacher Afurtherquarterhaveonlyapart timeteacher Itcanbeinferredfromthelatestsurveythat hospitalteachingacrossthecountryissimilareachhospitalhasatleastonepart timeteacherallhospitalssurveyedoffereducationtochildrenonlyone forthofthehospitalshavefull timeteachers 二 绝对化说法不为解 Littlewonderthelatestsurveyconcludesthattheextentandtypeofhospitalteachingavailabledifferagreatdealacrossthecountry ItisfoundthathalfthehospitalsinEnglandwhichadmitchildrenhavenoteacher Afurtherquarterhaveonlyapart timeteacher Itcanbeinferredfromthelatestsurveythat hospitalteachingacrossthecountryissimilareachhospitalhasatleastonepart timeteacherallhospitalssurveyedoffereducationtochildrenonlyone forthofthehospitalshavefull timeteachers 三 细节重复不为解 Everyyearthousandsofpeoplearearrestedandtakentocourtforshop lifting InBritainalone aboutHK 3 000 000 sworthofgoodsarestolenfromshopseveryweek ThisamountstosomethinglikeHK 150millionayear andrepresentsabout4percentoftheshops totalstock Asaresultofthis shrinkage astheshopscallit thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices Whydoesthehonestpublichavetopayhigherpriceswhentheygototheshops Thereisa shrinkage inmarketvalue Manygoodsarenotavailable Goodsinmanyshopslackvariety Therearemanycasesofshop lifting 语义理解题 一 同义转述为解 I vefallenintothehabitsofthesolitary Atnightthehousewasmorethaneverlikeastranger s By Atnightthehousewasmorethaneverlikeastranger s theauthorprobablymeansthat thehousewastoodarkatnight therewereunfamiliarroomsinthehouseshefeltmuchmorelonelyatnightthefurnituretheredidn tbelongtoher 语义理解题 一 同义转述为解 I vefallenintothehabitsofthesolitary Atnightthehousewasmorethaneverlikeastranger s By Atnightthehousewasmorethaneverlikeastranger s theauthorprobablymeansthat thehousewastoodarkatnight therewereunfamiliarroomsinthehouseshefeltmuchmorelonelyatnightthefurnituretheredidn tbelongtoher 二 通过所举事例解题 IntheUnitedStates theso called digitaldivide seemstobedisappearing Inearly2000 apollfound that wherehalfofwhitehouseholdsownedcomputers sodidfully43 ofAfrican Americanhouseholds andtheirnumbersweregrowingrapidly Hispanichouseholdscontinuedtolagbehind buttheirrateofcomputerownershipwasexpandingaswell Digitaldivide inthe4thparagraphrefersto thegapintermsofcomputerownershipthetendencyofcomputerownershipthedividinglinebasedondigitstheethnicdistinctionamongAmericanhouseholds Digitaldivide inthe4thparagraphrefersto thegapintermsofcomputerownershipthetendencyofcomputerownershipthedividinglinebasedondigitstheethnicdistinctionamongAmericanhouseholds 三 利用对比关系来解题 fourcategories patronymic occupational descriptiveandlocal EvensuchanameasSimpsonmaybelongtothislastgroup andnottothefirst hadthefamilyoncehaditshomeintheancientvillageofthatname Otherwise Simpsonmeans thesonofSimon asmightbeexpected Patronymic inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto formedfrom thenameofone sfatherthefamilyoccupationone sfamilyhomeone sfamilyhistory 三 利用对比关系来解题 fourcategories patronymic occupational descriptiveandlocal EvensuchanameasSimpsonmaybelongtothislastgroup andnottothefirst hadthefamilyoncehaditshomeintheancientvillageofthatname Otherwise Simpsonmeans thesonofSimon asmightbeexpected Patronymic inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto formedfrom thenameofone sfatherthefamilyoccupationone sfamilyhomeone sfamilyhistory 四 代词向前看 Butitisn tthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat languagesubjects andboysbetteratmathsandphysics Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline Thesedifferences inparagraph5refertothosein skillsofmenandwomenschoolsubjectsthebrainstructureofmenandwomenactivitiescarriedoutbythebrain Thesedifferences inparagraph5refertothosein skillsofmenandwomenschoolsubjectsthebrainstructureofmenandwomenactivitiescarriedoutbythebrain 五 借助词根 词缀来解题 Socrates methodofteachingwastoaskquestionsand bypretendingnottoknowtheanswers topresshisstudentsintothinkingforthemselves HisteachinghadunsurpassedinfluenceonallthegreatGreekandRomanschoolsofphilosophy Theword unsurpassed inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto untoldB unequaledC unnoticedD unexpected 五 借助词根 词缀来解题 Socrates methodofteachingwastoaskquestionsand bypretendingnottoknowtheanswers topresshisstudentsintothinkingforthemselves HisteachinghadunsurpassedinfluenceonallthegreatGreekandRomanschoolsofphilosophy Theword unsurpassed inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto untoldB unequaledC unnoticedD unexpected 观点态度题 一 根据体裁来判断 议论文 文章中心句说明文 作者态度往往采取中立描述性文章 观点往往不直接提出 而作者常带有某种倾向性 二 留意文中褒义词 positive supporting praising optimistic admiring interesting humorous enthusias