虚拟语气复习与练习.ppt

SubjunctiveMood虚拟语气 虚拟语气1 概念虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想 所说的是一个条件 不一定是事实 或与事实相反 Revision 一 在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类 一类为真实条件句 一类为非真实条件句 非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况 故采用虚拟语气 在条件状语从句和结果状语从句中 表示与事实相反的条件和结果 1 与现在事实相反 If主语 主语 V原2 与过去事实相反 If主语 主语 haveV ed3 与将来事实相反 If主语 主语 V原 wereV ed should wouldcould might should wouldcould might shouldwereto should wouldcould might hadV ed 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点 1 假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致 叫做错综条件虚拟语气 主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而顶 Iftheweatherhadbeenfiner thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter Ifyouhadfollowedtheteacher sadvice youwouldn tbeinthehospital 2 假设条件虚拟倒装 条件从句中有should were had三个助动词可以把if省略 并将这三个词提至句首 IfIwereyou Iwouldgiveitup WereIyou Iwouldgiveitup Ifitwerenotforyouradvice wecouldn thavegotoverthedifficulties Wereitnotforyouradvice wecouldn thavegotoverthedifficulties IfIhadhadtime Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain HadIhadtime Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain Ifthereshouldbeaflood whatshouldwedo Shouldtherebeaflood whatshouldwedo 注意 在虚拟语气的从句中 动词 be 的过去时态一般用 were 不用was 即在从句中be用were代替 IfIwereyou Iwouldgotolookforhim 如果我是你 就会去找他 Ifhewerehere everythingwouldbeallright 如果他在这儿 一切都会好的 典型例题 todothework Ishoulddoitsomeotherday A IfwereIB IwereC WereID WasI 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were should had这三个词主语提前 变成were should had 主语的形式 但要注意 在虚拟条件状语从句中 省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式 如我们可说WereInottodo 而不能说Weren tItodo Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor you allrightnow A areB wereC wouldbeD wouldhavebeen2 anychangeaboutthedate pleasetellmeimmediately A WilltherebeB ShouldtherebeC TherewillbeD Thereshouldbe3 today hewouldgettherebyFriday A WouldheleaveB WasheleavingC WerehetoleaveD Ifheleave Practise 4 Shoulditrain thecrops A wouldbesavedB wouldhavebeensavedC willbesavedD hadbeensaved5 You comeearlier Thebusleftamomentago A wouldB shouldhaveC mayD have6 Whatshouldwedoifit tomorrow A shouldsnowB wouldsnowC snowD willsnow 7 You suchaseriousmistakeatpresentifyouhadfollowedhisadvice A maynotmakeB mightnotmakeC shouldn thavemadeD mightnothavemade8 Ifitwerenotforthefactthatyou ill Iwouldaskyoutodothisrightnow A wereB hadbeenC areD shouldbe 1 如果你没有开着窗户睡觉的话 你就不会感冒了 2 要不是明天有测验我今天晚上就去听音乐会 3 如果他在这儿的话 他会帮我们的 Ifyouhadnotsleptwiththewindowopen youwouldnothavecaughtacold IfIwerenottohaveatest Iwouldgototheconcerttonight Ifhewerehere heshouldhelpus 1 Weusemixedconditionalswhenthemainclauseandtheif clauseareaboutdifferenttenses Eg Ifyouhadcomeandattendedthemeetingyesterday youwouldknowwhatwearedoingnow Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice youwouldnotbeintroublenow AnswersA 1 hadnotstudied 3 hadstudied 5 knew 7 couldhelp PartA 2 wouldnotbe 4 wouldhave 6 wouldbe 8 wouldnotbe 2 useotherwise orandphrasesbeginningwithwith withoutandbutfortoreplaceanif clauseinimpliedconditionals Withoutair therewouldbenolivingthings Butforyourhelp Icouldn thavedoneit Iwasbusythatday OtherwiseIwouldhavegonetherewiththem IfIhadn tbeenbusythatday Iwouldhavegonetherewiththem Iwouldhavefinishedthework butIhavebeenill IfIhadn tbeenill Iwouldhavefinishedthework Iftherewerenotair Ifithadn tbeenforyourhelp 3 Inadverbialclausesintroducedbyevenif asif asthoughandifonlywecanuseunrealconditionals 即使生了病 他也去办公室 Evenifhehadbeenill hewouldhavegonethisoffice 他那样对待我 好像我是陌生人似的 HetreatedmeasifIwereastranger 她谈论那部影片 就好像她确实看过一样 Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit Answers 1 Without 3 otherwise or 5 With 7 evenif 9 Ifonly PartB 2 otherwise or 4 wish 6 Without 8 without 10 asif 二 虚拟语气特殊句型 wish ifonly 现在 过去 未来 did were haddone woulddo 1 IwishIwereabird 现在 2 IwishIhadn tmadesuchamistake 过去 3 Wewishourparentswouldn tpunishus 将来 IwishIwereastallasyou 我希望和你一样高 Hewishedhehadn tsaidthat 他希望他没讲那样的话 Iwishitwouldraintomorrow 我希望明下雨就好了 2 wishtodo表达法 wishsb sthtodo Iwishtoseethemanager Iwanttoseethemanager Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce IfonlyIknewhisname Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice IfonlyIcouldseehimagain 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了 要是我没错过火车就好了 Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus IfonlyIhadn tmissedthetrain 2 It s about high time that did 你该走了 我们该去睡觉了 It shightimethatyouwent It shightimethatyouweregoing It shightimethatyoushouldgo It stimethatwewenttobed It stimethatweshouldgotobed 3 强制性虚拟语气 1 表示建议 命令 劝告 决心等主观色彩的动词 that should 动词原形 其中should经常被省略 这类动词包括 advise ask command decide decree demand desire determine direct insist maintain move 动议 规定 order prefer propose recommend require stipulate suggest等等 例如 Itispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagementthatradios should notbeplayedafter11o clockatnight 酒店管理人员恳请房客在晚上11点之后不要打开收音机 2 以上动词转化为名词 如suggestion proposal demand order command advice desire requirement request agreement determination preference resolution indication 后接同位语从句或表语从句时 从句要求用虚拟语气 其谓语部分用should 动词原形 should可以省略 例如 Weareallforyourproposalthatdiscussionshouldbeputoff 我们都支持你推迟讨论的建议 3 值得注意的是 只有suggest意为 建议 insist意为 坚持认为 时 从句用虚拟语气 当suggest意为 暗示 insist意为 坚持说 时 从句不用虚拟语气 例如 WhenthesonsuggestedthattheyshouldgotoparkonSunday theexpressiononhisfathersuggestedthatheagreedwithhim 当儿子提议星期天去公园时 父亲用表情表示了默许 Theboyinsistedthathedidn tcheatintheexam 这个孩子坚持说他没有在考试中作弊 考试已经结束 Theboyinsistedthatheshouldn tcheatintheexam 这个孩子坚持认为不应该在考试中作弊 考试还未进行 1 Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody obey therules 2 Heinsistedthatshe be seriouslyillandthat send tohospitalsatonce 3 Hesuggestedthatwe have ameetingatonce 4 Hispalefacesuggestedthathe be ill obey was besent have was 4 Itis was 形容词 过去分词 that should 动词原形 这些形容词主要表示必要性 重要性 强制性 合适性 义务性 即某人对某事的反应 这类词包括 important natural desirable possible astonishing advisable anxious appropriate compulsory crucial 重要的 eager essential fitting imperative improper necessary obligatory preferable proper urgent vital 至关重要 shocked 震撼的 requested amazing strange odd ridiculous 可笑的 surprising unthinkable incredible 惊人的 等等 例如 Itisimportantthatstudentsgraduatingfromuniversitiesshouldhavenotonlytheorybutalsopractice 大学毕业生不仅要有理论知识 更要有实践经验 这一点很重要 Itissurprisingthattheyshouldkillthetimelikethat 他们竟然这样打发时间 真是太奇怪了 4 其他类型的虚拟语气 1 由wouldrather wouldsooner hadrather wouldjustassoon 宁愿 wouldprefer等结构引导的虚拟语气 其句型结构如下 与过去事实相反wouldrather sooner 谓语动词用haddone与现在 将来事实相反wouldrather sooner 谓语动词用did例如 HetalksaboutRomeasifhehadbeentherehimself 谈论起罗马来就像他去过似的 HeordersmeasthoughIwerehiswife 他向我发号施令就好像我是他的妻子似的 2 由连接词incasethat sothat unless lost forfearthat lestthat 唯恐 引起的状语从句中 谓语动词要用虚拟形式 即should might would 动词原形 例如 Ikeepsomecandleinthehouseincasethatelectricpowershouldfail 我在家里备了些蜡烛 以防断电 Therewasdangerlestthattheplanbeknown 如果计划暴露就有危险 Sheputablanketoverthebabyforfearthatheshouldcatchcold 她在那个婴儿的身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉 5 含蓄虚拟条件句 含蓄虚拟条件句是指没有出现用if引导的条件句 而条件句的意思是用其他方式表达的 例如 Givenmemoretime Iwouldhaveworkedoutamoreperfectscheme 再给我一点时间的话 我本可以设计出更加完善的方案 Wereitnotforyourhelp Iwouldhaven tfinishedtheworkontime 要不是你的帮助 我不可能按时完成工作 常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有 1 介词或介词短语 如butforbutthat without incaseof under undermorefavourablecondition等 2 连词 如 sothat unless incasesupposing lest provided 倘若 forfearthat 惟恐 ingroupsthat onconditionthat ifonly 要是 就好了 等 注 lest forfearthat和incase引起的从句中谓语动词多用should 动词原形 但可以不用虚拟语气 而用动词的陈述语气形式 例如 Theforeignteacherspokeslowlyincasewemisunderstoodhim 这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂 Caremustbetakeninusingthismethodlestoverflowshouldoccur 在使用此法时要小心谨慎 以免会发生溢流现象 6 某些简单句的固定句型 表示祝愿或希望用虚拟语气Heavenhelphim Godblessyou Mayyousucceed LonglivethePeople sRepublicofChina Multiplechoice 1 Wedemandedthatwe ofanychangeintheplan A informedB wouldbeinformedC beinformedD hadbeeninformed2 It snecessarythathe arecognizedqualification A hasB haveC hadD having3 It shightimewe ourattentiontothisproblem A turnedB turnC hadturnedD wouldturn 4 Ifonlyyou himwhatIsaid Everythingwouldhavebeenallright A didn ttoldB hadn ttoldC wouldnottellD wouldhavenottold5 Hemusthavehadanaccident orhe herethen A wouldhavebeenB hadbeenC shouldhavebeenD couldbe6 Muchlabourwouldhavebeensavediftheelectroniccomputers before A hadinventedB wereinventedC shouldhavebeeninventedD hadbeeninvented 7 ceaseadvertising priceswouldbesignificantlyreduced A WeretheytoB CouldtheyC IftheyD Wouldthey8 Fiveminutesearlier andwe thelastbus A hadcaughtB shouldhavecaughtC couldhavecaughtD caught9 You theclothes Wehaveawasherwomantodothatsortofthing A shouldn thavewashedB mustn thavewashedC cannothavewashedD needn thavewashed 10 Jeandoesn twanttoworkrightawaybecauseshethinksthatifshe ajobsheprobablywouldn tbeabletoseeherfriendsveryoften A hastogetB weretogetC hadgotD couldhavegot11 Themadmanwasputinthesoft paddedcelllesthe himself A injureB hadinjuredC injuredD wouldinjure12 Itispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagementthatradios after11o clockatnight A werenotplayedB nottoplayC notbeplayedD didnotplay 13 Youdon thavetobeinsuchahurry Iwouldratheryou onbusinessfirst A wouldgoB willgoC wentD havegone14 Itisimportantthatenoughmoney tofundtheproject A becollectedB mustbecollectedC wascollectedD canbecollected15 Ifonlythecommittee theregulationsandputthemintoeffectassoonaspossible A approveB willapproveC canapproveD wouldapprove 16 Idon tthinkitadvisablethatTom tothejobsincehehasnoexperience A isassignedB willbeassignedC beassignedD hasbeenassigned17 You herinherofficelastFriday she sbeenoutoftownfortwoweeks A needn thaveseenB musthaveseenC mighthaveseenD can thaveseen18 Wedidn tknowhistelephonenumber otherwisewe him A wouldhavetelephonedB musthavetelephonedC wouldtelephoneD hadtelephoned 19 Itisrecommendedthattheproject untilallthepreparationshavebeenmade A isnotstartedB willnotbestartedC notbestartedD isnottobestarted20 IwishI longerthismorning butIhadtogetupandcometoclass A couldhavesleptB sleptC mighthavesleptD haveslept21 I hertothepartybutIdidn tknowherwell A oughthaveinvitedB wouldhaveinvitedC shouldinviteD mayhaveinvited22 You totowntoseethefilmlastweek ItwillbeonTVtomorrow A needn tgoB shouldnotgoC hadbetternotgoD needn thavegone 23 Wouldyouhavecalledheruphaditbeenpossible Yes butI busydoingmyhomework A WasB wereC hadbeenD wouldbe24 Itwasessentialthattheapplicationforms backbeforethedeadlineA mustbesentB wouldbesentC besentD weresent25 Butforairandwater there nolifeontheearth A wouldbeB isC willbeD havebeen 3 We theworkontimewithoutyourhelp A hadn thadfinishedB didn thavefinishedC can thavefinishedD couldn thavefinished 10 Givenmoreattention thetrees better A havegrownB hadgrownC musthavegrownD couldhavegrown 2 Hehesitatedforamomentbeforehekickedtheball otherwisehe agoal A hadscoredB scoredC wouldscoreD wouldhavescored3 We theworkontimewithoutyourhelp A hadn thadfinishedB didn thavefinishedC can thavefinishedD couldn thavefinished4 Butforairandwater there nolifeontheearth A wouldbeB isC willbeD havebeen5 Intheabsenceofmathematics science exist A cannotB isnotC willnotD wouldnot6 Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun sheat theearthatnight toocoldforustolive A wouldbefreezingcoldB willbefreezingcoldlyC wouldbefrozencoldC canfreezecoldly7 Withyourassistance we finishtheplanearlier A willB canC mustD might8 Butforhishel