介词-关系代词定从解读.ppt

介词 关系代词引导的定语从句 HarryPorterisaboywhohasmagicpower 先行词 关系词 定语从句 只代人who whom 只代物which 人和物whose that where when why 关系副词 When on in during which where on in infrontof which Why forwhich 关系副词与介词 关系代词的替代 考点一 如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词 1 找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语 表语都齐全 如齐全用关系副词 用什么关系副词看先行词 Iwillneverforgetthedays Istayedwithyou when JurassicParkisaboutapark averyrichmankeepsdifferentKindsofdinosaurs where 1958wastheyear Spielbergmadehisfirstrealfilm Pleasegivemethereason youmadesuchagreatsuccess when why Morningisthebesttime youpractisereadingaloud when Doyourememberthelake youfirstmetyourgirlfriend where 2 如定语从句中缺宾语 确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物动词 如是 用关系代词 如不是 用关系副词 考点一 如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词 Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse thegreatwriterusedtolive where inwhich Thehouse theybuiltin1987stayedupintheearthquake whichthat Luckilynoneofthepeople Iknowwerekilledintheearthquake whowhomthat Myfatherwasbornintheyear theSecondWorldWarbrokeout inwhich when 3 如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构 有主语 则用关系副词 没有主语 用关系代词 Kunmingisabeautifulplace flowersareseenalltheyearround where October1stistheday newChinawasfounded when Thewindow wasopenedthismorning hasbeenbroken Whichthat Themeeting willbeheldnextweek isveryimportant Whichthat 考点一 如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词 介词 关系代词引导的定语从句 知识点1 直接位于介词之后的关系代词只能是which或whom 构成介词 which 指物 介词 whom 指人 两种结构 例 Themantowhomyoutalkjustnowisafamousrunner 例 Theserviceaboutwhichthestudentscomplainalotshouldbeimproved 例 HeisalibraryassistantfromwhomIborrowedsomebooks 例 Itisafamousschoolfromwhichhegraduated3yearsago 例 Thechaironwhichheissittingnowismadeofwood 根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定 如何选用介词 1 Doyouknowthegirl ourheadteacheristalking 2 Ican tfindmydictionary Ipaidover 100 3 Thisisthegoodcar Ispentallmymoney 4 Sheistheteacher allhisstudentsshowrespect 5 Theteacher youhavebeenwaitingiscominginaminute to with aboutwhom forwhich onwhich towhom forwhom talkingto with aboutthegirl pay forthedictionary spendmoneyonthecar showrespecttotheteacher waitingfortheteacher 2 根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定 1 IneverforgetthedaysduringwhichIstudiedhard 2 IneverforgetthedayonwhichIwenttocollege 3 IneverforgettheyearinwhichIwenttocollege Air whichmancan tlive isreallyimportant 根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定 without Thepen whichheiswritingnowwasboughtyesterday with 1 TheGermanboss theactressworksisakindperson 2 Theperson thespeakerworkslikessinging 3 Thepenfriend thepoetwritesisgoodatliterature forwhom withwhom towhom 4 看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配 Hereferredmetosomereferencebooks whichIamnotveryfamiliar with Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter 在固定短语中介词不能提前 下面两句中的介词能提前吗 知识点2 有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配 不可以拆开 一般还是放在动语之后 不提前lookfor after forwardto carefor 照顾 喜欢 hearof about from takecareof等 例 Heisthestudent who whom that theteachersarelookingfor 例 Thenumberofthechildren who whom that shetakescareofis30 知识点3 直接位于介词后面的关系代词不能省略 但如果将介词移于句子末尾而不位于关系代词之前时 可省 例 Theman who that whom youtalktojustnowisafamousrunner 例 Theservice which that thestudentscomplainaboutalotshouldbeimproved 例 Heisalibraryassistant whom that who Iborrowedsomebooksfrom 例 Itisafamousschool which that hegraduatedfrom3yearsago 例 Thechair which that heissittingonnowismadeofwood 知识点4 关系副词when where why可以相应地转化为 介词 which结构 例 ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago 例 Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub 例 Idon tknowthereasonwhyhesaidso Idon tknowthereasonforwhichhesaidso 知识点5 注意复杂介词短语 which或whom引导的定语从句 是高考考查热点 例 Theyfinallyclimbedupthemountain ontopofwhichmanystrangebirdswereseen 例 Lookatthephoto ThisisMr Green infrontofwhomsitthreestudents 知识点6 不定代词 of which whom引导的定语从句可化为of which whom 不定代词结构 这也是高考常考点 其中用到的不定代词有some any none both all many afew few alittle little either neither one 等等 例 Thereare40studentsinourclass mostofwhom ofwhommost likeEnglish 例 Shehastwosons neitherofwhom ofwhomneither isateacher 例 Shehasmanybooks noneofwhich ofwhichnone isinteresting Theoldwomanhastwosons areteachers 两个都是 bothofwhom Wehavethreeforeignteachers arefromCanada 其中的两个 知识点7 数词 介词 关系代词 含基数词 序数词 分数和百分数 twoofwhom Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear 80 aresoldabroad A ofwhichB whichofC ofthemD ofthat 知识点8 形容词最高级 介词 关系代词 Chinahasthousandsofislands isTaiwanIsland 其中最大的 thelargestofwhich 知识点9 关系代词whose既可以指人也可以指物 whose 名词引导的定语从句可转化为the 名词 of which whom或of which whom the 名词结构 of表所属关系 例 Iliveinaroomwhosewindowsareallbroken Iliveinaroomofwhichthewindowsareallbroken Iliveinaroomthewindowsofwhichareallbroken 例 Thisismyteacherwhosehandwritingisexcellent Thisismyteacherthehandwritingofwhomisexcellent Thisismyteacherofwhomthehandwritingisexcellent 知识点10 介词 关系副词介词后不一定只能接关系代词 可能会接关系副词 主要取决于介词及句子意思 常见的是fromwhere和sincewhen 例 HeusedtoliveinLondon fromwherehecame 例 HegraduatedfromBeijingUniversityin1988 sincewhenhehasimprovedhimselfinallaspects 特殊用法 先行词是theway的时候 关系词用inwhich that或不填 Idon tlikethewayinwhichhespeakstohismother Idon tlikethewaythathespeakstohismother Idon tlikethewayhespeakstohismother 1 I llneverforgetthedays weworkedtogether 2 I llneverforgetthedays wespenttogether 3 IwenttotheplaceIworkedtenyearsago 4 Iwenttotheplace Ivisitedtenyearsago 5 Thisisthereason hewaslate 6 Thisisthereason hegave when inwhich which where inwhich which why forwhich that which 几种易混的情况 及物动词 及物动词 及物动词 介词 关系词专项练习 1 Onhis10thbirthday Martymanagestoescapefromthezooandgetsintothesubway hebelievesthathecangotothewild A whichB fromwhatC througwhichD that2 Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes peoplewereeatenbythetiger A thatB bywhichC whichD inwhich3 Iamgratefultohimforthatadvice Ioweallmysuccess A whichB thatC towhichD bywhich C D C 4 CanyoutellmewherePeterlives Overthere Thetwostoreyhouse thereisagarden A nearitB fromwhichC infrontofitD infrontofwhich5 Thecoursenormallyattracts20studentsperyear uptohalfwillbefromoverseas AinwhichBforwhomCwithwhichDofwhom6 Therearetwosmallroomsinthehouse servedasakitchen A thesmallerofwhichB thesmallofwhichC thesmallerofthemD smallestofwhich D D B 7 Ihavemanyfriends somearebusinessmen A ofthemB fromwhichC whoofD ofwhom8 Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites kiteflyingspreadtoJapan Korea ThailandandIndia A fromthatB fromwhereC fromthereD fromhere9 Formanycitiesintheworld thereisnoroomtospreadoutfurther NewYorkisanexample A forwhichB inwh