高中英语句子成分分析.ppt

句子成分 定义 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分 句子成分有主要成分和次要成分 主要成分 主语和谓语次要成分 宾语 定语 状语 补足语 表语 同位语 句子成分 主语 谓语 宾语 定语 状语 补语 表语 同位语 1 ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday 主语 谓语 定语 宾语 同位语 状语 主语 subject 句子说明的人或事物 Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano Shewentoutinahurry Fourplusfouriseight Toseeistobelieve Smokingisbadforhealth Theyoungshouldrespecttheold Whathehassaidistrue 找出句中主语 Thesunrisesintheeast 名词 Helikesdancing 代词 Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory 数词 Seeingisbelieving 动名词 Toseeistobelieve 不定式 Whatheneedsisabook 主语从句 Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree It形式主语 主语从句是真正主语 谓语说明主语的动作 状态和特征 简单谓语 由动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill Helookedaftertwoorphans 复合谓语由情态动词或助动词 动词 HecanspeakEnglishwell Hehascaughtabadcold Shedoesn tseemtolikedancing 三 宾语动作的对象或承受者 及物动词或介词的宾语 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语 直接宾语指物 间接宾语指人 Hegavemesomebooks 间接宾语 直接宾语 pleasepassmethebook Heboughtmesomeflowers Ilikemyjob Iloveyou Hewantedtoleavehere Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames 四 定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词 词组或从句 Heisacleverboy Hisfatherworksinasteelwork Thereare54studentsinourclass Doyouknownbetty ssister Heboughtsomesleepingpills Thereisasleepingbabyinbed Hisspokenlanguageisgood Imetafriendonmywayhome 形容词 名词 数词 名词的所有格 动名词 现在分词 过去分词 副词 Thegirlinredishissister Wehavealotofworktodo Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow Thereisnothinginterestinginthisbook 五 状语修饰动词 形容词 副词或整个句子 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分 Iwillbebackinawhile Theyareplayingontheplayground Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain Iwaitedtoseeyou Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus Hisparentsdied leavinghimanorphan Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary Thisbookisveryinteresting Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness Healwayscomeslatetoschool 六 宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外 还要有一个宾语补足语 说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足 使句子的意义完整 这类常用的及物动词有make consider cause see find call get have let Ifoundthebookinteresting Doyousmellsomethingburning Hemadehimselfknowntothem Sheaskedmetolendherahand Pleasemakeyourselfathome Pleasekeepthedogout Wemustkeepitasecret 主动语态变成被动语态后 宾语补足语变成主补 Ilastsawhimplayingneartheriver Hewaslastseenplayingneartheriver Theteachercaughtthestudentcheatingintheexam Thestudentwascaughtcheatingintheexam Wemadehimmonitor Hewasmademonitor Hepushedthedooropen Thedoorwaspushedopen 七 表语 系动词之后的成分 表示主语的性质 状态和特征常见的系动词有 be am is are were was appear look seem feel smell taste sound keep turn become get grow come goetc 系动词不用于被动语态 Theappletastessweet Thewarwasover Theyseemtoknowthetruth Timeisprecious I mnotquitemyselftoday Whowasthefirst Heisoutofcondition ThebookiswhatIneed 八 同位语位于名词或代词后面 说明它们的性质和情况 Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold 名词Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment 代词Heistheoldestamongthemfour 数词Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthegame 从句HetoldmethenewsthatIaminterestedin 从句 Hewent Hewentthere Hewentthereyesterday Hewenttheretoseehismotheryesterday Hewenttheretoseehismotherillinhospitalbybikeyesterday Exercises 分析句子结构 Youareastudent Hefelthappytoday Whatyousaidmademehappy CouldyougivemesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell Afterhefinishedhishomework hewentaway Helikespopmusic Istayedawakeuntil11 30oneeveninginordertohaveagoodlookatthemoonforoncebymyself Annenamedherdiarykitty