heNervousSystem-郧阳医学院.ppt

TheSkull颅 主讲 李文春 down 目的和要求 1 掌握颅的组成 脑颅 面颅的划分 名称 位置 2 掌握颅底内面观的主要结构 3 掌握眶 骨性鼻腔的形态特征和交通 骨性鼻旁窦的名称 位置及开口 4 了解新生儿颅骨的特征及生后变化 down Up Theskull颅 Theskullcontains23bones Theskullisisdividedintotwoparts cerebralcranium脑颅andfacialcranium面颅 down Up 一 Thecerebralcranium Thecerebralcraniumconsistsofeightcranialbones down Up frontal额骨ethmoid筛骨Unpairedsphenoid蝶骨occipital枕骨parietal顶骨pairedtemporal颞骨 二 Thefacialcranium Thefacialcraniumarefifteeninnumber Up maxillae上颌骨palatine腭骨pairedzygomatic颧骨bonesnasal鼻骨lacrimalbones泪骨inferiornasalconchae下鼻甲vomer梨骨Unpairedmandible下颌骨boneshyoid舌骨 down 二 Thefacialcranium 1 Themandible down Up 2 Thehyoid angleofmandible 三 Theskullasawhole颅的整体观 1 Thesuperioraspectoftheskull Up coronalsuture冠状缝sagittalsuture矢状缝lambdoidsuture人字缝 down Theskullisgenerallyovoidwhenfromabove andiswiderbehindthaninfront Itformedbyfourcranialbones Up 2 Theposterioraspectoftheskull down Themostoutstandingfeatureoftheoccipitalboneisexternaloccipitalprotuberance枕外隆凸 Theridge骨嵴passingoneachsidelaterallyoftheprotuberanceisthesuperiornuchalline上项线 3 Theinternalsurfaceofthebaseofskull down Up Itisdividedintothreefossa Thesearetheanterior themiddleandtheposteriorcranialfossa down Up frontalcrest额嵴foramencecum盲孔cristagalli鸡冠cribriformplat筛板cribriformforamina筛孔 1 Theanteriorcranialfossa颅前窝 down Up Inthecenteristhehypophysialfossa垂体窝 Infrontofthehypophysialfossaistheopticcanal视神经管 Lateraltothehypophysialfossaisthecarotidsulcus颈动脉沟 Thereareaseriesofforaminainthelateralportionofthemiddlecranialfossa foramenrotundum圆孔 foramenovale卵圆孔foramenspinosum棘孔 2 Themiddlecranialfossa颅中窝 down Up Itisthelargestanddeepestofthethreecranialfossa Thelowestpartofthefossapresentstheforamenmagnum枕骨大孔 Therearehypoglossalcanal舌下神经管内口abovetheanterolateralmarginoftheforamenmagnum 3 Theposteriorcranialfossa down Up Behindtheforamenmagnum therearetheinternaloccipitalprotuberance枕内隆凸 sulcusfortransversesinus横窦沟 sulcusforsigmoidsinus乙状窦沟 jugularforamen颈静脉孔 internalacousticpore内耳门 3 Theposteriorcranialfossa 4 Theexternalsurfaceofthebaseofskull down Up incisiveforamen切牙孔greaterpalatineforamen腭大孔posteriornasalapertures鼻后孔occipitalcondyle枕髁hypoglossalcanal舌下神经管外口jugularforamen颈静脉孔styloidprocess茎突stylomastiodforamen茎乳孔 5 Thelateralviewofskull down Up externalacousticpore外耳门mastoidprocess乳突zygomaticarch颧弓temporalfossa颞窝infratemporalfossa颞下窝pterion inthetemporalfossa thearea wherethefourbones frontal parietal temporalandsphenoid isknownaspterion翼点 6 Thefrontviewofskull Up 1 theforehead额区superciliaryarch眉弓 down 眉的形态与美容的关系 6 Thefrontviewofskull Up 2 theorbits眶 orbitalopening眶口supraorbitalforamen notch 眶上孔infraorbitalforamen眶下孔 orbitalapex opticcanal视神经管口 superiorwall lacrimalfossa泪腺窝 medialwall lacrimalsacfossa泪囊窝 nasolacrimalcanal鼻泪管 inferiorwall infraorbitalfissure眶下裂 lateralwall supraorbitalfissure眶上裂 down 6 Thefrontviewofskull down Up 3 thebonynasalcavitynasalseptem鼻中隔superiormiddleconchae甲inferiorsuperiormiddlemeatus道inferiorsphenoethmoidalrecess蝶筛隐窝 6 Thefrontviewofskull down Up 4 theparanasalsinuses鼻旁窦 thefrontal额sinuses theethmoidal筛sinuses thesphenoidal蝶sinuses themaxillary上颌sinuses 5 theoralca