人体防盗报警传感器设计毕业设计任务书.doc

无 锡 职 业 技 术 学 院毕业设计任务书毕业设计任务书课题名称 人体防盗报警传感器设计 课题需要完成的任务：1. 可行性方案分析及方案论述。2. 硬件的框图及电路设计。3. 各主要器件、单元电路等的选用方案，性能分析及功能介绍。4. 设计电路的原理图及印制板图绘制。5. 毕业设计小结课题计划：1.11.31 查资料，调研参观，初步方案设计。2.12.20 设计最佳方案；2.213.31 设计电路，绘制电路，写毕业论文。4.14.15 修改、完善毕业论文，并做答辩准备。计划答辩时间：4.164.19 电子信息技术 系（部、分院） 2008 年 12 月 16 日1无 锡 职 业 技 术 学 院毕业设计说明书（英文翻译） 英文About The Switching Power Supply TechnologyIn the electric power electronic technology application and in each kind of electrical power system, the switching power supply technology is at the core position.Mentions the analogous circuit this noun, perhaps many people will feel strange，but you certainly have heard the megaphone. When we in big conference site, clearly hears from the speaker to treat the sound which the microphone sends out，the speaker the reason that can make the very big sound，first depends on one kind to be able to make the keen response to the sound sensitive gas. It can transform the sound to the voltage signal，again passes through the enlargement electric circuit，the input signal will turn the high efficiency the output signal. In the speaker makes the very strong sound is not the sound simple expansion .Two is but is with the small input signal，enlarges the electric circuit through the transistor to control the energy size which the power source provides. The big output signal obtains in the output load.There are many types of electrical and electronic power supplies, providing various alternating current AC and direct current DC voltage for equipment operation .DC voltages are needed for most electronic circuits, and generally an electronic power supply is considered as a device that converts AC into DC.The AC voltage from the power lines can be rectified directly or passed through an isolation transformer. Depending on the value of DC voltage needed, the transformer may be of either a step-up or step-down type. After the transformer, the AC is rectified into pulsating DC by diodes in the form of a half-wave rectifier, a full-wave rectifier, or a bridge full-wave rectifier. The pulsating DC is then filtered or smooth out by capacitors, inductors, and resistors so as to produce a constant DC output. Sing-phase power what you have in your house. You generally talk about household electrical service as sing-phase, 220-voltAC service. If you use an oscilloscope and look at the power found at a normal wall-plate outlet in your house, what you will find is that the power at the wall plate looks like a sine wave, and that wave oscillates between -311volt and 311-volt (the peak are indeed at 311 volt; it is the effective volt that is 220 volt).The rate of oscillation for the sine wave is 50 cycle per second. Oscillating power like this is generally referred to as AC, or alternating current.Regarding large-scale electrolysis galvanization power source, the traditional electric circuit extremely huge but is unwieldy ，if uses high opens suddenly closes the power source technology. Its volume and the weight can large scale drop. Moreover may enormously enhance the power source using the efficiency， the economical material， reduces the cost. In electrically operated and frequency conversion cannot leave the switching power supply technology，changes through the switching power supply uses electricity the frequency. Thus achieves nearly in the ideal matching of load and the actuation control. High frequency switching power supply technology. Does each kind of high efficiency switching power supply core technology?The theoretical analysis and the experience indicated. The electrical product transformer, the inductance and the electric capacity volume weight and the power supply frequency square root has the inverse ratio. Therefore when we enhance the frequency from labor frequency 50Hz to 20kHz，Enhances 400 time, The current collector volume weight drops roughly to the labor frequency design5l0%.Regardless of is the rectification welding it rectification profession the galvanization， the electrolysis， the electrical finishing， the charge， float the charge, the electric power switch on with and so on each kind of direct-current power supply also may act according to this principle to carry on the transformation，Becomes the switch transformation class power source. Its main material may save 90% or be higher. Also may the electricity saving 30% or are more. As a result of power electronic device operating frequency upper limit gradually many to use the electron tube originally the traditional high frequency equipment solid state. Brings the remarkable energy conservation，saves water，the frugal material economic efficiency. The modulation has two aspects the meanings，First is refers to the power component the modulation. Second is refers to the power source unit the modulation. Our common component module, includes a unit， two units， six units until seven units. Including switch component and with it counter- parallel after flow diode. The materially all belongs to the standard the power module (SPM). Recent companies also install the switch component actuation protection circuit to the power module in the intellectualization the power module. Not only reduced entire machine volume, more convenient entire machine design manufacture. In fact, As a result of frequency unceasing the leads wire parasitic inductance， the parasitic capacity influence to be even more a bigger electric stress to the component. In order to enhance the system reliability, some manufacturers have developed the power module (ASPM)， It all installs machine nearly all hardware by the chip form to a module Enable between the primary device no longer to have traditional the lead wire module passes through strictly，the reasonable heat，the electricity，the mechanical aspect the optimized perfect region. It is similar in the micro electron the user special-purpose integrated circuit (ASIC). So long as controls the software to read in this module the fixes the entire module on the corresponding radiator. Thus it can be seen. The modular goal not only lies in the easy to operate, but reduces the entire machine volume. Cancels the traditional segment more the parasitic parameter to the electric stress which withstands the component falls to lowest. Moreover, high efficiency switching power supply, because the component capacity limit and the increase redundancy enhance the reliable aspect the many independent modules unit parallel work generally. Uses flows the technology. All modules share the load current together. Once some module expiration other modules equally share the load current again. Thus, not only enhanced the power capacity，Has satisfied the big electric current output request in the limited component capacity situation， Moreover said the power very small redundant power source module through the increase relatively overall system. Enormous enhances the system reliability. Even if 11，000 appears the single module breakdown. Also cannot affect the system the normal provides the full time for the repair in traditional power electronic technology. The control section is designs and the work according to the simulated signal. In six,70s，The electric power electronic technology is completely the establishment in the analogous circuit foundation. But, now the digital signal， the digital circuit appear more and more importantly. The digital signal processing technology consummates day by day maturely. Demonstrates more and more many advantageous for the computer processing control，avoids the simulated signal the distortion distorting， reduces the stray signal the disturbance, is advantageous for the software package debugging and the remote sensing regulating. Also is advantageous for from the diagnosis， fault-tolerant and so on technical implanting. Therefore，in eight， 90s，Said regarding each kind of electric circuit and the system design. The simulation technology is useful. Specially, Such as the print making butut， electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) the question as well as the power factor revises (PFC) and so on the question solution. It can not leave the simulation technology the knowledge. But regarding intellectualized switching power supply. Need to use the computer to control the time. The digitized technology could not leave. The electrical power system green has two meanings. First is the remarkable electricity saving， This meant generating capacity economy. But generates electricity is causes the environmental pollution the important reason. Therefore the electricity saving may reduce to the environment pollution. Next these power sources cannot (or are few) have the pollution to the electrical network. The international electrician committee (IEC) has formulated a series of standards regarding， IEC917， IECl000 and so on. In fact，many powers electrons electricity saving equipment. Often it can turn to the electrical network source of pours into the serious higher harmonic current to the electrical network, causes the total output factor to drop, result of the electrical network voltage coupling many burrs peaks. Even appears lacks the angle and the distortion in 20 centurys ends. Each kind of active filter and active compensator plan births. These were the 2l century volume production each kind of green switching power supply product has laid the foundation.Above this example showed in amplifies in the process， the people simulate the sound signal with the voltage signal，between this kind of physical quantity is maintaining the proportional relationship in the certain scope. The electronic circuit which the simulation electronic technology is the research which with material and so on silicon， germanium makes the electronic device composes，to changes the signal to carry on application the continuously and so on control， processing science and technology. Electronic technology according to processing signal different way， May divide into the simulation electronic technology and the numeral electronic technology. If in the electronic circuit the signal is changes continuously， then belongs to the analogous circuit; If in the electronic circuit the signal has the sudden change， the pulse -like， Then belongs to the digital circuit. These two kind of electric circuits difference lies in the electric circuit neutron component working mode active status not to be dissimilar， latter day-to-day work in switch condition, is when passes the time interval， First work in linear variation condition. The power switch in some design adopts a high frequency power conversion circuit using DC-DC converter, which controls the energy flow by controlling the time ratio of switch and shutdown, and thus produces high-quality adjustable DC output voltage. The switch has two major systems: the main control circuit and loop control circuit - the main control circuit is the main AC transformer circuit which passes rectifier filter to the loading circuit, and the control loop circuit is a circuit which controls the work statue of the main control circuit according to the input and output conditions of PWM waveform generated by UC3843. The present day power supplies use a capacitive input filter when powered from the AC power line. A resulting shortcoming is that the AC line is rectified which results in high peak currents at the crests of the AC voltage as shown in Figure 13. These peak currents are typically three to five times higher than the average current drawn by the power supply. This causes excessive voltage drop in the wiring and imbalance problems in the three phase delivery system. Also the full energy potential of the AC line is not utilized.A popular method of accomplishing this is by using a boost converter prior to the actual power supply. Boost-mode supplies exhibit the largest input dynamic range of all the switching power supply topologies. Input voltages down to 30 volts can be boosted to 370 volts on its output (higher than the highest expected peak operating AC crest voltage). The boost power factor correction circuit can be seen in Figure 37 on page 37.The bulk input filter capacitor is now placed on the output of the boost converter. The input capacitor, just following the 50/60 Hz rectify bridge is now less than 1 f. This produces an input voltage waveform to the PFC circuit that has a high level of ripple voltage and the boost converter draws its power directly from the line.Much of the designers effort during a switching power supply design is spent in identifying and minimizing the losses within the supply. Some of these losses can also present stresses to the semiconductor power components which may affect the long term reliability of the power supply. Knowing where the losses arise and how to control them is important. Most of the losses occur in the power components within the switching power supply. The most fragile components are the power semiconductors. Identifying the major sources for loss can be as easy as placing a finger on each of the components, or measuring the currents and voltages.The electronic technology is the contemporary rapid development discipline，he in the automatic control，the correspondence computer， the domestic electric appliances and so on each domain application is day by day widespread. If turns on other in the simulation electronic circuit input end like to be mad sensitive, wet sensitive，magnetism sensitive， the photosensitive heat is sensitive，presses and so on sensitively the sensitive unit，the people may manufacture the coal gas alarm apparatus， wet go to，the metal crack detector, the automatic street light controller，the temperature controller，the electron call and so on the equipment. In our daily life uses the telephone，the radio，the electronic toy， the television，are the electronic technology application product.But must pay attention specially，do not let the background picture compete，but desalinated the subject content status. In order to in a lively way cause the slide，to be vivid，we also may insert the movie and the sound. Can express any value information with the graph， Using the graph expressed the value direct-viewing understands，and may beautify the data, Increases audiences interest. Use linearity chart， cake chart， area chart of the same kind expression data，originally the quite arid data changes clear， increased the demonstration draft power greatly. Your map-read one all is makes in PowerPoint， is very attractive. From definition animation，it can cause on the slide the text， the shape， the sound， the image，the graph and other objects has the animation effect， like this may key highlight, the control information flow，and enhancement demonstration draft interest. In under the large scale integrated circuit fast development impetus, is following the electronic design automation EDA technology appearance, we definitely may not need any electric circuit template the electric circuit which at home may design through the programming conforms to us to request to come using the computer, after but will design the electric circuit template will give the electronic factory to produce. The function is more perfect not only using the EDA technical design electric circuit, moreover the electric circuit exterior structure is simpler, the volume very is small even only is a scrap integrated circuit, and such circuit design energy consumption is very small conforms to us completely to the energy conservation request. The semiconductors within a power factor correction stage have some special requirements. First, the 50/60 Hz rectifiers now have to be ultra fast rectifiers, since fast current pulses are being drawn through them. The boost output rectifier will have to be ultra fast if the boost converter is operating in the continuous-mode. The power switch has to clear the diodes reverse recovery charge. In the discontinuous-mode (Pin 200 watts), the output rectifier need not be ultra fast since there is no current flowing through the diode prior to the power switch turning on.Such modern electric power electronic technology is the switching power supply technological development foundation. And it is suitable for the higher turn-on frequency along with the new electric power electronic device the electric circuit analysis unceasing appearance. Under traditional application technology, because the switching power supply as a result of the power component performance limit the performance to come under the influence. In order to enormously displays each kind of power component the characteristic. Causes the component performance to start out from opposite directions folio closes the power source performance the influence to reduce to slightly. New power circuit analysis and new control technology. It may cause the power switch work at the zero potential or the zero electric current condition. Thus may the big enhancement operating frequency. Enhance the switching power supply working efficiency. Design the performance fine switching power supply.Efficient conversion of electrical power is becoming a primary concern to companies and to society as a whole. Switching power supplies offer not only higher efficiencies but also offer greater flexibility to the designer. Recent advances in semiconductor, magnetic and passive technologies make the switching power supply an ever more popular choice in the power conversion arena today.9中文开关电源技术在电力电子技术的应用及各种电源系统中，开关电源技术均处于核心地位。提到“模拟电路”这个名词，许多人也许会感到陌生，但你一定听说过扩音机。当我们在大会场中，从扬声器里清楚地听到发言者对着话筒发出的声音，扬声器之所以能够发出很大的声音，首先靠一种能对声音做出灵敏反应的声音敏感气件，它能把声音转换成会弱的电压信号，再经过放大电路，将输入信号变成大功率的输出信号。扬声器里发出很强的声音不是声音的简单扩大，二是而是用小的输入信号，通过晶体管放大电路来控制电源提供的能量大小。在输出负载上取得大的输出信号。对于大型电解电镀电源，传统的电路非常庞大而笨重，如果采用高顿开关电源技术，其体积和重量都会大幅度下降，而且可极大提高电源利用效率、节省材料、降低成本。在电动和变频传动中，更是离不开开关电源技术，通过开关电源改变用电频率，从而达到近于理想的负载匹配和驱动控制。高频开关电源技术，更是各种大功率开关电源(逆变焊机、通讯