An Integrated English course.docx

Unit41. Word Derivation1) insure v. insurance n. insured n.&a.保险公司可以给你保寿险。An insurance company will insure your life.未投保者需自付修理费。People without insurance had to pay for their own repairs.投保人需支付一定比例的医药费。The insured are required to pay a portion of all medical bills.2) deserve v. undeserved a. deserving a.这篇文章值得仔细研究。The article deserves careful study.他有罗密欧之称是名不副实的。His reputation as a Romeo is quite undeserved.值得同情的be deserving of sympathy3) generous a. generosity n. generously adv.贤明的统治者在胜利时能宽宏大量。A wise ruler is generous in victory.他的慷慨在困境中表现了出来。His generosity manifests itself in times of need.请慷慨施予。Please give generously.4) benefit n. / v. beneficial a.新规章对我们大家都会大有好处。The new regulations will be of great benefit to us all.这些设施使全城受益。These facilities have benefited the whole town.新鲜空气有益健康。Fresh air is beneficial to ones health.5) regret n. / v. regrettable a.我听到他去世的消息感到万分悲痛。I heard of his death with great regret.很抱歉，此事我爱莫能助。I regret that I cannot help.她粗俗无礼，令人遗憾。Her rudeness was highly regrettable.6) mirth n. mirthful a. mirthless a.圣诞节是个快乐的日子，尤其是对孩子们。Christmas is a time of mirth, especially for children.她那滑稽的装束引得客人哄堂大笑。Her funny costume caused much mirthful laughter among the guests.苦笑a mirthless laugh7) blaspheme v. blasphemy n. blasphemous a.他醉酒后总是骂骂咧咧，诅天咒地。He always swears and blasphemes when hes drunk.谋杀和亵渎神明都是不可饶恕的大罪。Murder and blasphemy are mortal sins.满屋的人都对他那亵渎神明的语言感到愤慨。The people in the room were shocked by his blasphemous language.8) revere v. reverence n. reverent a.那教授学识渊博备受敬重。The professor was revered for his immense learning.他脱下帽子表示敬意。He removed his hat as a sign of reverence.恭敬的态度姿势等reverent attitudes, gestures, etcUnit 4 Make two sentences for each word of the given explanations.1. OvershadowExplanation: If you are overshadowed by a person or thing, you are less successful, important, or impressive than they are.2. epitomeExplanation: If you say that a person or thing is the epitome of something, you are emphasizing that they are the best possible example of a particular type of person or thing.3. put a damper onExplanation: put a damper on: cause (an event, atmosphere, etc.) to be less cheerful, excited, etc.4. make a fetish ofExplanation: make a fetish of: give more respect or attention than is normal or sensible5. traipseExplanation: If you traipse somewhere, you go there slowly or unwillingly, often because you are tired or unhappy.6. trapExplanation: A trap is a trick that is intended to catch or deceive someone.Unit 5. Word Derivation1) ethic n. ethical a. unethical a.伦理学是哲学的分科。Ethics is a branch of philosophy.他的行为不太道德。His behaviour has not been strictly ethical.2) feign v. feigned a.有些动物遇到危险时便装死。Some animals feign death when in danger.他大发雷霆，不知是真的还是假的。He was consuming with indignation, real or feigned.3) spare v. sparing a. unsparing a. unsparingly ad.他们把男人都杀了，但放过了孩子。They killed the men but spared the children.尼任斯基对演技精益求精一丝不苟。Nijinsky was unsparing in his demands for perfection.他强迫自己拼命干。He drove himself unsparingly.4) cynicism n. cynic n. cynical a.他的话带着强烈的讽刺。His remark has a fine edge of cynicism.罗伯特是一个地道的怀疑主义者，他不会不假思索就相信任何事或任何人。Roberts is a real cynic; he wont accept anything or anyone at face value.他们逐渐感到所谓民主制度也不过尔尔。Theyve grown rather cynical about democracy.5) confound v. confounded a. confoundedly ad.他的所作所为让她感到既惊愕又困惑。His behaviour amazed and confounded her.你真讨厌死了！Youre a confounded nuisance!天气太热了。Its confoundedly hot.6) lubricate v. lubricant n.我需要润润嗓子。My throat needs lubricating.我们使用哪种润滑剂，主要取决于轴承的转速如何。The sort of lubricant which we use depends largely on the running speed of the bearing.7) tangle v. tangle n. entangle v.她的头发让带刺的铁网缠住了。Her hair got all tangled up in the barbed wire fence.他的财务状况是一笔糊涂帐。His financial affairs are in such a tangle.她的长发让玫瑰丛给钩住了。Her long hair entangled itself in the rose bush.8) will n. willful a.我被迫违心地在协议上签了字。I was forced to sign the agreement against my will.只要人有恒，万事皆可成。A willful man must have his way.Unit61. Word Derivation1) ponder v. imponderable n./a.他思考了几分钟才作答复。He pondered for some minutes before giving an answer.我们无法预计结果，因为有太多的不确定因素。We cant predict the outcome. There are too many imponderables.无法估计的问题an imponderable question2) poetry n. poetic a . poet n.诗歌朗诵会a poetry reading那位舞蹈家舞姿优美，富有诗意。The dancer, moved with poetic grace.他被女王封为桂冠诗人.He was awarded the poet laureate by the queen.3) accident n. accidental a. accidentally ad.他数年前死于车祸。He died in an automobile accident years ago.今天偶然遇到一位老朋友。I had an accidental meeting with an old friend today.“他是无意中损坏的吗?”“不，是故意的。”“Did he break it accidentally?” “No, on purpose.”4) seek v. seeker n. unsought a.他寻求答案，但无结果。He sought vainly for the answer.经济危机中求职者找工作困难重重。During economic crisis, job seekers are in great difficulty.爱管闲事的邻居总是给我们一些没必要的建议。The meddling neighbor insisted on giving us unsought advice.5) cuddle v. cuddly a.我可爱的小女儿走到她父亲那儿，要他抱抱她。My lovely daughter came to her father for cuddling.他是我所知的最可爱的狗狗，让人总想去抱抱他。It is the most affectionate and cuddly dog I have ever known.6) juice n. juicy a.倒果汁前，先把瓶子摇几下。Give the bottle a couple of shakes before pouring the juice.他要了一份多汁的后腿肉牛排。He ordered a juicy rump steak.7) orientate v. disorientated a. orientation n.我公司业务已转向出口方面。Our firm has been orientated towards the export side of the business.到了新地方我总是找不着方向。I always get disorientated in a new place.我在这个阶段需要熟悉情况。I needed some orientation at this stage.8) verse n. versed a.伊丽莎白时代的许多戏剧以无韵诗形式写成。Many Elizabethan plays are written in blank verse.他精通光学。He is well versed in the science of optics.Sentence making:1. refreshExplanation: To refresh sb. is to make him/her feel less tired or less hot.2. thrustExplanation: If sb. thrust(s) sth., he/she is to push this thing somewhere roughly.3. rule of thumbExplanation: If sb. is doing sth. by rule of thumb, he / she is doing it according to a rough figure or method of calculation, based on practical experience.4. break the iceExplanation: If sth. breaks the ice, it is meant to make people feel more friendly and willing to talk to each other.5. elevateExplanation: To elevate the mind, morals, etc. is to make them better or more educated.6. lendExplanation: To lend sth. to a situation or event, etc. is to give it a particular qualityUnit8 1. Word Derivation1) benefit v. beneficent a. beneficial a. beneficiary n.e.g. 我感觉自己从她的智慧当中获益良多。I feel that I have benefited greatly from her wisdom.我庆幸自己有这样一位慷慨仁慈的阿姨。 I am lucky to have such a beneficent aunt.去乡下待上一阵子对他的健康很有好处。A stay in the country will be beneficial to his health.她的丈夫是她的遗嘱的主要受益人。Her husband was the chief beneficiary of her will. 2) desire v. desirable a. desirous a.Ant. undesirable a.e.g. 这家旅馆可以提供你想要的几乎一切服务。The hotel had everything you could possibly desire.减小学校的班级规模是一个大家都想实现的目标。 Reducing class sizes in schools is a desirable aim.公爵十分盼望与您会面。The duke is desirous of meeting you. 临近工业区的房子不太受欢迎，所以通常都不好卖。Houses near industrial sites often do not sell so quickly because they are regarded as undesirable.3) horizon n. horizontal a. horizontally ad.e.g. 旅行能够拓宽你的视野。Travelling certainly broadens your horizons.请在这一页的最下方划一条水平线。Draw a horizontal line across the bottom of the page.头部保持在一个水平面上，从一侧转向另一侧。 The head turns horizontally from side to side. 4) descend v. descent n. descending a. descendant n.e.g. 这条小路沿着陡峭的山崖向下一直通向谷底。The path descended steeply into the valley. 飞机已经开始进行到达机场前的最后一段降落了。 The plane began to make its final descent into the airport. 请将这些数字进行降序排列。Arrange the numbers in descending order. 我们应该留给子孙后代一个洁净无污染的居住环境。 We should leave our descendants a clean world to live in.5) increase v. increasing a. increasingly ad.e.g. 项目自从开始以后，其成本已经大大增加。The cost of the project has increased dramatically since it began. 各方正在为了结束这次争端而付出更多的努力。 Increasing efforts are being made to end the dispute. 随着大学毕业生人数的逐年增多，大家想要找到合适的工作变得越来越难了。In view of more and more college graduates leaving campus every year, it is becoming increasingly difficult to find suitable jobs for everyone. 6) philosophy n. philosopher n. philosophical a.超前消费，活在当下，这是现如今许多年轻人的生活理念。Live now, pay later thats many young peoples philosophy of life today! 柏拉图是一位希腊哲学家。 Plato was a Greek philosopher. 对于丢掉了合同这件事，他表现得很释然。 He was philosophical about losing the contract. 7) due a. duly a.Ant. undue a. unduly ad.e.g. 他们的孩子预产期在一月份，这是他们的第一个孩子。 Their first baby is due in January.他知道自己错了，赶紧表示歉意。He knew he had been wrong, and duly apologized. 如此大的税收增幅会给当地的纳税人带来过多的负担。Such a high increase will impose an undue burden on the local tax payer. 对于当前的形势没必要过度的悲观。Theres no need to be unduly pessimistic about the situation. 8) standard a