英语虚拟语气详解及历年高考真题训练.doc

大同家教网高中英语专题练习 让大同的每个孩子都能找的起家庭教师虚 拟 语 气第一节 语气 英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气（Indicative Mood），祈使语气(Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。 第二节 虚拟语气的概念 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。 NOTE：使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点： 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整 If you had followed my advice , you would be better now. 如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了 在条件句中，可省略 if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式 If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Had you come earlier, you would have met him. 第四节 虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用 一、虚拟语气在主语从句中 A.在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .” 中，表示某事重要、奇怪、自然、必要等；that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形 （should可以省略）例如：It s important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 这类的形容词还有advisable（可取的），appropriate（适当的），compulsary（必须的），crucial（关键的），desirable（理想的），essential（必要的），imperative（迫切的），important(重要的)，possible（可能的），preferable（更好的），probable（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（急迫的），vital（极为重要的）等。 B Itis demanded/suggested/ordered/required/recommended/requested/required/. that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型，表示愿望，建议，请求等主观意愿等。 It is demanded that we should work out a plan. C.It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder proposal/recommendation/suggestion/surprise/advice that句型中从句也常用(should )+动词原型,表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。 It s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance. 二、用于宾语从句 用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。 insist, suggest, order, command, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc. 注意：suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。 The teacher suggested that we should clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。 The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意 He insisted that all of us be there on time by any means. 他坚持要求我们大家想尽办法按时去那里。 The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 那个人坚持说他没有偷钱 三、用于表语从句和同位语从句 在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request /desire/ recommendation/resolution 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should动词原形” should可以省略 My advice is that you should practice speaking English as often as possible. 我的建议是你要尽可能经常地练习说英语。 The suggestion that the mayor should present the prizes was accepted by everyone. 每个人都接受由市长颁发奖金这一建议。 第五节 虚拟语气在其他从句中 1. It is (high / about ) time that从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should动词原形，should不能省略 It s high time we went to the laboratory. 该是我们去实验室的时候了。 2. If only 引导的感叹句（要是该有多好啊；但愿)； 2.1 表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望。用过去时或would/could+动词原形表示； If only you listened to us!要是你听我们的话该多好啊！ 2.2 与过去事实相反的愿望，用过去完成时。例如： If only I had listened to the doctor s advice! 我要是听了医生的话就好了。 3. would rather，would sooner, would as soon,would prefer + 从句 也常用虚拟语气，表示宁愿、但愿之意。这种虚拟语气表示的不是与事实相反的假设，而是一种尚未实现的愿望 3.1 表示现在或将来的情况：在上述词后+主语+动词过去时。例如： I would rather you left today.我宁愿你今天走。 I would sooner my daughter attended a public school. 但愿我的女儿能上公立学校。 I would prefer he didn t stay here too long. 我倒希望他不要在这儿待得太久。 3.2 表示过去的情况，在上述词后+主语+动词过去完成时。例如： I would rather I hadn t seen that film yesterday. 我宁愿昨天没有看那场电影。 4. as if ( as though) 看起来 even if ( even though)即使 常用虚拟形式，其构成形式与wish后宾语从句里的虚拟语气的构成形式相同，表示与现在事实相反（从句意上判断），用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done)，would/could +动词原形。例如： The football fans of act as if they were crazy. 那些足球迷们经常就像疯了似的。（act与were发生在同一时间平面上） He often talks about London as though he had been there. (had been there发生在talkes之前) 他常常谈起伦敦，就好像他去过那里似的。 She often talks and talks as if she would never stop. (would never stop后于talks and talks 发生) 她常常讲起来没完没了。 5. 虚拟语气在in order that,so that,in case，lest，for fear that引导的目的状语从句中的应用，从句中的谓语动词用may(might)动词原形或should动词原形。在以lest引导的从句中，谓语动词用should动词原形。例如： He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain.他拿上了雨衣以防下雨。 He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again. 他被处以惩罚以免他再犯。 He put his coat over the child for fear that he (should) catch cold.他把外套给孩子穿上以防孩子感冒。 6.wish 后面的宾语从句中， 一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词形式为： 表现在 过去时 (表示与主句的谓语动词同时存在或先于主句谓语动词存在的与事实相反的愿望) I wish I were a bird. （were 与wish 发生在同一时间平面上） 表过去 过去完成时 （从句的谓语动词先于主句的谓语动词发生或存在，(that)+主语+had+动词的过去分词） I wish you had come to our Christmas party. 表将来 would, might, could动词原形 （从句的谓语动词后于主句的谓语动词发生或存在） I wish that the rain could stop soon.虚拟语气专项练习 1. Jack wishes that he _ business instead of history when he was in university. A. studied B. had been studying C. study D. had studied 2. The millions of calculation involved, had they been done by hand, _ all practical value by the time they were finished. A. had lost B. would lose C. would have lost D. should have lost 3. It is essential that these application forms _ back as early as possible. A. must be sent B. are sent C. will be sent D. be sent. It is important that the hotel receptionist _ that guests are registered correctly. A. has made sure B. must make sure C. made sure D. make sure 5. It was essential that the application forms _ back before the deadline. A. must be sent B. be sent C. would be sent D. were sent 6. It s necessary _ the dictionary immediately. A. that he will return B. that he return C. that he returned D. that he has to return7. It is important that enough money _ to fund the project. A. be collected B. was collected C. must be collected D. can be collected 8. I don t think it advisable that Tom _ to the job since he has no experience. A. is assigned B. be assigned C. will be assigned D. has been assigned 9. The suggestion that the mayor _ the prizes was accepted by everyone. A. would present B. present C. ought to present D. presents 10. We are all for your proposal that the discussion _. A. be put off B. should put off C. was put off D. is to put off 11. You _ him so closely; you should have kept your distance. A. shouldn t have been following B. mustn t follow C. couldn t have been following D. shouldn t follow 12. The manager would rather his daughter _ in the same office. A. does not work B. had not worked C. not to work D. did not work 13. Wouldn t you rather your child _ to bed early? A. go B. would go C. went D. goes 14. I d rather you _ make any comment on the issue for the time being. A. don t B. didn t C. wouldn t D. shouldn t 15. Mike s uncle insists _ in this hotel. A. staying not B. that he would not stay C. not to stay D. that he not stay 16. As Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, I have directed that all measures _ for our defense. A. had been taken B. be taken C. would be taken D. to be taken 17. The manager of the hotel requests that their guests _ after 11:00 p.m. A. not to play loud music B. don t play loud music C. shouldn t play loud music D. couldn t play loud music 18. We desire that the tour leader _ us immediately of any change in plans. A. inform B. informs C. informed D. has informed 19. He suggested _ to tomorrow s exhibition together. A. us to go B. we shall go C. we went D. we go 20. Sometimes I wish I _ in a different time and a different place. A. be living B. would live C. were living D. would have lived21. I wish I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept B. might have slept C. slept D. have slept 22. Jean doesn t want to work right away because she thinks that if she _ a job she probably wouldn t be able to see her friends very often. A. has to get B. had got C. were to get D. could have got 23. If the whole operation _ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost. A. was not planned B. had not been planned C. has not been planned D. were not planned 24. Had he worked harder, he _ the exams. A. must have got through B. would get through C. would have got through D. could get through 25. _ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party. A. Had they arrived B. Were they arriving C. Would they arrive D. Were they to arrive 26. _ right now, she would get there on Sunday. A. Would she leave B. Were she to leave C. If she leaves D. If she had left 27. _ for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand. A. Not being B. Without being C. Had it not been D. Not having been 28. _ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now. A. Had it not been B. Weren t it C. It were not D. Had not it been 29. If it _ too much trouble, I d love a cup of tea. A. isn t B. weren t C. wasn t D. hadn t been 30. If I hadn t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _ now. A. wouldn t be smiling B. won t smile C. couldn t have smiled D. didn t smile 31. We didn t know his telephone number; otherwise we _ him. A. would have telephoned B. would telephone C. must have telephoned D. had telephoned 32. He must have had an accident, or he _ then. A. would have been here B. should be here C. had to be here D. would be here 33. Some women _ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family. A. must make B. should have made C. would make D. could have made 34. We _ to start our own business, but we never had enough money. A. have hoped B. had hoped C. would hope D. should hope 35. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _ himself. A. injure B. injured C. had injured D. would injure 36. You are very selfish. It s high time you _ that you are not the most important person in the world, Edgar said to his boss angrily. A. realized B. realize C. have realized D. should realize 37. It s already 5 o clock now. Don t you think it s about time _ ? A. we are going home B. we went home C. we go home D. we can go home 38. If only the committee _ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible. A. approve B. can approve C. will approve D. would approve39. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _ your advice. A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed 40. I m sure he is up to the job _ he would give his mind to it. A. if only B. in case C. until D. unless 虚拟语气历年高考题 1. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. A. have had B. had had C. have D. had 2. If my car _ more reliable, I would have driven to Lasa instead of flying last summer. A. was B. had been C. should be D. would be 3. We _ the difficulty together, but why didn t you tell me? A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced 4. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _ more places of interest yesterday. A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited 5. Grace doesn t want to move to New York because she thinks if she _ there, she wouldn t be able to see her parents very often. A. lives B. would live C. having asked D. were to live 6. But for the help of my English teacher, I _ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won 7. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don t think we _ it without you. A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed 8. _ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be 9. - Do you mind if I open the window? - _ I feel a bit cold. A. Of course not. B. I d rather you didn t. C. Go ahead. D. Why not? 10. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldn t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall 11. What would have happened _, as far as the riverbank? A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther 12. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored 13. If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he wouldn t suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie 14. Without the air to hold some of the sun s heat, the earth at night _ , too cold for us to live. A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly 15. You didn t let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. A. drove; didn t get B. drove; wouldn t get C. were driving; wouldn t get D. had driven; wouldn t have got 16. _ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not 17. Jane s pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination. A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was; has 18. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 19. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 20. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years. A. should be B. would be C. have be D. had been 21. If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it _ all day. Arained B. rains C. has rained D. is raining 22. They _ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they d never have been able to afford to go. A. had got B. got C. have got D. get 23. - Don t you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York? - I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to. A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what 24. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energyAwould have been saved Bhad been saved Cwill be saved Dwas saved 25. John went to the hospital alone. If he _ me about it, I would have gone with him. A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 26. - The weather has been very hot and dry. - Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables _.A. wouldn t die B. didn t die C. hadn t died D. wouldn t have died 27. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I d rather he_more on its culture. A .focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused 28. If we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken 29. - Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. - I _ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended 30. Where are the children? The dinner s going to be completely ruined I wish they _ always late A. weren t B. hadn t been C. wouldn t be D. wouldn t have been答案与解析 1. D 译文：杰克宁愿在大学学的是商务而不是历史。 本句是wish 后接虚拟语气的用法。在wish 后面所接的宾语从句中，要用虚拟语气结构。 其主要形式有三种： 表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish +主语+动词过去式； 表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish +主语+had+过去分词； 表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish +主语+would+动词原形。 2. C 译文：数以百万计的相关计算，如果由人工操作的话，到计算完成时早已失去其实用价值。 本句是条件句中与过去事实相反的虚拟语气结构的用法。由省略if 的从句(had they been done by hand)中的时态可知，C为正确答案。 3. D 译文：这些申请表尽快寄出是极其必要的。 本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气用法。在It is important/necessary/ that-clause 结构中，that 从句中谓语动词常用虚拟语气，其形式为：(should)+动词原形。这一结构是否用虚拟语气取决于主句It is important/ that 中的形容词（如本句中的important ）。 4. D 译文：旅馆接待员必须确保旅客登记正确，这点是很重要的。 本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气的使用。 5. B 译文：申请表务必在截止日期之前寄回。 本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气的使用。 6. B 译文：他必须马上归还字典。 本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气的使用。 7. A 译文：重要的是募集足够的钱，为这个项目提供资金。 本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气的使用。 8. B 译文：汤姆缺乏经验，指派他做这项工作我认为是不合适的。 本句涉及复合宾语从句中的虚拟语气的使用。在以it 为形式宾语的复合宾语从句中也可以用虚拟语气，其形式为：(should) +动词原形。这一结构中的虚拟用法主要取决于作补语的形容词 advisable。 9. B 译文：大家都接受了让市长发奖的建议。本句涉及同位语从句中的虚拟语气用法。英语中在表示命令、建议、劝告、愿望、要求等词后所接的同位语从句中，从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气，其形式为：(should)+动词原形。常用的这类词有suggestion, advise, order, recommendation, requirement, command, proposal等名词。 10. A 译文：我们都支持你提出的推迟讨论的建议。 本句涉及同位语从句中的虚拟语气用法。 11. A 译文：你本不该跟他跟得这么紧；你本该保持一定距离的。 本句涉及-暗含虚拟句。“should/ought not+ have+ 过去分词”表示“本不应该做某事，但却做了”，含有某种责备的口气。“should/ought to+have+过去分词”表示“本应该做某事，却未做”。 例如：You should have returned the book last week. 你本来应该上周就该归还这本书。（但上周并未还） 12. D 译文：经理宁愿他女儿不和他在同一个办公室上班。 本句涉及宾语从句中的虚拟语气的用法。在would rather,would sooner, would just as soon, might as well 和would prefer 等后面所跟的从句中，也可用虚拟语气，表示愿望，意为“宁愿”、“但愿”。其形式为：