ConceptsofRecoveryRehabilitation：恢复和康复的概念.ppt

LIVELIHOODS Issues Options andLessons AToolforBuildingBackbetter 2 KEYISSUES Issue1 REPLACINGPRODUCTIVEASSETSOption1 Providecash materialassistanceOption2 Createtemporaryincome earningopportunitiesOption3 ProcurelocalgoodsandservicesOption4 UsemarketchainanalysisforbetterrecoveryIssue2 IMPROVINGLIVELIHOODPROMOTIONOption1 EngagedevelopmentactorsinlivelihoodprogrammingOption2 Buildandstrengthenmicro financeinstitutionsOption3 InterveneinmarketsOption4 Ensureenvironmentalsustainability 3 REPLACINGPRODUCTIVEASSETS I ProvideCash MaterialAssistance ExamplesofOption1 AToolforBuildingBackbetter 4 Case1 Villagelevelcashgrants MYANMAR BackgroundCycloneNargis2008Howtoprovidecashgrantsthatavoidstension WhatisUnique Village leveltargetinginsteadofhouseholdtargetingProcessSavetheChildrenMyanmarpioneeredprojectCriteriasetFormationof LivelihoodCommittees ateachvillageLessonsPreventedtensionsandfrustrationsMonitoringandevaluation assessedrealimpactCriteriadevelopment sound sociallyaccepted AToolforBuildingBackbetter 5 Case2 VillageLivelihoodGrant CHINA Background2008SichuanEarthquakeCostlyrebuildingofhousesbyhouseholds communitiesWhatisUnique Promotescommunities decisioninlivelihoodrecoveryProcessWorkshoparrangedbySichuanAcademyofSocialScience SASS assessmentandplanning ayearafterFundingfromGive2AsiaChinaEarthquakeRecoveryFundEco agriculturalModelforLivelihoodRecoveryLessonsCommunityatthecenteroflivelihoodplanningLocalgovernmentbackingGender sensitiveconsiderations traditionallivelihoods AToolforBuildingBackbetter 6 Case3 CommunityCashGrants ORISSA INDIA Background1998CycloneBoatsandgearsoffarmersdamaged destroyedWhatisUnique Useofcommunitycashgrantsinreplacingboatsandgearsofover120familiesProcessNGOcalledVHAIcontactedbyfamers thenfacilitatedassistanceDFIDofUKprovidedgrantstoreplaceon25boats Thisimpliesthat1boatshallbesharedby5familiesApproach committeessetup localcarpentershired 50 ofcosttoberepaidLessonsBoatsmaterializedbecauseofcommunitygrantsinsteadofhouseholdCommitteeisbuiltonexistingpracticesLocalcarpentersensuredculturallyaccepteddesigns AToolforBuildingBackbetter 7 Case4 LivelihoodReliefFund INDIA BackgroundTsunami2004Howtoreplacemostneededassets WhatisUnique Demand drivenassetreplacementProcessFundsfromAllIndiaDisasterMitigationInstitute AIDMI LRFstaffvisitsaffectedcommunitiesRecipientsconsultedonmostneededassetsforreplacementLRFconsultseveralvendorsandnegotiateforassetspriceLessonsAssistanceusedasintendedConsiderations timeconsuming staff intensive highonadministrativecosts AToolforBuildingBackbetter 8 Case5 UncoordinatedProvisionofBoats SRILANKA Background2004TsunamiFishermen slivelihoodsseverelyaffectedWhatisProblematic BoatsdidnotmatchcommunityrequirementsProcessMultipledonorsandNGOsprovidingboats uncoordinatedMoreboatsresultedtoover fishingSEWAcancelledtheorderofover2 000canoesLessonsConsiderationsofcontext specificneedsComplexeffectofreplacements marineecosystem economySignifiestheimportanceofconsultationandcoordination AToolforBuildingBackbetter 9 Case6 FlexiVouchers MALAWI BackgroundProvisionof ShelterPacks ofseedsandfertilizerstraditionallypracticedBeneficiaries feedbacks andmodificationsmadeWhatisUnique VouchersmadeflexibleProcessVoucherscanbeexchangedforcashorseedsNGO GovernmentpartneredintheprovisionofflexivouchersLessonsUseofvoucherswhenmostneededFlexibility season sensitivevouchers Seeds FarmingTools http crs org kenya finding peace post conflict 11 REPLACINGPRODUCTIVEASSETS I CreateTemporaryIncomeEarningOpportunities ExamplesofOption2 AToolforBuildingBackbetter 12 Case7 CashforWork secondincarnation INDIA Background2005Floods Kheda GujaratIncomeforaffectedcommunities WhatisUnique UseofCFWapproachinconstructingnewdrainagesystemProcessAIDMICFWprogramPro activelyincludedpooresthouseholdsbasedonAIDMIexperienceinSouthIndiaLessonsPro activelyengagedpoorestpeopleConsideration CFWcanundermineessentiallivelihoodsactivitiesSpecialarrangementsbasedoncapacitiesofindividuals e g women AIDMIhaslongexperienceofCFWapproach AToolforBuildingBackbetter 13 Case8 RoadConstruction NIAS INDONESIA Background2004TsunamiInfrastructurereconstructionapproach WhatisUnique Employment intensivereconstructionof200kmruralroadsProcessPartnership Government BRR localgovernment ILO MultidonorsToT capacitybuildingprogramsfordistrictpublicworksandfacilitatorsOver400 000workersgeneratedEvaluation superiorquality cheaper buildbackbetterLessonsLabor basedoverequipment basedapproachContractorswithToTincreasedvalue recognitionTransparency engagingmoreactorsUtilizationoflocalproducts services andmaterials AToolforBuildingBackbetter 14 Case9 EmploymentCenters ACEH INDONESIA Background2004TsunamiUnemployed 600 000WhatisUnique ILOalignedjob seekerswithemployersthroughlocalcentersProcessPartnership Government ILOFunds UNDP GovernmentofAustraliaCenters existingvocationtrainingcentersatlocalgovernmentsDatabaseofskilledpeopleinAcehLessonsDatabasecanbepowerfultoolforjobmatchingAsexistingstructure itcanprovidecounselingandreferralsItcaninformrecovery relatedrecoverypoliciesItcanprovideappropriatetraining Employmentcenters http good 16 REPLACINGPRODUCTIVEASSETS I ProcureLocalGoods Services ExamplesofOption3 AToolforBuildingBackbetter 17 Case10 HousingReconstruction Yogyakarta INDONESIA Background2006EarthquakeUSD600Millionforcommunity owner drivenreconstructionWhatisUnique Trainingprogramforhomeownersandlocalskilledpeopleforpermanenthousingreconstruction ProcessSkillstrainingRevitalizationofmicro smallenterprises unemploymentdropped LessonsHugecashinjectioncanboastlocaleconomyCommunity ownerdrivenapproachensurethathousingmeetsspecificlivelihoodneedsTrainingprogramimprovedcapacity quality 18 REPLACINGPRODUCTIVEASSETS I UseofMarketChainAnalysis ExamplesofOption4 AToolforBuildingBackbetter 19 Case11 MarketChainAnalysisforLivelihoodIntervention HAITI Background2004FloodMarketfunctioningseverelydamagedWhatisUnique MarketchainanalysisconductedtorecoverynormalmarketfunctioningProcessAssessmentofsupplychain Figure1 Affectedpoorest CFW FoodVoucherprogramsMadamSares vouchersfortrade livestocksMiddlemen vouchersfortradeSuppliers noassistanceLessonsAnalysishelpedtailoredtypeofassistanceAnalysisinformhowtorestoreeconomicactivities ConditionsPostFloodsandLandslides TransportandStorageFacilityDestroyedLeftwithdebttopay LostPackAnimalfortransportsandstock LostPackAnimalfortransportsandstock Figure1MarketChainAnalysis AToolforBuildingBackbetter 21 Case12 MarketChainAnalysisforTargetedLoans HAITI Background2004KeysuppliersrunoutofstocksCauses a cashflowcrisis repaymentproblems b fuelprices transportationinsecurityConsumersseverelyaffectedWhatisUnique UseofmarketchainanalysistoappraisethesituationProcessPartnership Fonkoze ConcernWorldwideLoans targetedto16suppliersCriteria putinplaceforsuppliersLessonsOrganizationwithlonghistoryofworkinginthefieldcaneasilyspottheproblemTailoredloans reinvigoratedmarketflow 22 IMPROVINGLIVELIHOODPROMOTION II EngageDevelopmentActors ExamplesofOption1 AToolforBuildingBackbetter 23 Case13 LocalNGOtakingonlivelihoodrecovery INDIA Background2004Tsunami someremoteareasinTamilNadureceivedlessattentionWhatisUnique PeoplesActionforDevelopment PAD reinforcesexistingcommunityself helpgroups SHG ProcessPADpartnerswithDistrictGovernmentRecoveryassistanceonfishing boats gears nets etc SHGpaidgiftedboats VillageDevelopmentCommittees VDC Micro finance micro insuranceschemesLessonsSpecificattentiononrangeoflivelihoodsParticipatoryapproachWell establishedandcommittedNGO AToolforBuildingBackbetter 24 Case14 EngagingUniversityandPrivateSectors INDONESIA Background2006Earthquake craftindustryseverelyaffectedProblem noorder nobuyer noincomeWhatisUnique Facilitated order based programforsilvercraftProcessCollaboration GMU ExxonMobil localgovernmentTwo year order based program tobesustainableafterUGM facilitatedorderExxonMobil markets fundingLocalgovernment assistanceinproduction programLessonsCollaborationdrawsexpertiseandresourcesofwiderangeofstakeholdersTechnicalsupportprovidedbyacademicinstitutions Website 26 IMPROVINGLIVELIHOODPROMOTION II Build StrengthenMicro FinanceInstitutions ExamplesofOption2 AToolforBuildingBackbetter 27 Case15 TailoringLoansforPoorFarmers BANGLADESH BackgroundRecurrentfloods cyclonesFarmersoftenseverelyaffected yetexcludedfromborrowingsWhatisUnique IntroductionofnewapproachoffinancingservicestopoorfarmersProcessPartnership PKSF micro financeinstitution IFADNewFinancialService graceperiod extendingpayments seasonalloansCapacitybuilding farmingtechniques cropdiversification animalhusbandryLessonsTailoredloansbeneficialtopoorfarmersApproachfreesfarmersfromlong termdebt AToolforBuildingBackbetter 28 Case16 InsurancetoPoorestPopulation GUJARAT INDIA Background2001EarthquakeLivelihoodsofpoorestwomenaffectedWhatisUnique IntegratedmicrofinancepackagelinkingwithinsuranceandsavingsProcessSEWAcombinessavings credit andinsuranceInsurancepremiumoptions lumpsumorsavingforitmonthlyIfwomancannotpaybyendofyear itwillbetreatedasloanLessonsTheprogrammitigatedamageandrecoverylivelihoodsimmediatelyBuffersimmediateimpactsofdisastertolivelihoods 29 IMPROVINGLIVELIHOODPROMOTION II InterveneinMarkets ExamplesofOption3 AToolforBuildingBackbetter 30 Case17 RESTART BusinessDevelopmentServices THAILAND Background2004TsunamiSMEsoftwoprovincesseverelyaffected Phuket Phang Nga WhatisUnique Re establishmentofSMEsthroughcredit trainingonbusinessmanagementanddevelopmentplanningProcessRESTARTBusinessCentersinpartnershipwithMinistryofIndustryStaffofcenters Ministrystaff localbusinessconsultantsApproach consultation planning settingup loan linkagewithlocalbanksLessonsValueofqualifiedconsultantsLinktostartuploansMoIbackingimprovescreditworthiness AToolforBuildingBackbetter 31 Case18 CreatingCommodityAssociations ZIMBABWE BackgroundWhilefarmersincreasecapacitytoproduce marketsforproductsbecameproblematicLackofvitalinformatio