《现在完成时》语法复习t.ppt

现在完成时态 ThePresentPerfectTense studyEnglish HowlonghaveyoubeenstudyingEnglish IhavebeenstudyingEnglishfortwoyears 2009 now WhendidyoustartstudyingEnglish In2009 现在完成时Presentperfecttense 构成 助动词have has 过去分词 1 肯定句现在完成时的肯定句式是 have has 过去分词 注意 该句式中的have或has是助动词 has用于第三人称单数 其它人称一律用have eg Hehaseatensupper Theyhaveeatensupper 2 疑问句现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前 回答用 Yes have has No haven t hasn t 3 否定句 现在完成时的否定句式是 haven t hasn t 过去分词 eg Hasheeatensupper Yes hehas No hehasn t eg Hehasn teatensupper Theyhaven teatensupper 现在完成时态的分类 用法一 1 表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 强调结果现在还存在 例如Ihavejustcleanedmyclothes 我刚洗过衣服 洗衣服 是发生在过去的动作 对现在造成的结果是 衣服干净了 Ihavejusthadmybreakfast 对现在的影响 不饿 Hashehadhisbreakfast Yes hehas Whendidhehavehisbreakfast Hehadbreakfastat6 00 1 Myfatherboughtmanybooksformeyesterday Now Ihavealottoreadbecause 2 Isawthisfilmlastweek Now IknowthisfilmbecauseI 3 Ididmyhomeworkyesterday Now IcangiveittotheteacherbecauseI myfatherhasboughtmanybooksforme haveseenitbefore havedoneit 通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just 谓语动词之前 刚刚 already 已经 肯定句 before yet 一般疑问 句末 已经 否定句 还 never ever 疑问句 twicerecently 近来 等状语连用1Tomhasalreadyfinishedhishomework Tomhasn tfinishedhishomeworkyet 2Ihavejusthadmylunch Shehasn tseenyoubefore 3Haveyouevereatenfish Ihavenevereatenfish Ihaveneverheardofthatbefore Haveyoueverriddenahorse Shehasalreadyfinishedthework Haveyoumilkedthecowyet Yes Ihavedonethatalready I vejustfinishedmyhomework Hehasnotcomeyet Exercises 1 I have lunchalready 2 thetrain arrive yet 3 Tom never be toChina 4 Thetwin just see myfather 5 Thetwins see myfatherjustnow 6 youever ride ahorse Never havehad Hasarrived has been has seen saw haveridden 7 you clean theroom Yes we do thatalready When you do it We do itanhourago 8 he see thisfilmyet No When he see it He ittomorrow 9 Howmanytimes you come here Once Have cleaned havedone did do did Has seen will see willsee have come 1你已经问过这个问题两边了 别再烦我了 2我能借你的字典用一下吗 对不起 已经借给tom了 3你以前见过她吗 不 从来没有过 4你曾经去过北京吗 是的我去过那儿三次 5你已经看完那本小说了吗 是的 我已经把它还给图书馆了 用法二 表示过去已经开始 持续到现在的动作或状态 也可以表示一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去 A动词使用延续性动词 B和表时间段的时间状语连用 常与for或since引导的时间连用sofar upto tillnow inthelast past 一段时间 allone slife bynow thesedays thesedays fortwoyears since1984 sincehecamehereIhaven tseenherthesedays ShehaslearntEnglishfor3years since3yearsago Theyhavelivedheresince1990 WhathashappenedtotheUSAinthelast350years 注意 1 since 一段时间 ago for 时间段 sincetwoweeksago fortwoweeks Ihavekeptthelibrarybookforaweek Ihavekeptthelibrarybooksinceaweekago 2 since 时间点 for 时间段since2000 for years 3 since 从句 常用一般过去时 TheGreenshavelivedinBeijingsincetheymovedtoBeijingfromParis 4 Itis hasbeen 一段时间 since从句 自从某事发生已有一段时间了 Itis hasbeentwoyearssincemybrotherjoinedthearmy 一 用for和since填空 threehours threeo clock twodays yesterdayafternoon Icamehere lastSunday aweek alongtime 1997 twoweeks threeyearsago lastmonth for since for since since since for for since for since since 用for和since填空 TheyhavebeenlearningChinese theycametoChina 2 Ihaven tseenher alongtime 3 Hehasbeenlivinghere 2001 4 Shehasbeendoingherhomework twohours 5 It s5years weleftschool 6 HowlonghasMarybeenateacher twoyearsago Haveatry since for since for since Since 用for或since填空 1 JillhasbeeninIreland Monday 2 JillhasbeeninIreland threedays 3 MyaunthaslivedinAustralia 15days 4 Margaretisinheroffice Shehasbeenthere 7o clock 5 Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry 1974 6 Thebusislate We vebeenwaiting 20minutes 7 Nobodylivesinthosehouses Theyhavebeenemptymanyyears 8 Mikehasbeenill alongtime Hehasbeeninhospital October9 It stenyears wemeteachotherlasttime 10 HehastaughtEnglish 25years 11 TheGreenshavelivedonthefarm 1990 12 Theyhavebeenpracticingtheguitar twohours 13 Howlonghaveyoubeenareporter 8yearsago 14 Ihaven tgoneforawalkinthepark alongtime 15 He sbeencollectingstamps hewasinprimaryschool 16 Peterhasbeentosummercamp 3times 1我自从上周三以来都没有看过电视了 2教室这么脏 谁没有扫 3我自从98年来这儿 一直在二中教英语 4她自从三岁开始一直在这儿住 5在刚刚过去的半年里我已经教了许多好朋友 6你爸爸在那个工厂工作多久了 自从我们99年搬家来这儿 三 非延续性动词与现在完成时短暂性动词在肯定句 疑问句中不能与时间段连用 这些动词是 become begin buy borrow arrive come die fall finish gettoknow go join leave marry等 为了表述这种意思 我们常用相应的延续性动词have keep等来代替非延续性动词 他入党五年了 HejoinedthePartyfiveyearsago HehasbeeninthePartyforfiveyears HehasbeenaPartymemberforfiveyears itisfiveyearssincehejoinedtheParty电影开始五分钟了 Thefilmbeganfiveminutesago Thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes Itisfiveminutessincethefilmbegan 常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变 第一类 动词be adj diefinishopen closefallill asleepmarrysb getmarriedto第二类 动词be 介词 start beginleavejoin bedead beawayfrom bein beamemberof beopen closed beon beover beill asleep bemarriedto 第三类 动词另一个动词buyborrowget beginto延续性v becomeputoneg keep have be 延续性v wear Hisfatherdied2yearsago Thefootballmatchbeganat9 00a m Thetwinsjoinedthearmywhentheywere18yearsold MyteacherleftNanjing3daysago Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor2years sincetwoyears Thefootballmatchhasbeenonsince9 00a m Thetwinshavebeensoldiers inthearmy membersofthearmysincetheywere18yearsold MyteacherhasbeenawayfromNanjingfor3days since3daysago 巧记瞬间性动词的转换 开始离去借来还 出生入死买到家 穿衣入睡要感冒 开开关关变结束 结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语 arriveat insp getto reachsp come go movetosp beinsp atschool athome onthefarm behere bethereHegottoBeijingfiveminutesago HeBeijingfor 2 ImovedtotheUSAin2008 ItheUSAsince 3 Iwenthomeyesterday Ihomefor 4 Theycameherelastweek They heresince cometo gobackto returnto bebacktogoout beoutHecameouttwoyearsago He for 2 WereturntoBeijingyesterday We toBeijingsince become beIbecameateacherin2000 I ateacherfor 2 Theriverbecamedirtylastyear Theriver dirtyfor close beclosedopen beopenTheshopclosedtwohoursago Theshop for 2 Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning Thedoor forsixhours getup beup die bedead leavesp beawayfromsp fallasleep gettotsleep beasleep finish end beover marry bemarried 1 Igotuptwohoursago I since 2 HeleftShanghaijustnow He Shanghaiforfiveminutes 3 Mygrandpadiedin2002 Mygrandpa for 4 Themeetingfinishedatsix Themeeting forsixhours 5 Igottosleeptwohoursago I since 6 Theymarriedin1990 They since start begintodosth dosth begin beon1 Ibegantoteachatthisschoolin1995 I atthisschoolsince 2 Thefilmbegantwominutesago Thefilm for borrow keep lose nothave buy have puton wearcatch getacold haveacold gettoknow know1 Theyborroweditlastweek They itsince 2 Iboughtapentwohoursago I apenfor 3 Igottoknowhimlastyear I himsince 4 Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago I myglassesfor have hasgoneto havebeeninHehasgonetoBeijing He Beijingfortwodays jointheleague theParty thearmy bealeaguemember aPartymember asoldier beamemberoftheleague theParty beintheleague theParty thearmy1 Hejoinedtheleaguein2002 He a fortwoyears He a the fortwoyears He theleaguefortwoyears 2 Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago Mybrother a for Mybrother in fortwoyears 注意点四 havebeenin havebeento与havegoneto的用法1 have has beenin表示 在某地 多长时间 现在仍在那里 常与表示一段时间的状语连用 例如 Mr BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays 布朗来上海已经有三天了 TheyhavebeeninCanadaforfiveyears 他们到加拿大有五年了 2 have has beento表示 曾经去过某地 现在已经不在那里了 可与just ever never等连用 例如 Ihavejustbeentothepostoffice 我刚才去邮局了 MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall 玛丽从未去过长城 HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhoubefore 你以前曾经去过杭州吗 Have has beento后面可接次数 表示去过某地几次 例如 Theyhavebeentothatvillageseveraltimes 他们去过那个村庄好几次了 3 have has goneto意为 到某地去了 表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中 总之 说话时该人不在现场 例如 WhereisTom Hehasgonetothebookshop 他到书店去了 JackJohnsonhasgonetoLondon 杰克 约翰逊到伦敦去了 have hasbeento和have hasgoneto的用法区别 1 Have hasbeento 地名 表示曾经去过某地 说话时已经回到说话地点 常与once twice ever never等时间连用 2 have hasgoneto 地名 表示去某地了 现在没有回答 人不在说话地点 巧记 beento goneto意不同 两者用法要记清 havebeento 地名 曾经到过某地行 havegoneto 地点 到某地去了一走远 用have hasbeento和have hasgoneto填空 Hi Lucy youeverBeijing No I Whataboutyoursister Lily Oh sheChengdu shewillcomebacknextweek Ok thanks You rewelcome havebeento haven t hasgoneto 用法四 用have hasbeento in havegoneto及go的各种形式填空 1 WhereisJackHe hiscountry 2 David theparkjustnow 3 John Englandsincehecameback 4 Howlong they thisvillage5 TheSmiths Beijingforyears 6 yingforyears 6 youever America Yes I theremanytimes 7 I thisschoolsincethreeyearsago 8 WhereisJimHe thefarm 9 When he He anhourago 10 Wouldyouliketo tothezoowithme Yes butI therebefore 11 Where you now I tothezoo 12 Heoften swimming 13 you therelastyear14 theyoften skatinginwinter 试一试 用所给词的正确形式填空1I live heresinceIwastenyearsold 2I live herein1998 youyourbreakfast Yes Ihave Whenyouit 30minutesago 注意现在完成时的几个特殊方面 一 现在完成时与一般现在时的区别 havelived lived Have had did have 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果 强调的是现在的情况 所以它不能和表示过去时间状语连用 而一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态 和现在不发生关系 可以和表示过去的时间状语连用 一 现在完成时与一般现在时的句型转换eg IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears IstudiedEnglishthreeyearsago ItisthreeyearssinceIstudiedEnglish 注意点一 现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响 一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去 现在完成时属于现在时态范围 因此 不能和表示过去的时间状语连用 如 yesterday lastnight twoweeksago等试比较 Theplanehasarrived 飞机已经来了 说明现在的情况 飞机在这儿 Theplanearrivedaquarterago 飞机是一刻中以前来的 强调动作发生的时间在过去 Ihavetaughthereforfifteenyears 我在这儿已经教了十五年 表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在 还可能会继续 Itaughthereforayear 我过去在这儿教过一年 表示 我 现在已经不在这儿任教了 用括号中所给的动词的适当形式完成下列句子 1 Mary lose herpen you see ithereandthere 2 you find yourwatchyet 3 Areyouthirsty NO I just have someorange 4 We already return thebook 5 they build anewschoolinthevillage 6 HasTomtaughtyouEnglish Yes he teach usEnglishfortwoyears 7 I notfinish myhomeworkyet Canyouhelpme 8 What they do withthenewspaper Theyhavereadthem 9 Thedoorisopen Who open it Doyouknow Sorry Idon tknow 10 Myfather read thenoveltwice 11 WuDong be asoldierforoneyear 12 Thestudents study inthemiddleschoolsincelastmonth 13 Howlong you know him 14 Mike make quiteafewfriendssincehecametoChina 15 I give myfriendanicebookrecently 16 LiPingandWuDong see theoldmanthreetimes 17 sheever teach youEnglish 18 Thesechildren stay intheparkfortwohours 1 A 你收集贝壳有多长时间了 B 自从我上中学以来 A Howlong you shells B I tomiddleschool 2 我滑冰已有五个小时了 I 5hours 3 A 这是你首次参加滑冰马拉松吗 B 不 去年我参加过 A Wasthisyour B No I ina lastyear 4 A 你什么时候得到第一双溜冰鞋 B 3年前 A Whendidyou yourfirst B Threeyearsago 5 A 他游泳有多长时间了 B 他已游了半小时了 A Howlong he B He halfanhour havebeencollecting Sincewent havebeenskatingfor firstskatingmarathon skatedmarathon getpairofskates hasbeenswimming hasbeenswimmingfor 6 你上网多久了 7 我上网三小时了 8 你什么时候开始集邮的 9 我五年前开始集邮的 10 他收集贝壳十年了 HowlonghaveyoubeensurfingtheInternet I vebeensurfingtheInternetforthreehours Whendidyoustartcollectingstamps Istartedcollectingstampsfiveyearsago Hehasbeencollectingshellsfortenyears 11 他一直在这条街住了近20年了 12 我打扫房间已经扫了3个小时了 13 自从4岁起我就一直学英语 14 你六点起就一直在给他讲电话 15 雨下多久了 Ihavebeencleaningtheroomforthreehours Hehasbeenlivinginthestreetforabout20years I vebeenstudyingEnglishsinceIwas4yearsold Haveyoubeentalkingwithhimonthephonesince6 00p m Howlonghasitbeenraining 1 She s live hereeversinceshewasten 2 Bothofthem be inHongkongfortendays 3 Bothofthem come toHongkongtendaysago 4 Halfanhour pass sincethetrain leave 5 Mary lose herpen you see ithereandthere6 you find yourwatchyet7 Areyouthirsty NoI just have someorange 8 We already return thebook 9 they build anewschoolinthevillage10 I notfinish myhomework Canyouhelpme11 Myfather read thenoveltwice 12 I buy abookjustnow 13 I lost mywatchyesterday 14 Myfather read thisbooksinceyesterday 句型转换 1 Hehasneversurfed 改成反意疑问句 2 Theyhavebeenheresince2000 对划线部分提问 havetheybeenhere 3 Theoldman lastyear Heforayear die 4 Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago 同义句转换 Thisfactory fortwentyyears 5 MissGaoleftanhourago 同义句转换 MissGao anhourago 6 HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears 同义句 Hermother thePartythreeyears 7 TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago 同义句转换 twoyears theGreenfamilymovedtoFrance 8 Thebushasarrivedhere Itarrivedtenminutesago 把两个句子合并成一个句子 1 Hisfatherdiedtwoyearsago Hisfather fortwoyears 2 Hehasbeeninthearmyforthreeyears threeyearssincehe thearmy 3 Ibegantostudyatthisschoolfiveyearsago I atthisschool fiveyears 4 HaveyouevervisitedBeijing Haveyouever 5 Iamateacher Ibecameateacherfiveyearsago I forfiveyears I fiveyearsago 6 Iboughtthecarfiveyearsago I thecarforfiveyears 7 Ihaveborrowedanewbookfromtheschoollibrary I anewbookfromtheschoollibraryfortwodays 8 Theboyhascomeback Theboy foranhour 9 Thefilmhasbegun Thefilm fiveminutes 10 Themaninahathasleft Themaninahat halfanhourago