Theme 文学原理教程.ppt

Theme Definition Thecentralideaorstatementaboutlifethatunifiesandcontrolsthetotalwork Athememaybestatedorimplied Itistheperceptionaboutlifeorhumannaturethatthewriterwantstocommunicate MisconceptionsaboutTheme 1 Eachanovelhasatheme themes Themeonlyexistsinthenovelthat seriouslyattemptstoreflectlifefaithfully intendstorevealtruthaboutlife arebasedonideasortheoriesoflife Eg Novelsofratiocination 推理 horrorhavenotheme Theyareaimedatentertainingthereader notatimprovinghisunderstandingoflife 2 Thethemeislargelywhatthenovelis ThedifferencebetweenTheme Novel Theme AnabstractideaappealingsolelytotheintellectuallevelofreadingVitaminsNovel AworkofartappealingtotheemotionallevelVegetables 3 Thethemeisconfusedwithamoralorlesson Moral Lesson theadvicestatedorimpliedinaparable fable sth ofarulebywhichonecanregulatehisbehavior Eg Bekindtoyourneighbours Honestyisthebestpolicy Theme Morecomplicatedasanovelistoenhanceone sawarenessofliferatherthansimplytotellhimhowtobehave 4 Onenovelhasonlyonetheme Somehaveseveralsubthemestothemaintheme Someareappreciatedfortheirthematicambiguity 5 Thethemeisconfusedwiththesubject Subject Amatter anaffairTheme AnideaSubject Thetopiconwhichanauthorhaschosentowrite Theme Somestatementaboutorsomeopiniononthattopic Eg Love SubjectLoveisinvincible ThemeWar SubjectWarisuseless Theme Theme Particulartothenovel thoughsomearesimilar Subject Universal Eg TheScarletLetterTheGreatGatsbyWomeninLoveSubject LoveTheme Different FiveRequirementsforStatingaTheme Athememustbeexpressedintheformofastatementwithasubjectandapredicate Eg Loveofone scountryofteninspiresheroicself sacrifice Payattentiontoitsconvertibilitytosentenceformifathemeisstatedinthephraseform Eg Futilityofenvy Envyisfutile Selflessmaternallove Maternalloveisselfless 2 Namesofcharacters placesshouldnotbementioned Thethemeisageneralizationaboutlifebasedonthenovel andthestatementofthemeshouldbetruealsoofotherpeopleorlifesituations Eg WutheringHeights People spsychologyofrevenge Heathcliff spsychologyofrevenge 3 Thoughathemeisageneralization overgeneralizationshouldbeavoided Sinceathemeisextractedfromaparticularnovel event itmaynotbeapplicabletoallsituations Always never all every beavoidedSome sometimes may beused Whenmakingageneralization oneshouldstrictlykeeptowhatisactuallyinthenovelandnotsmuggleintoitassumptionssuppliedfromhispastexperience 4 Thethememustaccountforallthemajordetailsandmustnotbecontradictedbyanydetailsinthenovel 5 Oneshouldavoidreducingathemetoaclich orplatitudesinceathemeisdifferentformamoraloralesson Eg Beautyisonlyskin deep SomeThemes Justiceprevails Loveconquersall Societywillalwaysoverwhelmtheindividual Childrenoftenseemoreclearlythanadults There snoplacefortheartistinthejungle WheretoLookfortheTheme 1 Howthenovelisentitled Thecentralthemeofthenovelissometimespresentinthetitle Eg PrideandPrejudice AboutDarcy sPrideElizabethBennet sPrejudice 2 Howthenovelistshowshisinterest Ifthenovelistisinterestedinsth hewouldallowmorespacetoit describingornarratingingreatdetail 3 Howthenovelistdealswithacommonsubject Ifthenovelisttreatsthecommonsubjectsinanuncommonway itshowsthatheistryingtoconveysth neworimportantinthenovel 4 Importantsymbols Symbolsareloadedwithimportantmeanings Soifasymbolappearsrepeatedlyoratimportantmoments itmaypointtothethemeofthenovel Eg TheScarletLetter theletter A AnalyzingTheme 1 Doestheworkhaveatheme Isitstatedorimplied 2 Whatgeneralization s statement s aboutlife humanexperiencedoestheworkmake 3 Whatelementsoftheworkcontributemostheavilytotheformulationofthetheme 4 Doesthethemeemergeorganicallyandnaturally ordoestheauthorseemtoforcethethemeuponthework 5 Whatisthevalue significanceofthework stheme Isittopicaloruniversalinitsapplication 主题 是故事的意义 是作者对题材的某种评论 不论明示或暗示 是作者在写作过程中 与读者在阅读过程中所发现的总意义 也是人类欲使经验意义化的一种小说形式的反映 ARoseforEmily Death1 FuneralofEmily 2 DeathofEmily sfather 3 DeathofoldladyWyatt Emily sgreat aunt 4 CorpseofHomerBarron TheDeclineoftheOldSouth1 Atonetime theGriersonhomewasinoneofthefinestneighborhoodsinJefferson bythetimeofEmily sdeath garagesandcottonginshadencroachedandobliteratedeventheaugustnamesofthatneighborhood 2 ThereactiontotheYankee HomerBarron TheyoungergenerationfindsiteasiertoacceptHomer whiletheolderfolksfindhisrelationshipwithawomanborntooldSoutherngentilityunacceptable CommunityVs Isolation TheoddrelationshipbetweenthetownofJeffersonandEmily 1 Atherfuneral thenarratornotesthatEmilyhasbeen atradition aduty andacare asortofhereditaryobligationuponthetown However Emilyhasverylittletodowiththetownspeopleduringherlife 2 Herfatherpreventsherfromdatinganyone afterhisdeath Emilycontinuestoisolateherselffromtherestofthecommunityforthebetterpartofherlife 3 AlthoughEmilyisindifferenttothetown thetownseemstobealmostobsessedwithher Th