课件-被动语态的翻译

英汉翻译技巧 之 被动语态的译法被动语态的译法 英语中的被动语态使用极为广泛 凡是在不必说出主动者 不愿说出主动者 无从说出 主动者或者是为了便于连贯上下文等等场合 往往都使用被动语态 尤其是在科技英语科技英语中 被动语态几乎随处可见 而汉语中的被动结构却不那么常见 因为从习惯上讲 汉语中的 被 遭 受 挨 等字眼总是给人不那么舒服的感觉 因此在英汉翻译时 往往要尽量将被动语态化因此在英汉翻译时 往往要尽量将被动语态化 为主动结构 为主动结构 When the crude oil is obtained from the field it is taken to the refineries to be treated The commonest form of treatment is heating When the oil is heated the first vapors to rise are cooled and become the finest petrol Petrol has a low boiling point if a little is poured into the hand it soon vaporizes Gas that comes off the oil later is condensed into paraffin Last of all the lubricating oils of various grades are produced What remains is heavy oil that is used as fuel 教学内容 1 英语中常用被动语态的情况 2 汉语中被动意义的表现方式 3 英语被动语态的翻译 1 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁 例如 Such books are written for children We haven t been told about it The English evening has been put off till Saturday 2 出于礼貌措辞等方面考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁 例如 出于礼貌措辞等方面考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁 例如 You are requested to give a performance The President s Medicare proposal has been widely criticized 3 无从说出施动者是谁 例如 无从说出施动者是谁 例如 You re wanted on the phone Rice is chiefly grown in the south 4 为了便于上下衔接 例如 为了便于上下衔接 例如 He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience Jack fought John in the men s singles last night and was beaten 5 为了突出谈话的中心 例如 为了突出谈话的中心 例如 The song was composed by a French musician The program was designed by ourselves 二 汉语被动意义的表达方式 用词汇的手段来表现被动意义用词汇的手段来表现被动意义 例如 1 为 字结构 茅屋为秋风所破 2 被 字式 带有不幸的意味 被捕 被剥削 被压迫 被杀 3 让 给 叫 挨 受 遭 蒙 The crops were washed away by the flood 庄稼让大水冲跑了 4 是 的 表示静态的句子 这些产品是是我国制造的 5 的是 推荐我的是一位教授 6 加以 予以 组成倒置的宾语结构 这个问题将在下一章加以加以讨论 用词序手段来表现被动意义用词序手段来表现被动意义 1 受事者 动词 困难困难克服了 工作工作完成了 问题问题也解决了 2 受事者 施动者 动词 我们在这里所讲的话话 人们人们不会长久地记住记住 Translation strategies for English passive construction 翻译成汉语的主动句翻译成汉语的主动句 1 加以 经过 用 来 2 增补泛指性的词语 人们 大家等 作主语 3 主语译成宾语 4 翻译成汉语的无主句 5 翻译成带 是 的 的主动句 译成汉语的被动句译成汉语的被动句 1 汉语句中有 被 受 挨 遭受 等词 2 译成 为 所 的结构 译成译成 把把 使使 和和 由由 字句字句 1 翻译成汉语的主动句 翻译成汉语的主动句 英语原文的被动结构翻译成汉语的主动结构又可以进一 步分为几种不同的情况 1 英语原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语英语原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语 In the move most of the furniture was left to the neighbors or distributed among friends 搬家时大部分家具要么留给了邻居 要么分给了朋友 2 将英语原文中的主语翻译为宾语主语翻译为宾语 同时增补泛指性的词语 人们 大家等 作主语 例如 Television it is often said keeps one informed about current events allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining 人们常说 电视电视使人了解时事 熟悉政治和科学领域的最新发展变化 并能源源不 断地为观众提供各种既有教育意义又有趣的节目 另外 以以 it 作为形式主语作为形式主语的某些结构也可以通过这一手段翻译 It is asserted that 有人主张 It is believed that 有人认为 It is generally considered that 大家 一般人 认为 It is well known that 大家知道 众所周知 It will be said 有人会说 It was told that 有人曾经说 4 翻译成带表语 是 的 的主动句 The decision to attack was not taken lightly 进攻的决定不是轻易作出的 In the old society women were looked down upon 在旧社会 妇女们是受歧视的 5 翻译成汉语的无主句 翻译成汉语的无主句 When it is seen through a telescope the sun appears darker near the edge 用望远镜看 太阳接近边缘的部分显得略暗 Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit of smoking 应该尽最大努力告诫年轻人吸烟的危害吸烟的危害 特别是吸上瘾后的可怕后果 It is hoped that 希望 It is reported that 据报道 It is said that 据说 It is supposed that 据推测 It may be said without fear of exaggeration that 可以毫不夸张地说 It must be admitted that 必须承认 It must be pointed out that 必须指出 It will be seen from this that 由此可见 IT is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighbourhood this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of heir daughters 2 译成汉语的被动式 英语中的许多被动句可以翻译成汉语的被动句 常用 被 给 遭 挨 为 所 使 由 受到 等表示 例如 His passport was confiscated by the police 他的护照被被警方没收了 Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield 我们随时都会被被出入机场的敌机发现 The spaceship will be totally controlled by an on board e