高中英语不定式知识点整理

精品文档 1欢迎下载 TheThe InfinitiveInfinitive 一 动词不定式的不同形式一 动词不定式的不同形式 主动形式被动形式否定形式 基本式 to doto be donenot to do not to be done 进行式 to be doingnot to be doing 完成式 to have doneto have been donenot to have dong not to have been done 完成进行 式 to have been doing not to have been doing 三 动词不定式在句中作用动词不定式在句中作用 1 主语 To be a good teacher requires patience It is important for you to use your time wisely It is brave of him to dive from the cliff it 形式主语 1 It 1 It isis adj adj for for sb sb toto dodo easy difficult hard right wrong unnecessary 2 It 2 It is wasis was adj adj of of sb sb toto dodo kind clever foolish strange polite 3 3 ItIt isis 名词名词 toto do do a pity an honor one s duty no easy job good manners 2 宾语 We hope to have more opportunities to talk with native speakers They asked her how to get to the railway station 常以不定式作宾语的动词 afford agree ask attempt beg bother care choose claim decide desire expect fail help intend learn manage offer plan prepare pretend refuse threaten wish 等 辨析不定式与动名词 1 动词动词 remember remember forget forget regretregret 后接动名词表示已经做过的动作后接动名词表示已经做过的动作 不定式表不定式表 示没有做过或将要做的动作示没有做过或将要做的动作 I remember seeing him yesterday I remember having seen him before Please remember to see him today 精品文档 2欢迎下载 2 动词动词 like like love love hate hate begin begin startstart 既可用动名词也可用不定式作宾语既可用动名词也可用不定式作宾语 意思基本相同 但动名词表经常性的动作 不定式偏向一次性动作 意思基本相同 但动名词表经常性的动作 不定式偏向一次性动作 I like watching TV at home I like to watch TV at home tonight 3 3 try to do try doing mean to do mean doing can t help to do can t help doing stop to do stop doing go on to do go on doing need want require doing to be done The door needs repairing The door needs to be repaired 3 宾语补足语 He told me to take care of the puppy while he was away My boss told me to sit there 常见动词 advise allow ask beg encourage expect force invite order permit persuade press remind teach tell 4 定语 The building to be built is our library We have a lot of things to do today There are a lot of things to do havehave 和和 therethere bebe 句型中 常用主动表被动 句型中 常用主动表被动 PleasePlease givegive meme a a penpen toto writewrite withwith PleasePlease givegive meme a a piecepiece ofof paperpaper toto writewrite 5 状语 1 1 目的状语目的状语 toto do do soso asas toto do do inin orderorder toto dodo He hid himself behind the door so that he couldn t be found by others He hid himself behind the door so as not to be found by others 2 2 结果状语 结果状语 only only enoughenough toto do do tootoo toto do do soso asas not not toto 精品文档 3欢迎下载 Some people laugh at others only to find themselves laughed at She is so weak that she can not run fast She is so weak as not to run fast She isn t strong enough to run fast She is too weak to run fast TheThe questionquestion isis easyeasy answer answer HeHe isis difficultdifficult teach teach 6 表语 To see is to believe He is to visit China next week 主要的任务是保持我们的寝室干净 The main task is to keep our dormitory clean 四 动词不定式的注意事项动词不定式的注意事项 1 1 疑问词 不定式疑问词 不定式 作主语 表语或宾语作主语 表语或宾语 1 what which to do what which 作 do 的逻辑宾语 what 意为 什 么 which 表示选择 There were too many books for me to choose from and I didn t know which to choose 2 when where how to do sth I felt totally confused not knowing where to go 3 whether to do sth 不用 if Whether to follow his instruction is not for you to decide 2 不定式的主动表被动 句中存在名词或代词可以作为不定式的逻辑主语 构成逻辑上的主谓关 系 eg Mrs Bird gave the dog a few bones to eat The policeman showed me the right bus to take 如果句中不存在这种主谓关系 那么不定式仍须用被动 eg The news reporter raised a few questions to be answered 精品文档 4欢迎下载 在 形容词 不定式 结构中 如果不定式与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾 关系 那么不定式多用主动语态 eg The plane is dangerous to fly The machine is hard to control There be 结构中 倾向于用不定式主动语态表示被动意义 eg There is always much housework to do in the house blame let 在此为主动表被动 He is not to blame for the mistake 他不应该为这个错误受责备 The house is to let 房子待租 2 2 不定式的省略不定式的省略 感官动词和使役动词在主动语态中不需要带 to 即我们常说的 一觉二 听三让五看 feel listen to hear let make have see watch notice observe look at 但这些句子如果变成被动结构时 就必须带 to I often hear him sing the song He is often heard to sing the song had better would rather rather than 之后省略 to You d better not tell him the news Rather than wait at the station I prefer to go home by taxi 为避免重复 不定式中主要动词可省略 只剩下 to Would you like to come with us Yes I d love to Shall I give the dog a chocolate It s better not to 由 all what 引导的主语从句或主语被 only first one least 或 形容词最高级修饰 且从句中含有 do 时 动词不定式作表语则往往省去 to All I did was to press the button What you have to do is to fill in the forms The only thing I could do was to do it myself 3 3 和不定式有关的常用词组和句型和不定式有关的常用词组和句型 精品文档 5欢迎下载 be said to do He is said to have studied abroad for many years happen to do We happened to discover we had a friend in