中考英语语法专项复习：主谓一致

精品文档 1欢迎下载 中考英语语法专项复习 主谓一致中考英语语法专项复习 主谓一致 主谓一致的原则有三个 语法一致 意义一致和就近原则 一 语法一致语法一致 语法一致即单数主语要用单数谓语动词 复数主语要用复数谓语动词 如 My bike is under the tree 我的自行车在树下 These books are old 这些书是旧的 1 1 andand 和和 both andboth and 连接两个或三个名词 代词作主语时 谓语动词用复数形连接两个或三个名词 代词作主语时 谓语动词用复数形 式 式 Mike and John are good friends 迈克和约翰是好朋友 Both bread and milk are good for you 面包和牛奶对你都有好处 2 2 主语后接主语后接 withwith asas wellwell asas includingincluding besidesbesides exceptexcept butbut 等等 词或短语时 谓语动词的数由主语的单复数形式决定 词或短语时 谓语动词的数由主语的单复数形式决定 He with his parents is working in the fields 他正和他的父母在地里 干活 She as well as other students likes playing computer games 她和其他 学生一样 也喜欢玩电脑游戏 3 3 当主语前有当主语前有 everyevery eacheach either either neitherneither 修饰或修饰或 eacheach either either NeitherNeither 作主语时 谓语动词要用单数 作主语时 谓语动词要用单数 如 Every minute is important to us 每分钟对我们都很重要 Each student has a book 每一个学生都有一本书 Each of the girls has a big apple in their hands 每一个女孩的手里 都有一个苹果 Either answer is correct 两个答案都是正确的 4 4 不定代词不定代词 eithereither neitherneither eacheach oneone thethe otherother anotheranother anybodyanybody anythinganything someonesomeone nobodynobody nothingnothing 等作主语时 谓语动词等作主语时 谓语动词 用单数 用单数 如 Somebody is waiting for you outside 有人在外面等你 Is everybody here today 今天大家都到齐了吗 精品文档 2欢迎下载 5 5 a a numbernumber ofof 名词复数名词复数 许多 一些 许多 一些 manymany 作主语时 谓语动词用作主语时 谓语动词用 复数形式 复数形式 thethe numbernumber ofof 名词复数名词复数 的数量 作主语时 的数量 作主语时 谓语动词用单数形式 谓语动词用单数形式 如 A number of trees are cut down 许多树被砍伐 The number of students in our class is 45 我们班的学生数目是 45 6 6 a a lotlot ofof lots lots of of plentyplenty ofof 名词作主语时 谓语动词由名词作主语时 谓语动词由 ofof 后的名后的名 词的单复数决定 如果词的单复数决定 如果 ofof 后是不可数名词 谓语动词用单数 如果后是不可数名词 谓语动词用单数 如果 ofof 后是名后是名 词复数 谓语动词用复数 词复数 谓语动词用复数 如 Most of time is used for playing computer games 大部分时间用来玩电 脑游戏 Plenty of workers are working 许多工人正在工作 7 7 不定式或不定式或 v ingv ing 形式作主语时 谓语动词用单数形式 形式作主语时 谓语动词用单数形式 如 Learning English is necessary for us 学英语对于我们来说是有必要的 To play with fire near a gas station is very dangerous 在加油站附 近玩火很危险 二 意义一致意义一致 意义一致就是根据句子主语意义上的单复数来确定谓语动词的单复数 1 1 andand 连接的两个名词作主语 在意义上指同一人 同一物或同一概念时 谓连接的两个名词作主语 在意义上指同一人 同一物或同一概念时 谓 语动词用单数 语动词用单数 如 The famous singer and dancer is coming to Chongqing 那位著名的歌唱家 兼舞蹈家要来重庆 2 2 表示时间 金钱 距离 重量等的名词复数作主语时 通常被看作一个整体 表示时间 金钱 距离 重量等的名词复数作主语时 通常被看作一个整体 谓语动词用单数 谓语动词用单数 如 Ten years has passed quickly 10 年很快就过去了 Ten dollars is enough 10 美元就够了 100 kilometers is a long way 100 公里是一段很长的路 3 3 集体名词 如集体名词 如 familyfamily classclass 等 如果表示集体概念 则谓语动词必须用等 如果表示集体概念 则谓语动词必须用 单数形式 如果表示集体中的成员 则谓语动词必须用复数形式 单数形式 如果表示集体中的成员 则谓语动词必须用复数形式 如 精品文档 3欢迎下载 My family is a small one with three people 我家是一个有着三口人的 小家庭 My family all like classical music 我的家人都喜欢古典音乐 4 4 加 减 乘 除运算中的谓语动词用单数 加 减 乘 除运算中的谓语动词用单数 如 Two and two is four 2 加 2 等于 4 Six times two is twelve 6 乘 2 等于 12 5 5 one one andand a a halfhalf 名词复数名词复数 作主语时 谓语动词用单数 作主语时 谓语动词用单数 如 One and a half pears is left on the plate 一个半梨被留在盘子里 6 6 the the 形容词形容词 作主语时 表示某类人 谓语动词用复数 作主语时 表示某类人 谓语动词用复数 如 The sick are taken good care of 病人得到了很好的照顾 三 就近原则就近原则 有时谓语动词的形式与主语并不一致 而是与它最近的主语保持一致 1 1 由由 eithereither oror neitherneither nornor notnot onlyonly butbut alsoalso notnot butbut 或或 oror 连接两个并列主语时 其谓语动词在数上与最邻近它的主语保持一连接两个并列主语时 其谓语动词在数上与最邻近它的主语保持一 致 致 如 Not only Lily but also Jack has gone to beijing 不仅莉莉去了北京 杰克也去了北京 Not you but I am wrong 不是你 而是我错了 Either my father or my brother is coming 我父亲来 要不然就是我弟 弟来 2 2 ThereThere bebe 或或 HereHere bebe 后面接并列的名词时 谓语动词在数上应与最邻近的后面接并列的名词时 谓语动词在数上应与最邻近的 名词保持一致 名词保持一致 如 There is a pen and two pencils on the desk 课桌上有一支钢笔和两支 铅笔 Here are some flowers and a card for you 这是给你的一些花和一张卡 片 练习 一 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1 be everything OK 2 Nobody know the answer to the question 精品文档 4欢迎下载 3 Not only she but also I do morning exercises every day 4 Either you or she have made a wrong decision 5 The family be spending the weekend together 6 Bread and butter be her daily breakfast 7 All of the work be finished 8 The old be well looked after here 9 How much be the shoes Five dollars be enough 10 Neither Jim nor his parents live in China 11 Talking loudly in public be impolite 12 Three hours be quite a long time for the students to play computer games every day 13 Everything begin to grow fast in spring 14 Tom with his friends often go skating on weekends 二 单项选择 1 There a pencil and some books on the desk A has B are C is 2 Nobody except you late for the meeting yesterday afternoon A is B were C was 3 As we all know the Japanese Japanese A speak B spoke C speaks 4 Kate as well as most girls wearing beautiful clothes but her family very poor A like is B likes is C likes are 5 My shoes worn out Can you buy me a new pair Oh look There a pair of new shoes that I bought for you A is are B are is C is is 6 Doing eye exercises good for our eyes A is B are C be 7 Are there any on the farm 精品文档 5欢迎下载 A sheep B duck C horse 8 There a lot of good news in today s newspaper A was B are C is 9 Both John and Mary interesting in skating A is B are C were 10 Each of the students a computer in our class A have B has C there is 11 All of my money stolen last night A has B is C was 12 The police for the lost child on the hill now A looks B is looking C are looking 13 Three kilometers a long way You d better take a taxi A is B are C was 14 Every girl and every boy in new clothes today A are B is C were 15 The Blacks getting ready for their holiday A is B are C be 16 The musician and writer to visit our school A is coming B are coming C enjoy 17 The headmaster as well as all the teachers A have gone to the museum B are having a meeting C is planting trees on the hill 18 Two thirds of them Young Pioneers A was B is C are 答案 CCABB AACBB CCABB ACC 中中 考考 语语 法法 专专 项项 复复 习习 特殊句型特殊句型 一 虚拟语气 精品文档 6欢迎下载 1 虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望 假设 怀疑 猜测或建议等 所表示的不是客 观存在的现实 它主要用于 if 条件状语从句 2 if 条件状语从句 真实条件从句 假设条件可以实现 非真实条件从句 不能实现的假设 3 与现在事实相反的假设 结构 If 主语 动词过去式 be 用 were 主语 would should could might 动词原形 如 If I won a million dollars I would give it to charities 如果我 中了一百万 我会把它捐慈善机给构 If I were you I would take that job 我要是你 我就接受那份工作 4 与过去事实相反的假设 结构 If 主语 had 过去分词 主语 would should could might have 过去分词 如 If you had taken my advice you wouldn t have failed 如果你接受 我的建议 你就不会失败了 If I had know that earlier I wouldn t have done it 如果我早点儿 知道那件事的话 我就不会去做它了 二 倒装句 英语中最基本的语序是 主语 谓语 但有时为了表达的需要 会改变这 种基本的语序 而把谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前 这叫倒装 1 大部分疑问句使用了倒装语序 Where are you from 你是哪里人 What did she do with the bike 她是怎样处理那辆自行车的 2 以 here 或 there 开头的句子常用倒装语序 以 here 或 there 开头的句子 若后面的主语为名词 词组 主谓要倒装 如 There is a boy standing in front of the school gate 有一个男孩正站 在学校的大门前 Here comes the bus 公共汽车来了 There goes the bell 精品文档 7欢迎下载 铃响了 以 here 或 there 开头的句子 若后面的主语为人称代词 主谓不能倒装 如 Here you are 给你 3 由 so 引起的倒装句 在前面陈述的肯定情况也适用于另一者时 通常用由 so 引起的倒装句 即 so be 动词 助动词 情态动词 主语 表示 另一者也如此 如 You are a student So am I 你是一名学生 我也是 You usually go to school by bike and so does he 你通常骑自行车去 上学 他也是 I can fly a kite and so can she 我会放风筝 她也会 若对前面所说的事实加以肯定 则用 so 主语 be 动词 助动词 情态动 词 表示 的确如此 这两个句子的主语指的是同一人或同一物 如 He likes English 他喜欢英语 It s a cloudy day today 今天是个阴天 So he does 他的确喜欢英语 So it is 的确如此 4 由 neither nor 引起的倒装句 在前面陈述的否定情况也适用于另一者时 通常用由 neither nor 引起的 倒装句 即 neither nor be 动词 助动词 情态动词 主语 表 示 另一者也不如此 如 I haven t bought a new pen and neither nor has Lucy 我没买新钢笔 露西也没买 She doesn t like tea Neither nor do I 她不喜欢喝茶 我也不喜欢 三 省略句 句子应该具备的成分 有时为了使语言简洁 在句中并不出现 这种句子 叫省略句 省略句能表达完整的意义 初中阶段接触的省略句主要有以下几种 简单句的省略 并列句的省略 复合句的省略 1 简单句的省略 How are you Mike 迈克 你好吗 精品文档 8欢迎下载 Fine Thank you 很好 谢谢你 Is this pen yours 这支钢笔是你的吗 No it s not mine It s Lily s pen 不 不是我的 那时莉莉的 Would you like to go out with us this afternoon 今天下午你愿意 和我们一起出去吗 Yes I d like love to go out with you this afternoon 是的 我愿意 2 并列句的省略 She was poor but she was honest 她虽然穷 但很诚实 Peter ate an egg and Peter drank a cup of milk 皮特吃了一个鸡蛋 喝了一杯牛奶 3 复合句的省略 I am Sorry that I am late 对不起 我迟到了 Please pass me a book I don t care which you pass me 递给我一 本书 我不在乎给我哪一本 Will Tom come here 汤姆会来这儿吗 Yes he will But I don t know when he will come 是的 他会 但我不知道他什么时候来 由 which when where how why 引导的宾语从句 可全部或部分省 去 只保留引导词 Do you think it will rain 你认为会下雨吗 I hope not that it will not rain 我希望不会 Can you come to the party tomorrow evening 明天晚上你会来参加聚 会吗 I think so that I can come to the party tomorrow evening 我想 能来 用 I m afraid I think I believe I hope I guess 等作答时 其 后的宾语从句常省略 如果从句是肯定句 则用 so 代替 如果从句是否定句 则用 not 代替 练习 精品文档 9欢迎下载 一 单项选择 1 Yao Ming is one of the best basketball players in NBA and A So is he so is Kobe B So he is so is Kobe C So is he so Kobe is 2 Look here the bus A a