2010年高考中的短文改错解析

短文改错短文改错 1 改错题考察什么能力 改错题考察什么能力 短文改错并不是单纯检测语法知识 而是检测语篇的处理能力和在特定语境中对语言的使用进行 评价的能力 文章中的错误主要是词语 语法 篇章结构和行文逻辑等方面的错误 这些错误往 往需要在不同程度上借助语境进行判断 2 命题规律命题规律 短文改错的语言材料通常取材于考生自己的作品或类似于考生的随笔 且话题常见 篇章结构的 难易程度符合中学生的认知水平 即明白易懂 基本上无生僻的语言障碍和怪 偏 难的语句结 构 从 2005 年到 2010 年各年的话题分别是 2010 年 回忆我的朋友 2009 年 我 离开家乡五年 发现家乡的巨大变化 2008 年 我 绘画大赛获奖 去伦敦参观 与好友见面 2007 年 六岁的 我 和祖父聊天 祖父告诉我关于人生的含义 2006 年 我 回朋友的 e mail 电 子邮箱 和朋友之间的文学交流 2005 年 途中车子抛锚 我 寻求帮助的经历 3 命题特点 命题特点 高考短文改错的短文词数通常与书面表达一样 也在 100 左右 分成 10 行 短文的难度也与考 生的习作相当 10 行中一般只有一行全部正确 其他 9 行都存在错误 各种错误所占比例为 1 2 7 1 3 6 即 1 行正确 2 3 行缺词或多词 6 7 行需要找出错误并改正 表表 1 NMET 近三年改错命题统计近三年改错命题统计 错误类 型 年度 删词添词错词正确 2010I1171 2010II1271 2009I1171 2009II1171 2008I1171 2008II1171 表表 1 NMET 近三年改错命题统计近三年改错命题统计 年度 动 词 名词代词形容词或 副词 介词冠词连词 2008 I4111101 2008 II3111210 2009 I4011111 2009 II5101011 2010 I3101112 2010 II3211110 错误形式与改法错误形式与改法 1 改词 6 7 个 在文中该词下面划横线 在题号后横线上写出要改的词 2 添词 1 2 个 在文中标上添词符号 在题号后横线上写出要添的词 3 去掉 1 2 个 在文中用斜线 划掉该词 在题号后写上要划掉的词 并也用斜线划掉 4 正确 1 个 在题号后横线上写出正确符号 短文改错口诀 短文改错口诀 短文改错要做好 常见典型要记牢 短文改错要做好 常见典型要记牢 名词爱考单复数 冠词在前名词爱考单复数 冠词在前 错错 多多 少少 动词时态和语态 非谓搭配莫错了 动词时态和语态 非谓搭配莫错了 连 代 形 副错一样 多是故意来混淆 连 代 形 副错一样 多是故意来混淆 介词多半考搭配 多 漏 误用想周到 介词多半考搭配 多 漏 误用想周到 句法涉及到句法涉及到 一致一致 从句多考关系词 从句多考关系词 词法句法均未错 逻辑推理去寻找 词法句法均未错 逻辑推理去寻找 短文改错口诀在短文改错口诀在 2010 年高考题中的体现年高考题中的体现 1 名词爱考名词爱考 数数 与与 格格 冠词在前 冠词在前 错错 多多 少少 名词的考查主要是名词的单复数 即 该用复数用单数 该用单数用复数 不可数名词加名词的考查主要是名词的单复数 即 该用复数用单数 该用单数用复数 不可数名词加 s NMET 2010II Christie was one of my best friend at high school NMET 2010II Thank to her help I made progress in my study NMET 2010I He gave me some advices on how to write like a real writer NMET 2010 四川卷 I ve nearly killed three peoples NMET 2010 辽宁卷 Like the rest of my classmate I didn t really want to 冠词的考查主要涉及以下几个方面 冠词的考查主要涉及以下几个方面 1 不定冠词 不定冠词 a 和和 an 互改 互改 2 不定冠词和定冠词的互改 不定冠词和定冠词的互改 3 冠词的多余或缺失 冠词的多余或缺失 NMET I There was Uncle chen gentleman living near my house NMET 四川卷 It all because of the business of driving on right NMET 重庆卷 Besides a friend is always good listener when you need one NMET 陕西卷 Then she bent down and picked up to look at a price on it 2 动词时态和语态 非谓搭配摸错了 动词时态和语态 非谓搭配摸错了 时态错误是短文改错的必考题目 其主要考查两种时态的互改 一般现在时和一般过去时 不过时态错误是短文改错的必考题目 其主要考查两种时态的互改 一般现在时和一般过去时 不过 也要注意对其他时态的考查 如也要注意对其他时态的考查 如 2009 年四川卷考查了过去式错用成了过去完成时 语态主要是主年四川卷考查了过去式错用成了过去完成时 语态主要是主 被动的错用被动的错用 NMET 陕西卷 My sister saw a lovely cup when we are shopping on the other day NMET 重庆卷 If you tell him a secret never will he talks about it with anybody else NMET 陕西卷 It was turned out to be her own cup NMET 2010 四川卷 An English lady was finally decided that she really should learn to drive NMET 2010 四川卷 And after many attempts she past her driving test and told her husband NMET 2010 辽宁卷 She worn black sports shoes and a black sweater NMET II She said it was the best gift she has ever had 非谓语动词的使用错误主要体现在 动词不定式符号非谓语动词的使用错误主要体现在 动词不定式符号 to 不可以省去的却省去了 不需要用的却用不可以省去的却省去了 不需要用的却用 了 该用过去分词的却用了现在分词 该用现在分词的却用了过去分词 该用非谓语动词的却用了 该用过去分词的却用了现在分词 该用现在分词的却用了过去分词 该用非谓语动词的却用 了谓语动词等 了谓语动词等 NMET I He agreed to reading my story NMET 重庆卷 after hear your sad stories he will say some words NMET 浙江卷 excuse me she said put her arm around the unhappy old woman NMET 陕西卷 My sister wanted get out of the shop as fast as she could NMET II I look forward to see her again in the near future NMET 陕西卷 The assistant was clearly as embrassing as my sister NMET 辽宁卷 she never seemed care what the rest of us thought about her 3 连 代 形 副错一样 多是故意来混淆 连 代 形 副错一样 多是故意来混淆 连词多考查误用 比如连词多考查误用 比如 but 和和 and when 和和 while before 和和 after 的混淆等 的混淆等 NMET I All I had to do was to write a story or present it NMET 四川卷 But then a week after the trip she suddenly announced that they wouldn t take the holiday NMET 课程标准卷 my neighbor picked up the box but announced 代词的错误常见的是代词的性别 单复数及代词的格与文章的逻辑意义不一致 代词的错误常见的是代词的性别 单复数及代词的格与文章的逻辑意义不一致 NMETI she passed her driving test and told her husband that to celebrate he was going to drive him over to France for a holiday NMET 辽宁卷 It was only when we did their chemistry project together that I began to understand why NMET 陕西卷 She didn t talk many 形容词 副词的错用指的是该用形容词的用了副词 该用副词的却用了形容词形容词 副词的错用指的是该用形容词的用了副词 该用副词的却用了形容词 NMETI who was a very much famous writer NMET 重庆卷 Still your happiness makes him happily too NMET 辽宁卷 She was in fact rather attractively and NMET 陕西卷 I had to try hardly not to laugh at her shocked face 4 介词多半考搭配 多 漏 误用想周到 介词多半考搭配 多 漏 误用想周到 介词错误主要考查动介搭配及名介搭配 NMETI It was a chance of a lifetime to win the first Prize on the Story Writing Show NMET 重庆卷 a good friend is willing to offer the help to which you need NMETII Before her leaving off I prepared a gift NMET 四川卷 He asked her by surprise 5 句法涉及到句法涉及到 一致一致 从句多考关系词 从句多考关系词 此处句法不一致主要指主谓不一致 指的是主语是复数形式 而谓语动词却用了单数形式 或者此处句法不一致主要指主谓不一致 指的是主语是复数形式 而谓语动词却用了单数形式 或者 主语是单数形式 谓语动词却用了复数形式 主语是单数形式 谓语动词却用了复数形式 NMET 重庆卷 he will say some words that is nice and warm NMET I What were better I had useful help 短文改错对从句的考查主要是定语从句关系词的误用及名词性从句中连接词的误用及缺失 NMETI So if they had said was true I would have a chance of winning NMET 重庆卷 Here is my ider about how a friend is like NMET 陕西卷 It turned out to be her own cup that she d left on the shelf by mistake 短文改错应注意的问题短文改错应注意的问题 四不改 标点符号不改 大小写不改 词序错误不改 不是不改 而是按错词或少词来改 在纲外生词不改 文中出现带汉语注释的词 在句中不可能用错 解题步骤 浏览全文 掌握大意 分句阅读 逐行找错 检查核对 攻克难点 解题步骤 浏览全文 掌握大意 分句阅读 逐行找错 检查核对 攻克难点 At Christmas Eve Jim went with his father to choose a Christmas tree They choose a big one It was almost as taller as the room They put them in the corner of the sitting room Kate was covered it with a lot of Christmas light The sitting room looked really beautifully at the moment There was a fire burning in the fire place but the Christmas tree lights were shinning brightly Jim and his parents singing and dancing happily This passage is about A Jim s family B Christmas lights C How Jim s family decorated the Christmas tree on Christmas Eve At Christmas Eve Jim went with his 1 on father to choose a Christmas tree They choose 2 chose a big one It was almost as taller as the room 3 tall They put them in the corner of the sitting 4 it room Kate was covered it with a lot of 5 was Christmas light The sitting room looked 6 lights really beautifully at the moment There was 7 beautiful a fire burning in the fire place but the Christmas 8 and tree lights were shinning brightly Jim and his 9 parents singing and dancing happily 10 were Practice makes perfect 谚 熟能生巧 Exercise 1 It is Sunday today I have been studying all day long On 1 the morning I had dry breakfast We had no water to2 drink because the water supply had cut off The water had 3 come back in the evening I did maths then I didn t stop after 4 12 o clock After a short lunch I had the break Then I went to5 my Sunday English class After a long and tired class for more than two hours I got 6 to home Some work had been done but some hadn t I must 7 review all my subject such as the Sciences and the Humanities 8 which include Chinese English Politics and History as 9 well That s terribly Especially when there was no water 10 答案及解析 1 On 改为 In in the morning 为固定搭配 2 dry 前加 a 一般来讲 三餐前不加任何冠词 但当三餐前有形容词修饰时 则必须在形容词前 加不定冠词 如 We usually have breakfast at eight I have a wonderful breakfast this morning 3 第一个 had 后加 been 根据逻辑 此处应为被动语态 4 after 改为 until 构成 not until 句型 5 the 改为 a have a break 意为 休息一会儿 为固定搭配 6 tired 改为 tiring tired 为形容词 劳累的 多用来修饰人 tiring 也为形容词 意为 令人劳 累的 用来修饰事物 7 删去 to home 为副词 8 subject 改为 subjects subject 是可数名词 9 此行无错 10 terribly 改为 terrible 系动词后要用形容词 Exercise 2 Dear students The Students Union was going to hold an English Speech 1 contest in the evening of December 30 The purpose 2 is increase the students interest in learning English and 3 improve their spoken English Which is going to be held in4 the school main hall and will begins at 7 30 And the 5 best five students of this English contest will be given6 prizes Someone in Grade Three will be 7 welcome to take part in it Those would like to take part 8 in this contest should go to the office of the Students 9 Union and sign it up your names and the topics of your 10 English Speech Welcome to this great fun 答案及解析 1 was 改为 is 2 in 改为 on 指具体某一天的晚上 要用介词 on 3 is 后加 to 此处为不定式作表语 4 Which 改为 It 此处应用 it 指代前文的 an English Speech contest 如用 which 指代则无主 句 5 begins 改为 begin will 后需用动词原形与 will 共同构成谓语部分 6 此行无错 7 Someone 改为 Everyone everyone 侧重整体 指 每个人 someone 侧重个体 意为 某 个人 8 Those 后加 who 此处用 who 引导定语从句 9 go 改为 come 根据文章第一句话可知 此通知发出者是 the Students Union 所以要用 come 而不用 go 10 删去 it 此句中已有宾语 your names 不