语法复习二、主谓一致

1 / 13语法复习二、主 谓 一致莲山课件 k语法复习二、主谓一致在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。（一）语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm./TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy./Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall./Thechildrenwereintheclassroomtwohoursago./Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.注意：由 what 引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或 what 从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks./WhatIsayanddois(a2 / 13re)helpfultoyou.2、由连接词 and 或 bothand 连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：LucyandLilyaretwins./SheandIareclassmates./Theboyandthegirlweresurprisedwhentheyheardthenews./BothsheandheareyoungPioneers.注意：若 and 所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如：Thewriterandartisthascome.;/由 and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有 no,each,everymorethana(an),manya(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Everystudentandeveryteacherwasintheroom./Noboyandnogirllikesit.3、主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including 等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：mrGreen,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometochina./Nobodybutjimandmikewasontheplayground./She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.4、either,neither,each,every 或 no+单数名词和由3 / 13some,any,no,every 构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如：Eachofushasanewbook./Everythingaroundusismatter.注意：在口语中当 either 或 neither 后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词） ”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neitherofthetextsis(are)interesting.若 noneof 后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如：Noneofushas(have)beentoAmerica.5、在定语从句时，关系代词 that,who,which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard./Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有 family,class,crowd,committee,population,audience等。如：classFourisonthethirdfloor./classFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.注意：people,police,cattle 等名词一般都用作复数。如：Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.7、由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,therestof,themajorityof+名4 / 13词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：Therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom./Therestofthelectureiswonderful./50%ofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.注意：anumberof“许多” ，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；thenumberof“的数量” ，主语是 number，谓语用单数。8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Therecomesthebus./onthewallaremanypictures./Suchistheresult./Sucharethefacts.（二）逻辑意义一致原则：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数） 。1、what,who,which,any,more,all 等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如：Whichisyourbag?/Whichareyourbags?/Allisgoingwell./AllhavegonetoBeijing.2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework.5 / 133、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：“TheArabianNights”isaninterestingstory-book.4、表数量的短语“oneandahalf”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复数。如：oneandahalfapplesis(are)leftonthetable.5、算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：Twelvepluseightistwenty./Fifty-sixdividedbyeightisseven.6、一些学科名词是以ics 结尾，如：mathematics,politics,physics 以及 news,works 等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Thepaperworkswasbuiltin1990./Ithinkphysicsisnteasytostudy.7、trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有 a(the)pairof 等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：myglassesarebroken./Thepairofshoesunderthebedishis.8、 “定冠词 the+形容词或分词” ，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。6 / 13（三）就近一致原则：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。1、当两个主语由eitheror,neithernor,whetheror,notonlybutalso 连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends./Neithertheynorheiswhollyright./Isneitherhenortheywhollyright?2、therebe 句型 be 动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由 and 连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如：Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom.注意：Here 引导的句子用法同上。练习：主谓一致,who_yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourEnglish._notalwayshappy._hisstudents._chineseinchina.7 / 13_athome._goodpainters.,;isboyandeverygirl_toattendtheeveningparty._peasants._triedbutwithoutanyresult.,togetherwithtwoboys,_forhavingbrokentherule._._apen,twopencilsandthreebooksonthedesk.8 / 13_girls.,mountainlionsandwildroses_muchifpeopleleavethingsastheyare._wellknowntotheEnglish.sworks_published._builtthere._heldevery_years.;fived._elected._asked._cometohelpus.9 / 1325.All_presentandall_goingonwell,ourmonitorsaid.;are_themurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre._washed.;them_toolongforhim._leftonthetable._sixty-four._anhourwhenoneiswaitingforaphonecall.32._ofthemoney_nmout.;hasbeen;have10 / 13_theteacherattentively.,therestofwhich_moredifficult._theteachingbuilding._forirrigation._nowcleartousall._goodtextbooks._thematterwearediscussing._againsttheplan._yet._bad.11 / 1343._eitherofyourparentscometoseeyourecently?_thelanguageofscience._small._someotherexamples.;buthis_moreactive._growninthatcountry._agoodhabit._usefulforcharacter-training._toattendthemassmeetingthisevening.52._eitherheorItoattendthemassmeetingthisevening.12 / 13,withsomesatellitefactories,_tobebuilthere._aLeaguemember._watchingTV.,are_goingtoattendth