倒装句讲解及练习.doc

倒装句英语句子的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后，这种语序称作正常语序或自然语序。但有时出于语法或达到某种修辞目的(强调、承上启下、平衡等)的需要，要把谓语动词放在主语前面，这种语序称作倒装(Inversion)语序。将谓语动词完全移至主语之前，称完全倒装(Full Inversion)；如果只是把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，称为部分倒装。1. there be结构的倒装在“there be”(或there + appear to be，come，exist, happen to be, lie, live, occur, remain, seem, seem to be, stand, used to be) 等结构中，倒装形式为完全倒装。如：There were many students in the reading room in this evening. There is a TV set, a stereo system and a number of chairs in the sitting room.There seems to be a lack of communication.There remained a few jobs still to be finished.There stand a line of guards in front of the gate.2. here，there，now，then，thus等引起的倒装在以here, there, now, then等简短副词引起的句子中(前三个须用一般现在时)，动词往往是be, come, go, run, lie等，这类句子大多带有引起注意的含义。如： Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。 Here is the letter you have been looking forward to.你久盼的信在这儿。There goes the bell.但要注意：如果主语是代词，则不用倒装。如： Here they are. 他们在这儿。3. 省略if的非真实条件状语从句中的倒装在虚拟结构中，条件从句的谓语含有were， had 和should这三个词是，可省去if，将这些词移至主语之前。Had I time （= If I had time）， I would go and help you.Were I you （= If I were you）， I would go abroad.Should he come （=If he should come），tell him to ring me up.Had you worked harder at college, you would have got better job.Were he better qualified, he would apply for the position. 4. 副词so，neither，nor等引起的倒装在用so, nor, neither表示“也/不”这一类结构里其公式是:肯定: so + be / have/助动词/情态动词主语否定: Neither(nor)+be/have/助动词/情态动词主语。如：He has been to Beijing.他去过北京。 So have I.我也去过。They cant answer the question.他们不会回答这个问题。 Neither than I.我也不会。5. what，how引起的倒装以What, how开头的感叹句(表语或宾语提前)。如：What beautiful weather (it is)! 多好的天气啊！(表语提前)What a lovely picture he painted!他画了一张多好的画啊！(宾语提前)6. 疑问词或连接词引起的倒装在疑问词或连接词whether等引起的从句中。如：Whatever you may say, I wont go there.无论你怎样说，我都不会去那儿。(状语从句中宾语提前)What book he wants is not clear. 他要什么书还不清楚。(主语从句中宾语提前)7. 否定词位于句首时引起的倒装(1). never，seldom，hardly，little，few等引起的倒装否定词never，seldom，rarely，hardly，barely，scarcely，little，few等位于句首时所引起的倒装句通常为部分倒装形式，如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时，则为完全倒装形式。如： Never shall I forget the days when you were with us. Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他对这个会议的重要性不甚了了。Never/Seldom has there been so much protest against the Bomb.(2). nowhere，no longer，no more等引起的倒装nowhere(无处)，no longer(不再)，no more(也不)等否定词位于句首时所引起的倒装句通常为部分倒装形式，如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时，则为完全倒装形式： No longer was he in charge of this work.他不再负责这项工作了。Nowhere is drug abuse more of a problem than in the US.She didnt know the reason for his leaving. No more do I (=neither do I).(3). not until，not a，not in the least等引起的倒装not until(直到才)，not a(一个也没有)，not in the least(一点儿也不)，not for a minute/moment(一点儿也不)等位于句首时，通常引起倒装(not a之后的名词作主语时除外)，其形式通常为部分倒装形式，如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时，则为完全倒装形式。如： Not until all the demands had been turned down did the workers decide to go on strike. 一直到所有的要求遭到拒绝之后，工人们才决定罢工。 Not once did he talk to me. 他一次也没有和我谈过。Not a word did he say. 他一句话也没说。Not in the least am I afraid of you any more.(4). under no circumstances，by no means，in no way，at no time等引起的倒装in/under no circumstances (无论如何不)，by no means (决不)，in no case (无论如何不)，in no way (决不)，on no account (决不可)，on no condition(决不)，at no time（永不., 在任何时候都不）等短语位于句首时所引起的倒装句通常为部分倒装形式，如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时，则为完全倒装形式。如： In no case must force be resorted to. 决不准许诉诸武力。 By no means is it true that all English people know their own language well. 绝非所有的英国人都通晓本国语。At no time did anyone involved speak to the press.Under no circumstances would he change his mind.Under no circumstances should you lend him any money. 你无论如何都不该把钱借给他。On no account must you accept any money if he offers it. 他如要给你钱，你可绝不能接受。In no case should you give up. 你绝不能放弃。On no condition should we tell her about it. 我们绝不能把此事告诉她。No way will I go on working for that man. 我再也不给那个人工作了。8. 关联连词位于句首时引起的倒装(1). not only.but also引起的倒装not only.but also位于句首所引起的倒装句为部分倒装形式，如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时形式或一般过去时形式，则为完全倒装形式。如：Not only should we not be afraid of difficulties, but also we should try our best to overcome them. 我们不仅应该不怕困难，而且应该尽最大努力去克服它们。Not only did he come, but he saw her. 他不仅来了，而且还见到了她。Not only does she speak Spanish, (but) she also knows how to type.她不但会说西班牙语，还会打字呢。Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲得更正确，也讲得更不费劲了。Not only did they present a musical performance, but they also gave a brief introduction to the history of Western brass instruments. 他们不但做了音乐表演，而且简短地介绍了西方铜管乐器的历史.(2). neither.nor引起的倒装neither.nor位于句首引起的倒装句为部分倒装形式，如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时，则为完全倒装形式。如： Neither Peter wanted the responsibility，nor did his wife. 彼得不想担此责任，他妻子也不想担此责任。(3). hardly.when/no sooner.than引起的倒装hardly/scarcely/barely.when或no sooner.than位于句首所引起的倒装句为部分倒装形式，如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时，则为完全倒装形式。如： Hardly had he arrived when/No sooner had he arrived than he was asked to leave again. 他刚到就又被请走了。(4). so.that引起的倒装so.that位于句首所引起的倒装句为部分倒装形式，如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时，则为完全倒装形式。如： So angry was he (He so angry) that he couldnt speak.他如此愤怒，以致说不出话来。So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。So much did they eat that they could not move for the next hour. 他们吃得太多了，一个小时都动弹不得。So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.他讲话声音太大，隔壁的人都听得见。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法像它的速度。So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。类似地，当suchthat结构的such置于句首时，such后的句子也要使用部分倒装。Such a nice man did he seem that we all believe him. 他像个很和蔼的人，所以我们都喜欢他。(5). such.that引起的倒装such.that位于句首所引起的倒装句为部分倒装形式，如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时，则为完全倒装形式。如：Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken.爆炸的威力如此之大，以致所有的窗户都被震破了。9. only引起的倒装：当副词only位于句首并修饰状语或宾语时，引起句子的倒装，其形式通常为部分倒装，如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时，则为完全倒装。如： Only in this way can you solve this problem.只有用这种方法，你才可以解决这个问题。 Only yesterday did I finish this the book.到昨天我才读完那本书。Only then did I understand what she meant. 只有到那时我才明白她的意思。Only by shouting was he able to make himself heard. 他只有叫喊才能让别人听到他。注意，在only后作状语的是从句时，从句不要用倒装，要部分倒装的是主句。如：Only when it rains do you feel cool. 只有下雨时才觉得凉爽一点。Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。Only when we landed did we see how badly the plane had been damaged. 我们只是在着陆之后才看到飞机损坏的严重程度。10. 表语位于句首时所引起的倒装当作表语的形容词、副词、介词短语等位于句首时，常常引起倒装，其形式为完全倒装：Aristotle says，“Plato is dear to me，but dearer still is truth.” 亚里斯多德说，“吾爱柏拉图，但更爱真理。”Present at the meeting were Professor Smith，Professor Brown，Sir Hugh and many other celebrities. 到会的有史密斯教授、勃朗教授、休爵士以及许多其它知名人士。At the front of the book is a table of contents, giving details of what is in the book书的前部有目录，详列了书的内容11. 状语位于句首时所引起的倒装(1). 当位于句首的状语是一些表示地点的介词短语或表示运动方向的副词（如away，back，down，in，off，out，up）时，常常引起倒装，其形式为全部倒装。如： Away went the runners.赛跑手们刷地跑开了。 Down came the rain.雨哗地落下来了。Ahead sat an old woman. Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Round and round flew the plane. 飞机盘旋着。The door opened and in came Mr. Smith. 门开了，史密斯先生进了来。Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，伞都撑起来了。注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装：Away they went.(2).介词短语作地点状语，放在句首，后面跟的是不及物动词be, come, sit, live, stand, lie, exist等时常常引起倒装，其形式为全部倒装。如： Next to the table is a chair.桌旁有把椅子。 At the South Pole lies Antarctica, the coldest and most desolate region on earth.12. 状语从句中的倒装(1).让步状语从句中的倒装as引导的让步状语从句中的倒装：在as引导的让步状语从句中，位于句首的可以是形容词、名词、副词，还可以是谓语动词的一部分，从而形成从句的部分倒装。如： Tires as he was, he continued the work.虽然他累了，但是仍然继续工作。(2).方式状语从句中的倒装as引导的方式状语从句一般为正常语序，但是，如果主语比谓语长，可将谓语动词置于主语之前，形成完全倒装。如： He believed，as did all his family，that the king was the supreme lord. 他和他全家人一样，都认为国王是至高无上的君主。(3).比较状语从句的倒装than引导的比较状语从句中的倒装：由than引导的比较状语从句一般为正常语序。但是，如果主语较长，可将谓语动词置于主语之前，形成完全倒装： Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than does eastern Nebraska. 内布拉斯加西部地区的降雪通常比东部地区少。13. the more.，the more.结构中的倒装在以the more.， the more.引导的倒装结构中，采用部分倒装；如果主句的主语较长，可将谓语动词置于主语之前，形成完全倒装。如：The more books you read（宾语提前），the wider your knowledge is（表语提前）14. 分词和不定式置于句首的倒装，有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装：Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列问题要仔细考虑。15.其它倒装形式1）Such is life之类的倒装：这类句子中的 such 其实为表语，真正的主语是其后的life。如：Such is his nature. 他的本性就这样。Such were his words. 这就是他所说的话。2）表示祝愿的句子的倒装May you succeed! 祝你成功！Long live the Peoples Republic of China! 中华人民共和国万岁！3）以频度副词开头引出的倒装：以always, usually, often, now and then, many a time, every day等频度副词位于句首，且表示强调时，用部分倒装；但若不强调时，也可不用倒装。如：Often did we warn him not to do so. 我曾常常警告他不要那样做。Often he walked. 他过去经常步行。Then did I throw myself into a chair, exhausted. 这时我累得一下就坐在椅子上了。Then I went back to my own room. 于是我回到自己的房间去。倒装练习第一部分1._canyouexpecttogetapayrise.A. WithhardworkB.Althoughworkhard C.OnlywithhardworkD.Nowthatheworkshard 2._,motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether. A. HoweverlateisheB.Howeverheislate C.HoweverishelateD.Howeverlateheis3.Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver_howseriousthepollutionwas. A. didthevillagersrealize B.thevillagersrealized C.thevillagersdidrealize D.didntthevillagersrealize 4.NotuntilIbegantowork_howmuchtimeIhadwasted. A. didntrealizeB.didIrealize C.IdidntrealizeD.Irealized 5.DoyouknowJimquarreledwithhisbrother? Idontknow,_. A. nordontIcareB.nordoIcare C.IdontcareneitherD.Idontcarealso 6.Onlybypracticingafewhourseveryday_beabletowastemuchtime. A. youcanB.canyouC.youwillD.willyou 7.Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury_whatheatis. A. mandidknowB.manknew C.didntmanknowD.didmanknow 8._gotintotheroom _thetelephonerang. A. Hehardly;thenB.Hardlyhadhe;when C.Hehadnot;thanD.Nothadhe;when 9._snacksanddrinks，buttheyalsobroughtcardsforentertainmentwhentheyhadapicnicintheforest. A.NotonlytheybroughtB.Notonlydidtheybring C.NotonlybroughttheyD.Notonlytheydidbring 10.IdontthinkIcanwalkanyfurther. _,Letsstophereforarest. A. NeithercanIB.NeitherdoI C.IdidntthinksoD.Ithinkso 11.Onlyinthisway_doitwell. A. mustwe B.wecouldC.canweD.wecan 12.Hardly_whenitbegantorain. A. hadhearrivedB.arrivedhe C.hehadarrivedD.didhearrive 13.JackisastudentandstudiesattheNo.2MiddleSchool._. A.ItwasthesamewithMikeB. SoitiswithMike C.SoisMike D.SodoesMike 14._,Iwouldhavegivenyouhisaddress. A.IfyouaskedmeB.Youhadaskedme C.ShouldyouhaveaskedmeD. Hadyouaskedme 15._thattheyhadmadeanimportantdiscoveryinscience. A. LittletheyrealizedB.Theyhadrealizedlittle C. LittledidtheyrealizeD.Littlehadtheyrealized 16._thatIcouldntbeabsorbedinthework. A.Theymadesuchtalked B.SoloudlytheytalkedC.Itwasnoiseoutside D.Suchaloudnoisedidtheymake17.Manyatime_megoodadvice. A.hegaveB.doeshegive C.hehasgivenD.hashegiven 18._haveIseenabetterperformance. A.EverywhereB.Nowhereelse C.EverywhereelseD.Nowhere 19.Notasingleword_atthebeginning. A.didhesayB.hashesaidC.hesaidD.hehassaid 20.Onlyinanhourago_outwhyhewasabsent. A.didtheteacherfoundB.theteacherfound C.didtheteacherfindD.hadtheteacherfound 21._theplane. A.FlewdownB.Downflew C.DownwasflyingD.Downfly 22.Hardly_whenthebussuddenlypulledaway. A. theyhadgottothebusstop B.theygottothebusstop C.didtheygettothebusstop D.hadtheygottothebusstop23._Ihadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain. A.IfB.UnlessC.HadD.When 24.Notonly_apromise, buthealsokeptit. A.hadhemadeB.hehadmade C.didhemakeD.hemakes 25._Iwouldseeyouhere. A. LittleIdreamedB.LittledoIdreamC.Idreamedlittle D.LittledidIdream 26.There_. A. cometheyB.theycome C.theyarecomeD.theywillcome 27._thathecouldnotspeakforalongtime. A. SofrightenedwasheB.Sofrightenedhewas C.WashesofrightenedD.Frightenedwashe 28.Onlywhenclassbegan_thathehadlefthisbookathome. A. willherealizeB.hedidrealize C.didherealizeD.shouldherealize 29.Onlywhenyouhavefinishedyourhomework_gohome. A.canyouB.wouldyouC.youwillD.youcan 30.Seldom_anymistakesduringmypastfewyearsofworkinghere. A.wouldImakeB.didImake C.IdidmakeD.shallImake 第二部分1. Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted. A. didnt I realizeB. did I realize C. I didnt realizeD. I realized2. Only by practicing a few hours every day _ be able to master the language. A. you can B. can you C. you will D. will you3. If you dont go，neither _. A. shall IB. do IC. I doD. I shall4. No sooner _ to the station _ the train left. A. had I got， whenB. I had got， thanC. had I got， thanD. did I get， when5. - Your father is very strict with you.- _. He never lets off a single mistake of ours A. So he is B. So is he C. He is so D. So does he6. _ today，he would get there by Sunday. A. Would he leaveB. Was he leavingC. Were he to leaveD. If he leave7. Never in my life _ such a thing.A. I have heard or have seen B. have I heard or seenC. I have heard or seen D. did I hear or see8. - Here _！ Where is Xiao Liu？ - There _. A. comes the bus， is heB. comes the bus， he is C. the bus comes， is he D. the bus comes， he is9. _ ，I will not buy it. A. Much as do I like it B. As much I like itC. Much as I like it D. As I like it much10. - I like football. I dont like volleyball. - _. A. So do I B. Neither do I C. So it is with meD. So is it with me11._ the expense，I _ to Italy.A. If it were not， go B. Were it not for， would goC. Werent it for， will goD. If it hadnt been， would have gone12. So _ in the darkness that he didnt dare to move an inch.A. he was frightenedB. was he frightened C. frightened he was D. frightened was he13.-In modem times, girls like beautiful clothes.-Yes，_ and _boys. After all，our life has greatly improved.A. so do they； so do youB. so they do； so you doC. so do they； so you doD. so they do； so do you14.-You have an English class every day except Sunday.- _.A. So we have B. So we doC. So have we D. So do we15.1 wonder if your wife will go to the ball. If your wife _， so _ mine.A. does； will B. will； doesC. will； would D. does； do16. Only after I read the text over again _ its main idea.A. that I knewB. did I knewC. 1 could know D. I did know17.-You seem to have learned all the English words by heart.A. So I doB. So do IC. So I haveD. So have I18. -I seldom watch TV，but listen to the radio a lot.A. So do IB. Neither do IC. I m the same D. So it is with me19. So excited _ that he couldnt say a word.A. he seemedB. did he seemC. was he seeming D. he did look20. Jimmy was so nervous not a single word _ down in the dictation.A. he wroteB. he was writtenC. did he write D. was he written21. Little _ when I took the trip where it would lead me.A. have I knownB. had I known C. do I know D. did I know22. -Have you ever seen anything like that before？- _.A. No， I never have seen anything like that beforeB. No， never I have seen anything like that beforeC. No， never have I seen anything like that beforeD. No， I have seen anything like that before never23. _ ，I would accept the invitation and go to the party.A. Were I youB. Was I youC. Had I been youD. Would I be you24. You should work less _.A. and neither should IB. and so should I C. and nor should I D. and so I should25. _ and caught the mouse.A. Up the cat jumpedB. The cat up jumped C. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat26. Not only _ a promise，but also he kept it.A. did he make B. he madeC. does he make D. has he made27. His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. _.A. So is his aunt B. So has his auntC. So his aunt doesD. So it is with his aunt28. Not once _ their plan.A. did they change B. they changed C. changed theyD. they did change29.-Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother？-I dont know， and _ .A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neitherD. I dont care also30. Not until he arrived home _ he find that this wallet had been stolen.A. did B. wouldC. when D. that31. -This is one of the oldest trees in the world.- _ such a big tree.A. Never I have seen B. I havent never seen C. Never have I seen D. I have seen never32. Nowhere else in the world _ cheaper tailoring（裁缝业，成衣业）than in Hong Kong.A. a tourist can find B. can a tourist fin