unit 1 The Icy Defender.ppt

CollegeEnglishIntegratedCourse4 UnitOne FightingwiththeForcesofNature NCE B4 与自然力抗争 Theysaythatpridecomesbeforeafall InthecaseofbothNapoleonandHitler themanyvictoriestheyenjoyedledthemtobelievethatanythingwaspossible thatnothingcouldstandintheirway Russia sicydefenderwastoprovethemwrong 人道是骄兵必败 就拿破仑和希特勒两人来说吧 他们所向披靡 便以为自己战无不胜 不可阻挡 但俄罗斯的冰雪卫士证明他们错了 ChineseVersionofTextA NCE B4 Lead inQuestion previous next index break over Chinese Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature 1 Whichismorepowerful manornature 2listthecaseswheretheforcesofnaturearetoopowerfultoberesisted NCE B4 a Howisthetextrelatedtothethemeofthisunit i e fightingwiththeforceofnature b Whoorwhatistheicydefender c HowisNapoleonandHitlerrelatedtotheicydefenderandnature next index break over Chinese Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature Globeunderstanding Parts Paras MainIdeas PartOne PartFour PartThree PartTwo Paras1 2 Paras3 11 Paras12 20 Paras21 Introduction BothNapoleon sandHitler smilitarycampaignsfailedbecauseoftheseverityoftheRussianwinter Napoleon smilitarycampaignsagainstRussia Hitler smilitarycampaignsagainsttheSovietUnion Conclusion Theelementsofnaturemustbereckonedwithinanymilitarycampaign NCE B4 Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature BackgroungInformation previous index break over NCE B4 Throughoutthehistoryofmankind therehavebeenmanyconquerors ChengiskhanspenthisentirelifeconqueringneighboringpeoplesandexpandingtheMongolianEmpire ManyromanEmperorsdidthesamefortheRomanempire somuchsothatatonetimetheyruledmoderndayGreatBritain more Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature BackgroungInformation previous back index break over NCE B4 BoththeMongolianandRomanEmpireshadtheirriseandfallinthedistantpast Yetifwewanttoexamineconquerors thereisnoneedtogobackthatfar In1812 NapoleonBonaparteinvadedRussiainawarofconquest Morethanacenturylater AdolfHitlerlaunchedamassivemilitarycampaignagainsttheSovietUnion Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature CulturalNotes NapoleonBonaparte 1769 1821 emperoroftheFrench whoconsolidatedandinstitutionalizedmanyreformsoftheFrenchRevolution Oneofthegreatestmilitarycommandersofalltime heconqueredthelargerpartofEurope During1802 1815NapoleontriedtogaincontrolofthewholeofEurope NCE B4 Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature previous index break over more CulturalNotes HehadgreatsuccessagainstallhisenemiesexceptBritain whosenavyundernelsondefeatedtheFrenchnavyattheBattleofTrafalgarIn1805 andwhosearmyfoughtthePeninsularWaragainsthimfrom1808to1814 makinghimweakerinhisothercampaigns In1812NapoleonlosthalfamillionmenwhenheinvadedRussiainwinter andIn1814theBritish Russians andAustriansenteredParis NCE B4 Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature previous index break over more CulturalNotes previous back index break over TheysentNapoleontoruletheislandofElbaintheMediterranean buthecollectedanarmyaroundhimandreturnedtoParis Hewassoondefeatedagain attheBattleofWaterlooin1815 andwassenttotheislandofStHelenainthesouthAtlantic wherehediedin1812 NCE B4 Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature theBattleofWaterloo FinalanddecisiveactionoftheNapoleonicWars thateffectivelyendedFrenchdominationoftheEuropeancontinentandbroughtaboutdrasticchangesinthepoliticalboundariesandthepowerbalanceofEurope FoughtonJune18 1815 nearwaterloo inwhatisnowBelgium thebattleranksasagreatturningpointinmodernhistory CulturalNotes back index break over NCE B4 Thebattlefieldwassituatedaroundthreelargefarmhouses OnthefarleftwastheHOUGOUMONThouse seepictureabove Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature AdolfHitler 1889 1945 Germanpoliticalandmilitaryleaderandoneofthe20thcentury smostpowerfuldictators HitlerconvertedGermanyintoafullymilitarizedsocietyandlaunchedworldWarIIin1939 Hemadeanti Semitism 闪族 尤指犹太人 akeystoneofhispropagandaandpoliciesandbuiltthenazipartyintoamassmovement CulturalNotes more index break over NCE B4 Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature CulturalNotes previous back index break over NCE B4 Hehopedtoconquertheentireworld andforatimedominatedmostofEuropeandmuchofNorthAfrica Heinstitutedsterilization 绝育 andeuthanasia 安乐死 measurestoenforcehisideaofracialpurityamongtheGermanpeople andslaughteredmillionsofJews Sintianroman Gypsies NativeAmericanswere Slavicpeoples andmanyothers allofwhomheconsideredinferior Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature JosephStalin 1879 1953 CulturalNotes index break over GeneralsecretaryoftheCommunistpartyoftheunionofSovietSocialistrepublics USSR 1922 1953 andchairmanoftheCouncilofministersoftheUSSR 1941 1953 UnderhisleadershiptheUSSRwasbuiltintoamoderneconomicandmilitarypowerthatrepelledHitler sarmiesinWWIIandrivaledtheUnitedStatesduringtheColdwarperiod NCE B4 back Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature SiegeofLeningrad Alsoknownasthe900 daySiege blockadebyGermanforcesoftheUSSR ssecondlargestcityduringWorldwarII fromSeptember1941toJanuary1944 FollowingtheonsetofOperationBarbarossa thenaziplanforconquestoftheUSSR theGermanArmyGroupnorthmaderapidprogressthroughtheBalticrepublicstowarditsprincipaltarget thecityofLeningrad nowSaintPetersburg CulturalNotes index break over NCE B4 more Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature BySeptember4LeningradwassurroundedbyGermantroopstothesouth whileGermany sFinnishalliestookuppositionstothenorthofthecity Leningrad sonlyremaininglinkwiththesovietinteriorwasacrosslakeLadoga ThetotaldestructionofLeningradwasoneofAdolfHitler smajorobjectivesinhisRussiancampaignandhadbeenspecificallymentionedintheBarbarossadirectiveofDecember18 1940 ThenazileaderhaddescribedthecityasacenterofJewish Bolshevikintelligentsia TherewastobenoplaceforLeningradintheNazi NewOrder CulturalNotes previous index break over NCE B4 more Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature TheGermanstrategywastolaysiegetothecityandcutallwaterandpowersupplieswhilesubjectingthepopulationtomercilessairattacksanartillerybombardment Thepopulationofabout3millionwascallouslylefteithertostarveorfreezetodeath Bylate1941thedailybreadrationhadbeencutt110g 40z perperson Tomakemattersworse thatwinterwasextremelyharsh Nevertheless thepopulationshowedastonishingcourageandfortitudeinthefaceofsuchadversity CulturalNotes NCE B4 Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature previous index break over more Duringthewinteraroadlink popularlyknownasthe Roadoflife wasestablishedacrossfrozenlakeLadoga enablingsuppliestobebroughtinandprovidinganescaperoutformorethan500 000people thesiegewasfinallyliftedbyadvancingsovietarmiesinJanuary1944 bywhichtimesome1 25millioncitizenshadperishedasaresultoftheblockade In1945thePresidiumoftheSupremeSovietawardedLeningradtheorderofLeninforitsoutstandingresistancetotheGermaninvaders CulturalNotes back NCE B4 Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature previous index break over StalingradDuringWorldWarII Stalingrad astrategicallylocatedindustrialcenter wasavitalGermanobjective AlargeGermanforcemountedanassaultonthecityonaugust20 1942 afteraperiodofheavyairraids CulturalNotes index break over NCE B4 more Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature AsuccessfulSovietcounteroffensivebeganonNovember19 andonFebruary2 1943 thesixthGermanArmysurrendered thusendingtheGermanadvanceintotheUSSR Germancasualtiesalonetotaledmorethan300 000 AndtheSovietcitywasalmostcompletelydestroyed Reconstructionbeganimmediatelyafterthewar ThecitywasrenamedVolgogradin1961 Population 1999estimate thewinteraroadlink 995 800 CulturalNotes previous back index break over NCE B4 Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature Thefive monthbattleofStalingrad oneofhemostimportantbattlesinhistory wasturningpointinworldWarii TheGermandefeatendedHitler sadvanceintotheSovietUnion Afterthisvictory theRussianarmyadvancedacrosseasternEurope BerlinfellinMay2 1945 fivedayslater Germanysurrendered WorldWarIIAwar 1939 1945 whoseEuropeanoperationstookplacebetweentheaxispowers Germany ItalyandJapan andtheAllies Britain France andlatertheUSSRandtheUSA Chinaandmanyothercountrieswerealsoinvolvedinthewar fightingagainsttheaggressionofJapaninAsia CulturalNotes previous index break over NCE B4 more Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature thewarinEuropestartedwhenGermany underAdolfHitlerandnazis invadedandtookcontrolofsomeEuropeancountriesandtheallieswantedtopreventGermanpowergrowinginthisway BritaindeclaredwaronGermanyinSeptember1939whenGermantroopsenteredPoland andsoonafterwardsWinstonChurchill whoinBritainiscloselyassociatedwiththeAllies victoryinthewar becametheBritishprimeminister In1940GermanairforceattackedBritainrepeatedlybutwasnotsuccessful mainlybecauseoftheBritishvictoryintheBattleofBritain CulturalNotes NCE B4 Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature previous index break over more In1941GermanyinvadedRussianandJapanattackedpearlharbor anactionwhichbroughttheUSintothewar In1942JapanexpandeditscontroloverAsiabutwaslatercheckedbyalliedforcesinthepacific Inthesameyear attheBattleofEIAlamein AlliedforcesbegantodefeatGermanyandItalyinnorthernAfrica In1943theAllieslandedinItalyandRussianforcesbegantoadvanceonGermanyfromtheeast CulturalNotes NCE B4 Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature previous index break over more InJune1944theAlliesinvadednorthernEuropewiththeNormandylandingsandbegantodefeatGermanyinEurope Thewarendedinmay1945whentheAlliestookcontrolofGermany Hitlerkilledhimself andJapanwasdefeatedafewmonthslater GermanyandJapansurrenderedseparatelyin1945 CulturalNotes previous back index break over NCE B4 Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature Translate e g Theriseininterestratewillbedisastrousinthecaseofsmallfirms index break over Formaltrainingwilltakeatleast3yearsinthecaseofinteriordecoration 对于室内装修来说 需要进行至少三年的正式培训 inthecaseof asfaras isconcerned NCE B4 Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature back back index break over e g Manyteacherscomplainthattheycan tmakeanyimprovementintheteachingmethodsastheexistingexamsystemisintheway Translate 激烈的竞争阻碍了这个企业的发展 Thefiercecompetitiongetsinthewayofthisenterprise sdevelopment stand get beintheway preventfromdoingsth NCE B4 Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature back index break over e g TheeventstookplaceonarawFebruarymorning Thiscuttingboardisonlyusedtocutrawmeat Translate 工厂把原材料做成成品供出口和国内消费 Industrialplantsprocessedtherawmaterialintofinishedproductsforexportandfordomesticconsumption 阴冷的 未煮熟的未加工的 未分析的 raw Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature NCE B4 back index break over e g Beginningintheearly1960s humanslaunchedprobestoexploreotherplanets Translate 为了弘扬奥运精神 都灵率先发起了 青年2006 项目 InharmonywiththeOlympicspirit theCityofTurinhastakentheleadinlaunchingtheprojectYouthof2006 send sth onitscourse start发射 开始 launch NCE B4 Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature back index break over e g Somepeoplecomplainedthattoomuchmoneyhasbeenspentonpoliticalcampaigns Translate 德国在北非的战役中被打败了 TheGermansweredefeatedinthecampaigninNorthAfrica aseriesofmilitaryoperationsorplannedactivitieswithaparticularaim战役 活动 运动 campaign 运动正在蓬勃开展 Thecampaignisinfullswing NCE B4 Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature more index break over e g Remoteterminalsinthehome connectedtodatabanks makethehomethemostefficientplacetoworkinmanycases Translate 一个优秀经理不仅要有能力 还得有效率 Agoodmanagerisbothcompetentandefficient abletoworkwellorproducingasatisfactoryresultwithoutwastingtimeorresources效率 效益 efficient NCE B4 Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature previous back index break over 1 Ourgoalistoteachstudenthowtogetinformationformtheprintedpageefficiently rapidly andwithfullunderstanding NCE B4 efficientlyadv efficiencyn 1 Thesemachineshaveraisedefficiencymanytimes Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature index break over e g Theyear1939hadwitnessedtheconquestofPolandbyGermany Translate 他们有信心战胜疾病 Theyareconfidentoftheconquestofthedisease conquering defeat conquest NCE B4 compare conquerv conquerorn back Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature back index break over decisive producingadefiniteresultorconclusion havingorshowingtheabilitytodecidequickly e g MostofthedecisivelandcampaignsofWorldWarIoccurredonthecontinentofEurope Translate 为了消灭奴隶制 林肯采取了决定性的措施 Lincolntookdecisivemeasurestoendslavery 普遍认为欧元的采用是向欧洲一体化迈进的决定性的一步 TheadoptingoftheeuroiswidelyviewedasadecisivesteptowardasingleEuropeangovernment NCE B4 Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature back index break over retreat movebackorwithdrawwhenfacedwithdangerordifficulty e g Weadoptedthefollowingstrategies whentheenemyadvances weretreat whentheyretreat wepursue Translate 在激战之后 部队向南方撤退 Afterafiercebattle thetroopsretreatedsouthward NCE B4 Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature back index break over be getboggeddown beunabletomakeprogress e g Mostthetankswereboggeddownbecauseofmechanicaldefectsandinexperiencedcrews Translate 当地政府对于如何处理工业设备释放出的危险化学物质一筹莫展 Thelocalgovernmentgotboggeddowninproblemsofhowtohandletheemissionofhazardouschemicalsbyindustrialfacilities NCE B4 Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature back index break over engage beginfightingwithsb causeto takepartinordo occupyorattractsb sinterestetc e g Thecommanderorderedthesoldierstoengagetheenemyimmediately Translate 我没空闲谈 Ihavenotimetoengageingossip Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature back index break over befacedwith havetodealwith e g Thelibrarianswerefacedwiththehugetaskoflistingallthebooks Translate 这些毕业生面临新的挑战 Thesegraduatesarefacedwithnewchallenges 他面临失业的可能 Heisfacedwiththepossibilityofbeingunemployed NCE B4 Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature index break over crucial veryimportant followedbyto e g Amazingly oursoccerteamwonthevictoryinthecrucialfinalgame Translate 消费者信心的提高对经济复苏至关重要 Improvedconsumerconfidenceiscrucialtoeconomicrecovery 重要的是我们应该知道怎样正确使用这些电器 It scrucialthatweshouldknowhowtousetheelectricappliancesproperly NCE B4 back Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature index break over takeagamble e g Thecompanytookagamblebycuttingthepriceoftheirproducts anditpaidoff NCE B4 takearisk Translate 她孤注一掷把所有的积蓄投入股票 Sheistakingagambleofinvestingallhermoneyinstocks back Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature back index break over presson ahead continuedoingsth inadeterminedway usedinthepattern presson ahead withsth e g Ourschoolauthoritiesarekeentopressonwitheducationalreform Translate 罢工的组织者决定继续罢工 Organizersofthestrikearedeterminedtopresson NCE B4 Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature back index break over occupation Theseizureandcontrolofacountryorareas one s trade profession orbusiness Translate 这位老人因无所事事而感到无聊 Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature DuringtheJapaneseoccupationofChina millionsofinnocentChinesepeoplewerekilledbyJapanesesoldiers Theoldmanbecameboredforlackofoccupation index break over bideone stime waitpatientlyforachance e g Hispoliticalrivalsarebidingtheirtimeforanattackonhispolicies NCE B4 Translate 他等待时机 直到哈佛大学给他提供了一个教授的职位 HebidedhistimeuntilHarvardUniversityofferedhimaprofessorship back Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature minus belowzero madelessby slightlylowerthanthemarkstated Tomorrow stemperaturewillbeaslowasminustendegreescentigrade 20minus10is10 Thegrossprofitofanautomobilemanufacturerequalsthevalueofitscarsalesminusthecostofmakingcars IgotBminusinthefinalexamination back index break over NCE B4 Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature e g dragon moveslowlyandwitheffort continueendlesslyandtediously e g Thesecompensationcaseshavealreadydraggedonforoneyear Translate back index break over NCE B4 这次国际会议要拖多久 Howlongistheinternationalconferencegoingtodragon Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature stroke anyofaseriesofrepeatedmovements singlesuccessfuloreffectiveactionoroccurrence blow e g Isawachanceofsolvingallmyproblemsatastroke Translate 他上周抽奖得了一部车 这是他第一次被幸运击中 Hewonacarinthelotterylastweek That shisfirststrokeofgoodluck back index break over NCE B4 Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature atthecostof withthelossof e g Hesavedhissonatthecostofhisownlife Translate 当地政府发展经济却以环境为代价 Thelocalgovernmentdevelopeditseconomybutatthecostofenvironment back index break over NCE B4 Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature limp walkwithdifficulty esp whenonefootorlegishurt e g Thatdogmustbehurt itislimping Iinjuredmyankleandhadtolimp back index break over NCE B4 Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature weaken causeto becomeweakorweaker Translate 亚洲经济危机给一些国家带来了重创 TheAsianfinancialcrisisseverelyweakenedsomecountries back index break over NCE B4 e g Pneumoniaoftenprovesfataltopeoplewithaweakenedimmunesystem Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature alliance aunionoranassociationformedformutualbenefit esp betweencountriesororganizations e g NATOisconsideredasthemostpowerfulmilitaryallianceinmodernhistory Translate 1940年 德国和日本正式结为联盟 JapanandGermanymadetheirformalalliancein1940 back index break over NCE B4 Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature invasion anenteringorbeingenteredbyanattackingmilitaryforce e g OnHitler sorders theinvasionofPolandbeganonSeptember1 1939 Translate Wehavetobealerttoculturalinvasion 这个国家已经摆脱侵占有60年了 Thecountryremainsfreefrominvasionfor60years back index break over 我们得警惕文化入侵 NCE B4 Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature declaration formallyannouncing aformalannouncement followedbyof e g TheJapaneseattackedtheU S navalbaseatPearlharbor Hawaii onDecember7 1941withoutadeclarationofwar Translate 开场的演说听起来更像宣战而不是宣扬和平 Theopeningspeechessoundedmorelikedeclarationsofwarthanofferingsofpeace index break over NCE B4 back Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature catchsb offguard takesb bysurprise e g Themanagerdidn tknowwhattosay Itwasclearthatmyquestionhadcaughthimoffguard Translate 他邀请我参加他的婚礼 这让我很吃惊 Theinvitationtohisweddingcaughtmeoffguard back index break over NCE B4 Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature instruct giveordersordirectionsto sb usedinthepatterns insturctsb todosth instructsb that instructsb withquote teach sb usedinthepattern instructsb in onsth e g 1 Iinstructedmyagenttoselltheproperty 2 Theprofessorinstructedusthatwehadonemonthtoconducttheproject back index break over NCE B4 Translate 上尉命令士兵撤退 Thecaptaininstructedthesoldierstoretreat Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature back index break over render cause sb sth tobeinaspecifiedcondition sameasmake e g Hundredsofpeoplewererenderedhomelessbytheearthquake Translate 他不得不为他的粗鲁作出道歉 Hehadtorenderanapologyforhisrudeness Unit1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature casualty apersonwhoiskilledorinjuredinwarorinanaccident e g Theprecisenumberofcasualtiesinyesterday sbombexplosionisnotknown Translate 有关这次交通事故的最初报告提及至少有50人伤亡 Firstreportofthetrafficaccidenttellsofmorethan50