医学英语-药理学.ppt

Pharmacology Whatispharmacology ThewordpharmacologyderivesfromtheGreekwordfordrug pharmakon Pharmacologyisthemedicalsciencethatstudiesthenatureandthepropertiesofdrugs aswellastheinteractionsbetweendrugsandthebody Effect Mechanism Absorption Distribution Metabolism Elimination DrugAdrugisachemicalsubstancethatcanmodulatethecurrentphysiologicalstatusofabiologicalsystem isdefinedasachemicalwhichisutilizedforthediagnosis preventionandcureofanunwantedhealthcondition definitionbyFDA Basicknowledgeofdrug DRUGNOMENCLATUREDRUGPREPARATIONSDRUGADMINISTRATION Drugnomenclature ChemicalnameGenericnameBrandnameBrandnamesometimesismorepopularthangenericname 1 3 6 7 dihydro 1 methyl 7 oxo 3 propyl 1H pyrazolo 4 3 d pyrimidin 5 yl 4 ethoxyphenyl sulfonyl 4 methylpiperazine Sildenafil Viagra 1 3 6 7 二氢 1 甲基 7 氧 3 丙基 1H 吡唑并 4 3 d 嘧啶 5 基 4 乙氧苯基 璜酰基 4 甲基哌嗪 Acetylsalicylicacid aspirin Bayer Preparations suspension tablet capsule ointment solution aerosol Drugadministration OralInhalationalTopical instillation suppository Parenteraladministration intradermalinjection subcutaneousinjection intravenousinjection Intramuscularinjection Theeffectsofdrugs Therapeuticactionofdrugs Excitation diureticsInhibition asprin NSAIDs EtiologicaltreatmentantibioticsSymptomatictreatmentantihypertensivedrugs Theeffectsofdrugs Adversedrugreaction istheundesirableeffectofdrugassociatedwiththeuseofgivenmedicationsatanormaldose Sideeffect isaneffect whethertherapeuticoradverse thatissecondarytotheoneintended Atropin gastrointestinalrelaxaion pupildilationstomachache fundusexamination optometry AcutetoxicationdamageonCNS CVS andRS Chronictoxication hepatotoxicity nephrotoxicity bonemarrow endocrinesys Specialtoxications CarcinogenesisTeratogenesis thalidomideMutagenesis phocomelus Toxiceffect allergicreaction hypersensitivereaction Definition Astateofapersonwhoispronetorespondabnormallytoaparticularantigen whichmaycauseavarietyoftissuereactions e g penicillin allergicshock Definition anabnormalandunexpectedsensitivityexhibitedbyanindividualtoaparticulardrugorfood resultfromgeneticpolymorphismsthatcauseindividualdifferencesindrugpharmacokineticse g anincreasedincidenceofperipheralneuropathyisseeninpatientswithinheriteddeficienciesinacetylationwhenisoniazidisusedtotreattuberculosis Idiosyncracy idiosyncraticreaction Definition aresidualbiologicaleffectofdrugafterwithdrawal e g barbiturate sedativecauseshangover whichindicatedizzinessnextmorning Aftereffect residualeffect Definition suddenwithdrawalofdrugworsentheoriginaldiseaseafterlongtimetreatmente g Clonidine withdrawalreaction reboundreaction DRUGCLASSIFICATIONS over the counterdrugs OTC isavailablewithoutspecialrestrictionprescriptiononlymedicine POM isonlyobtainedwithaprescriptionofaphysician Druggroup CentralnervoussystemdrugsCardiovasculardrugsRespiratorydrugsGastrointestinaldrugsAntimicrobialdrugs Centralnervoussystemdrugs stimulants increaseactivityoftheCNSdepressants analgesics reduce eliminatethesensationofpainhypnotics causedrowsinesstranquilizer causeacalmingeffectanesthetics causelossofbodysensation Respiratorydrugs Antitussives suppressthecoughingreflexAntispasmodicdrug causebronchodilationExpectorants reduceviscosityofmucus Cardiovasculardrugs Cardiacglycosides increasecardiaccontractilityAntiarrhythmicdrug restorenormalrhythmVasoactivedrugs vasoconstrictor vasodilatior Gastrointestinaldrugs Antiacids neutralizetheacidicenvironmentLaxative stimulatethebowelevacuationAntidiarrhealagents stop controldiarrheal Antibiotics antimicrobialagents Inhibitionofcellwallsynthesis penicillins cephalosporinsInhibitionoffunctionofcellularmembrane amphotericinB polymyxinInhibitionofnucleicacidsynthesis sulfonamides rifampinInhibitionofproteinsynthesis erythromycins tetracyclines aminoglycosides adrenergicagent肾上腺素能药adrenergicreceptor肾上腺素能受体adrenergicagonist肾上腺素促效剂sympathomimetic类交感 神经 的noradrenaline norepinephrine 去甲肾上腺素adrenaline epinephrine 肾上腺素isoprenaline异丙肾上腺素antiadrenergicagent抗肾上腺素剂adrenergic肾上腺素 能 的antagonist拮抗剂sympatholyticdrug交感神经阻滞药cholinergicagent胆碱能药 cholinergicagonist胆碱能激动剂parasympathomimetic类副交感 神经 的acetylcholinereceptoragonist乙酰胆碱受体激动剂acetylcholine Ach 乙酰胆碱pilocarpine匹鲁卡品acetylcholinesterase乙酰胆碱酯酶neostigmine新斯的明anticholinergicagent抗胆碱药atropine阿托品cholinergicreceptorantagonist胆碱受体拮抗剂parasympatholyticdrug副交感神经阻滞药anesthetic麻醉剂generalanesthetics全麻药物barbiturate巴比妥酸盐Localanesthetics局麻药物 procaine普鲁卡因analgesics镇痛药antipyretic退烧药Stimulants兴奋剂amphetamine安非他命 苯丙胺 Hypnotics安眠药insomnia失眠anticonvulsant抗痉挛剂epilepticseizure癫痫发作antidepressant抗抑郁药depression抑郁症 cardiacglycoside强心苷digitalis毛地黄digitoxin洋地黄毒苷digoxin地高辛arrhythmia心律失常antiarrhymicdrugs抗心律失常药propranolol普洛奈尔vasoconstrictors血管收缩剂vasodilators血管扩张剂glyceryltrinitrate三硝酸甘油antihypertensives抗高血压药verapamil维拉帕米angiotensin convertingenzyme ACE 血管紧张素转换酶 diuretic利尿剂extracellularfluid细胞外液furosemide速尿thiazides噻嗪类anticoagulants抗凝血药heparin肝素thrombi血栓症emboli栓塞antitussives镇咳药bronchodilator支气管扩张药 器Salbutamol沙丁胺醇asthma哮喘expectorant祛痰药mucolyticagent化痰药 antihistamine抗组胺药chlorpheniramine扑尔敏antacids抗酸剂aluminumhydroxide氢氧化铝cimetidine西咪替丁sucralfate硫糖铝lactosin乳杆菌素antiemetic止吐药laxativesconstipation通便药diarrhea腹泻 methlthiouracil MTU 甲硫氧嘧啶t