中英文文献翻译-高压输电线路中绝缘子图像检测技术研究

中北大学 2013 届毕业论文第 1 页 共 13 页Study of insulator image-detection techonology in high voltage transmission lineWith the continuous expanding of power networks scale and intense increasing of requirements for electric power, the power system encounters unprecedented challenge. The substation is one of important apartment, whose reliability directly affects the whole power networks running. Furthermore its safely running depends on electric equipments running state. Currently workers go to inspect and maintain all electric equipments periodically, which not only wastes lots of manpower, but the result of patrol is related with workers responsibility and spirits. Due to workers negligence and tiredness, potential troubles cant be found timely, which severely prevents the automation level from improving.The electric departments gradually founded video-watching system based on remote measurement, remote signaling, and remote control, which can monitor many important electric equipments. For example, master-control room, high-voltage equipments, power transformer can be monitored through visible video. To some extent, the automatic level is improved and the application of image technology impels the revolution in power system.Currently the technology of image processing and pattern recognition has obtained achievements in many domains. On the country, it has delayed in power system. Although recently years some application system based on image processing appeared, these systems need workers to observe and analyze the collecting images and draw a conclusion whether the running state is in order. This new technology stimulates the developing of power system, but they also have many shortcomings, such as deficiency of intellectual monitoring and analyzing and identifying the running state automatically or timely. Facing the situation, this paper applies image processing and pattern recognition technology in power system, preprocesses the equipments images that are collected, analyzes the features of electric equipments, recognizes the type of electric equipments, and draws the conclusion whether the 中北大学 2013 届毕业论文第 2 页 共 13 页equipments running state is in order. If some troubles or potential troubles are found, the system gives out alarming signals. So the workers can go to inspect and maintain the equipments, eliminate the troubles.In order to settle variable problems in electric equipments state monitoring and further improve the level of automatic monitoring and analyzing, this paper adds some function of software analysis to video-watching system and realizes that this system can recognize the equipments and identify the running state.The finished works as follows:(1)The Analysis of Image Technologys ApplicationRecently, computer vision based on image processing and image recognition has made fast development in many fields, especially in remote sensing, medical treating, manufacturing, and etc. This paper absorbs the experiences in many domains, puts forward to apply image processing and recognition in substation monitoring, which can impetus the application of image technology in power system.(2)The Integral Project of Electric equipments MonitoringFor the purpose of using the computer vision replaces workers to complete monitoring and analyzing electric equipments running state, the paper put forward an analytical project, which constitutes of charge coupled device, image collector, and computer recognition system. Compared with the present video-watching system, this system designed by the project has the identical hardware, simultaneously add some analytical function to it. Analyzing power equipments running state in the presence image and computer vision technology is a new method in on-line monitoring. When the equipments state is in order, the images neednt to transmitting, which can avoid crowding of transmission passage. Only the state is out of order, the system gives alarm signal and transmits images which need the worker further analyze images. This new method not only can raise the real-time nature and accuracy, but can replacement partly or complete manpower patrol, which can consult many problems, such as the worker s over-loading, results effect of artificial factors.(3)Images Preprocessing中北大学 2013 届毕业论文第 3 页 共 13 页Due to multiple facets influence, such as the deficiency of collection devices, circumstance and variation of light, etc, the equipments images that are inputted into computer inevitably include some noises and distortions, which can reduce images quality. These noises and distortions usually have significant disturbance in the processing of images segmentation, feature extraction, and equipments recognition. So it is necessary to preprocess the electric equipments images, which includes images smoothing, eliminating noise, filtering, enhancing edges, and etc. In this part, many methods of images preprocessing are introduced, sequent their deficiencies and virtues are declared through comparison of images processing results. For different electric equipments, different methods are selected to process their images, and obtain some results.(4)Study on Approach of Feature Extracting and RecognizingIn the process of applying in power system, images preprocessing is the first step, but the feature analysis, feature extract, and equipments recognition are the key parts. In this part, several kinds of images characteristics in common use are introduced, such color features, texture features, shape features, and etc. During recognizing and analyzing the high-voltage switch, the color features is extracted, and these features can reflection the equipments characteristics, so results of recognition is satisfying. Another recognition example is the electric transformers recognition. After analyzing transformers features, the approach of stencil match is fit to recognize the transformer. Through recognition experiment, the electric transformer is identified from the images. At the end, the two methods are simultaneous used to recognize the transformer, which can dramatically reduce the operation complexity and increase the speed of recognition, which can ensure the system monitor and analyze electric equipments real-timely.(5)Detection of Electric Equipments StateAfter recognizing electric equipments from collected images, the image region of electric equipments is the region of interest. So the region of interest can be further processed and analyzed, compared with the electric equipments images in order, 中北大学 2013 届毕业论文第 4 页 共 13 页found if there are any changes in the images. In this process the formula is used:),(),(),(11 yxPyxPWhen the electric equipments running state is in order, the above formulas value is very small and can be neglected. When the equipments have some troubles or potential troubles, their images must have changes. For example, if convex hulls, intensive stochastic noises or false edges can be found, the running state of equipments must be not in order. In other words, the formula value cant be neglected, so alarming signals are given out.In this paper, the electric equipments running states are identified through multiple algorithms of image processing and pattern recognition. Lab Windows/CVI is a useful tool in image process, and compatible with other compile software.Recently the technology of image process and pattern recognition is in a rapidly developing stage, and it has obtained significant achievements in many other fields. Applying this technology in substation monitoring must provoke technical innovation and improve the automatic level of power system. With the computer technology constantly improving and new theory algorithm gradually invented, the image processing technology must make an important role in power system in future, and have a good prospect.中北大学 2013 届毕业论文第 5 页 共 13 页高压输电线路中绝缘子图像检测技术研究随着社会电网规模的不断扩大和对电量的需求的急剧增加，电力系统安全稳定运行受到了严峻的考验。变电站是电力系统中的一个关键部分，它的可靠性直接影响整个电网的运行，而变电站的安全运行主要由变电站电力设备的运行状态决定。对各种电力设备进行定期的维护与检修时，目前主要是依靠人工巡视的手段去判断设备的运行状态。人工巡视的方法不但浪费大量的人力、物力、财力，而且巡视结果与工作人员的责任心和精神状态密切相关，由于人的疏忽或是疲劳，故障隐患时常不能被及时发现，同时严重影响变电站自动化水平的提高。随着计算机技术、图像技术的发展，电力部门逐步建立了远程图像视频监测系统，在遥测、遥信、遥控、遥调的基础上增加了“遥视”功能，实现了重要设备和场所的监测。如主控制室、高压室、电力变压器、隔离开关、室外场地等重要场所和设备的实时可视化监测。在一定程度上提高了电力系统的自动化程度，推动了电力系统的自动化变革。目前，图像处理与模式识别技术在很多领域都取得了可喜的成果，相比之下，此技术在电力系统中的应用则显得相对滞后。虽然近几年，出现了一些基于图像处理和识别的应用系统，如遥视系统在无人值班变电站中的应用，主要依靠值班人员直接去观察和分析采集到的图像，然后对运行状况做出合理的判断。这些应用在一定程度上促进了电力系统的发展，其缺点是仍然缺乏智能的监测与识别功能，不能自动地、及时地对电力设备的运行状态做出判断。针对目前的这种情况，本文研究了变电站电力设备的识别与状态分析，采用图像识别与分析技术，利用计算机自动对采集到的变电站电力设备的图像进行预处理，分析电力设备的特征，通过模式识别的方法识别电力设备，最后通过处理后的图像与基准图像相比较，判断出变电站电力设备的状态是否出于正常的运行中。若发现运行状态处于故障或是存在潜在的故障，及时发出报警信号，以便安排工作人员到设备现场进行检查，排除隐患。本文中通过几种电力设备的图像处理，特征提取，识别设备以及状态分析的实例，证明了该方法的准确性与可行性。为了解决目前变电站电力设备状态监测中存在的各种问题，提高电力系统中北大学 2013 届毕业论文第 6 页 共 13 页中电力设备运行状态监测与分析的自动化水平。本文在现有的视频监测系统硬件的基础上，增加系统软件分析的功能，实现对变电站电力设备的自动识别与状态分析。所完成的主要工作如下：(1)图像技术应用分析随着科学技术的进步，图像技术的应用越来越广泛。本文首先介绍了目前图像技术在工业、农业、医学、国防等领域中的成熟应用，以及取得的显著成果，针对电力行业图像应用相对滞后的现状，借鉴了图像在其它行业中成功的经验，提出了将图像处理与识别技术运用到变电站电力设备识别与监测中，能够促进图像识别技术在变电站中的应用与发展，提高变电站自动化水平。(2)变电站图像处理与分析的总体方案从计算机视觉替代人来完成变电站电力设备状态监测的各项工作出发，由工业摄像头、图像传输设备和计算机识别系统构建一个变电站设备自动识别分析方案。该方案设计的系统与当前的视频监测系统相比，硬件基本相同，不需要太大的改动，增加了系统的软件分析功能。借助于图像与计算机视觉技术分析电力设备的运行状态，是电力设备在线监测的一种新方法。在变电站实时采集电力设备运行时的图像，由计算机自动分析判断电力设备的运行状态。当电力设备运行正常时，不必传输采集的图像，这样就避免了传输通道的拥挤；只有出现异常时，发出告警信号并上传分析结果，此时才需要调度端操作员根据自动分析结果，进一步判断电力设备的运行情况。这种新方法不仅可有效的提高监测系统的实时性和准确性，而且可部分或完全替代人工巡视，同时解决调度员工作负担重、分析结果受人为因素影响等诸多难题。(3)电力设备图像的预处理由于图像采集设备本身的缺陷、环境因素、光照变化以及传输过程中的干扰因素等多方面的影响，输入到计算机中的电力设备图像中不可避免的会含有畸变和噪声，降低图像的质量，给人的视觉和计算机的分析带来严重的影响。图像的这些畸变和噪声会对后面的图像分割、特征提取以及识别分析带来严重的干扰，降低电力设备的识别和状态分析结果的准确程度。因此，对采集到的变电站电力设备图像首先要进行必要的预处理：图像去噪、边缘增强、边缘检测等。为以后的特征提取和识别处理做好初步的必要工作，方便后续工作的同中北大学 2013 届毕业论文第 7 页 共 13 页时也能保证识别分析的准确性。在本部分中，介绍了图像去噪、图像锐化及其边缘检测的多种方法，并且通过介绍的各种算子对变电站电力设备的图像处理结果进行了对比，说明了各种方法的优缺点。并且针对电力设备的不同，采用合适的方法对设备图像进行了处理，交叉运用了预处理的多种方法，得出了几种电力设备图像的去噪、锐化和分割的结果。(4)电力设备图像特征的提取与识别方法的研究图像处理与识别技术在电力系统中的应用过程中，图像的预处理是基础，对电力设备图像的特征分析、特征提取以及识别才