读写译3——unit4

Unit 4 一 1 Pass sth sb off as sth 把 某事或某人 假冒成 2 chances are excellent that 很可能 3 Stand out 清晰地显出 引人注意 4 In the absence of 缺乏 5 To the letter 严格按照文字意思地 不折不扣地 6 Take notice 注意 7 In truth 真实地 8 Pop up 突然出现 二 1 Episode 2 Infect 3 Digestive 4 Tract 5 Bacteria 6 Storage 7 Symptom 8 Bout 9 Malnourished 10 Severe 11 Flavor 12 Edible 13 Absence 14 Potent 15 Flaw 16 Taint 17 Strain 18 Patron 19 Stricken 20 Spotlight 21 Raw 22 Thorough 23 Revelation 24 Overhaul 25 Mechanism 26 Ensure 27 Outcome 28 Poultry 29 Hazard 30 Detect 31 Decay 32 Verify 33 Fraction 34 Victim 35 Inevitable 36 Batch 37 Reject 38 Bulge 39 Source 40 Largely 41 Safeguard 三 1 食源性疾病 food borne illnesses 2 快餐连锁店 a fast food restaurant chain 3 致命性的消化道疾病 fatal digestive tract illnesses 4 防止对 失控 prevent loss of control over 5 可食用的蔬菜 edible vegetables 6 仅仅组成一小部分 make up only a fraction of 7 室温下存储 store at room temperature 8 仅仅影响几位受害者 affect just a few victims 9 使 安全使用 make safe for consumption 10 保护食物免受微生物侵害 protect food from microorganisms 四 1 如果你下次 感冒 的主要症状或唯一症状是消化道紊乱 那么你很可能是食物中毒了 If you experience digestive tract disturbances as the major or only symptoms of your next bout of flu chances are excellent that what you really have is food poisoning 2 这种细菌只能在缺氧 弱酸和华氏 40 度至 120 度的条件下生长 这种温度适宜大多数细 The microbe grows only in the absence of oxygen in low acid conditions and temperatures that support growth of most bacteria 40 to 120 F ahrenheit 3 一些人认为 每年患一两次肠道疾病在所难免 但是 事实上 这些疾病是能够也应该 预防的 Some people have come to accept a yearly bout or two of intestinal illness as inevitable bu in truth these illness can and showed be prevented 4 许多瓶装罐头的瓶盖都设计了安全 按钮 瓶盖一经开启就立刻膨起 消费者购买时 应 确认该处密封完好 Many jars have safety butions areas of the lied designed to pop up once opened make sure that they are firmly sealed 5 几乎所有的人都有过食物中毒的经历 但可能被误以为是得了 流感 而硬挺了过来 Nearly everyone else experiences illness from food poisoning every year but may mistakenly pass it off as flu 6 肉毒素的毒性极强 仅一粒盐大小的肉毒素就可以在 1 小时内致数人死亡 So potent is the botulinum toxin that an amount as tiny as a single grain of salt can kill several people within an hour 7 高温可以杀死肉毒素 含有肉毒素的罐头食品只需煮沸十分钟 即可安全使用 自制的 罐装食品只有严格按照食品卫生文本的规定操作 才能保证食品安全 The botulinum toxin is destroyed by heat so canned foods that contain the toxin can be rendered harmless by boiling them for ten minutes Home canned food can be prepared safely only if proper canning techniques are followed to the letter 8 杂货店出售的罐装和包装食品虽然易于控制和管理 但偶尔也会出现问题 Canned and packaged foods sold in grocery stores are easily controlled but rare accidents do happen 五 1 小贩 vendor 2 包子 stuffed bun 3 羊肉串 mutton skewer 4 麻辣烫 spicy soup skewer 5 火锅 hot pot 6 呕吐 vomit 7 恶心 nausea 8 Diarrhea 9 卫生 hygiene 10 遵从 compliance 11 摄氏的 celsius 12 无生命力的 inert 13 苏醒 复苏 revive 14 再发生 复发 recur 15 器皿 器具 utensil 16 蛤壳 clamshell 17 烤架 铁格子 grill 18 钳子 夹子 tongs 19 然而 nonetheless 六 1 培养成 养育成 be bred for 2 添加 加入 be added to 3 装载 be loaded with 4 对 构成危险 pose a severe danger to 七 1 taste bud 味蕾 2 Ethylene gas 乙烯气 3 Vine 藤本植物 4 Antioxidant 抗氧化剂 5 Chelating agent 整合剂 稳定剂 6 乳化剂 7 聚集物 集成物 混合体 8 摄取 吸收 9 糖浆 甜味剂 10 新陈代谢 11 色素 着色剂 染料 12 Additive 13 Adulteration 14 Preservative 15 Substance 16 Peanut 17 Stackable 18 Haul 19 Ripen 20 Spoil 21 Enhancer 22 Beverage 23 Retardation 24 Dizziness 25 Seizure 26 Tumor 27 Lawsuit 28 Substitute 29 Reaction 30 Slice 31 Lemonade 32 Synthetic 33 Dye 34 Ban 35 Pesticide 36 Label 37 Agent 38 Recognize 39 Turn out 40 Charge for 41 Regulation 42 Enhancer 43 Commercial 44 Emulsifier 45 Scrubber 洗涤器 46 Donuts 炸面圈 47 Trans 反式 trendy 赶时髦的 48 Celebrities 名人 49 Eco foodies 生态美食家 50 Bizarre 奇异的 51 Barley 大麦 52 Oats 燕麦 53 Wholesome 有益健康的 54 Pickles 泡菜 55 Molasses 糖蜜 8 被动时态的翻译 2 4 译为系表结构 将英语被动语态转换成汉语 是 的 是以 之类的系表结构 1 The shield is used to protect body during fighting 盾是打仗时用来保护身体的 2 These illnesses can and should be prevented 这些疾病是能够也应该预防的 5 译为 由 动词 结构 1 This merchant ship was convoyed by a destroyer 这艘商船由一驱逐舰护航 2 Food borne illness can be caused either by infection or by intoxication 食源性疾病可以由传 染或醉酒所致 6 增添适当主语 1 It is well known that smoking is harmful to the health 众所周知 吸烟有害健康 2 Live disease causing organisms of many types are routinely found in raw meats 人们发现生 肉中常含有多种活跃的致命菌 7 译为无主句 汉语表达比较灵活 不像英语那样严格受到主 谓 宾结构限制 例如汉语句子经常可以 不要主语 因此 在很多情况下 根据行文的需要 可采用汉语的无主句来翻译英语的被 动语态 1 Some 300 papers were presented at the conference 会上提交了约 300 篇论文 2 The term self esteem is frequently used in American education 在美国教育中经常用到 自 尊 这个词 8 保持原文的被动结构 在某些情况下 原文的主语确实处于某种不利的境地 翻译时可以按汉语表达习惯添加 被 给 遭 等字眼 而 受 为 所 等字感情色彩比较中性 如 受表 扬 批评 为大家所仰慕 蔑视 接受等等 翻译时可以忽略其负面含义 1 A woman is treated as simple possession 妇女仅仅被当做财产 2 A woman is highly restricted in terms of her actions 妇女的行为受到严格控制 9 采用其他手段替换 在某些情况下 英汉语言结构差异太大 对于英语的一些语句 汉语没有类似的表达法 很难套用原文的结构 此时 我们可跳出原文的圈子 另辟蹊径 用意译来表达出原文的 含义 1 The news was passed on by word of mouth 众口相传 消息不胫而走 Pass on 传递 2 She was delivered of a boy 她生了一个男孩 Deliver 接生 3 I am attached to my family 我对家人依依不舍 4 He has been wedded to computer science 他与计算机科学结下了不解之缘 Wed 与 结婚 九 1 Between 21 million and 81 million cases of diarrhea that are treated in the United States each year 美国每年有 2100 万到 8100 万就医的痢疾病人 Are treated 译为就医 2 The botulinum toxin is destroyed by heat so canned foods that contain the toxin can be rendered harmless by boiling them for ten minutes 然而 高温可以杀死肉毒素 含有肉毒素的 罐头食品 只需煮沸十分钟 就可以安全食用了 两处被动译为 杀灭 和 食用 3 chemicals that are added to food are safe 食品中的化学添加剂是安全的 直接去掉 被 4 Home canned food can be prepared safely only if proper canning techniques are followed to the letter 只有严格按照技术规定操作 才能保证自制罐装食品安全 两处被动译为 操作 和 按照 5 As a result three lives were lost and hundreds of other patrons are stricken with serious illness 结果导致三人丧生 数百名顾客重病 两处被动译为 丧生 和 重病 6 Never more accurate tests for microbial contamination must be used to verify that each HACCP plan for a food producing company is effective 必须使用更新型 更准确的测试方法 来测试细菌污染的程度 以确保每个风险分析与关键点的控制计划对食品生产公司有效 译为无主句 十 众所周知 一门新科学给人类带来的是祸还是福 其实并不取决于这门科学本身 就像原 子能那样 既可以用来造福人类 也可以用来做杀人武器 It is known to all that whether a new science is weal or woe