文献翻译—锅炉燃烧系统的模糊控制

Faintness controller of burning boilerThe text which study series coal powder burning boilers control a scheme, presented heat load system level modules control, and enter the circuit vague courting superior control, simulation results confirm the feasibility of the sche-me.Currently, many large domestic plants have adopted computer fire control, and the effect is very good. However, because of our electric energy is very tense, there were many small plants in the pot guarding the plant, especially t-he automatic control system coal powder boilers, and have not been properly addressed. The reason is Coal powder boilers factors to be charged more, stro-ng internal link, external disturbances are frequent and has distinct characteristi-cs and nonlinear characteristics purely lag for automatic control system for hig-h security. Thus the system is a category difficult to control. Although many smallpower plant boilers designed conventional instrumentation system, but did not achieve the desired purpose, and most still use manual control. This is be-cause conventional instruments can only achieve a salt sinks control, not con t-rolled process changes, not the entire boiler system coordination and control. Development of the mid-1970s .To obscure control theory, Coal powder boiler combustion control system has good performance and achieve giant burning bo-ilers ambiguous control system. Boilers operating system is an important way to achieve automation. Model steam boiler steam drum boiler combustion syst-ems burning pressure is the main target was the transfer of control, causing st-eam pressure changes a number of factors, such as fuel volume, enter volume, to water, steam flow and the various changes in the nature burn. It is the m-ain disturbance fuel volume change (known as the three), and steam flow cha-nges (known as the three). Changes in the volume of fuel, ignoring some min-or factors, the pressure steam boilers similar to the dynamics of the target. Bo-nus Point forinertial links with the chain link. From the actual process gas pr-essure for the transmission of a certain lag, the time lag in net .We can burn between about 1 s-2s; mathematical models for the systemG (S)=P(S)/M(S)=Ke/ (TS (TZS+1) (1)Type of P, T pressure steam, and one time constants; a delay of one to pow-der one time, K ratio factor.This mathematical model, it is only a similar time constants difficult to ide-ntify the precise measurements, changes in operating conditions and the presen-ce of system equipment error and other factors will cause the parameters, con-stant changes, such changes resulting mathematical model and the actual syste-m. Often do not match to ensure better control over performance, the use ofv-ague control is of great significance.Control scheme, boiler combustion system is a complex of three export targ-ets, as seen in figure 1, but exists between the volume of Figure 1 targets ex-pressed by the actual in-depth study，It found that : the main chamber pressur-e from the wind and enter the film, and the volume of its other effects are s-mallit can be fuel volume, Steam chamber pressure as the pressure brought fa-ns ofthe former fed single-circuit control Unification. In addition, the plan is to ensure access to the traditional economic practices combustion boilers that f-all through a synthesizing Calibration of gas-blast wind of synthesizing. Depart-mentcited various constraints s methods as a result of the effect is not ideal C27, first as a means of economic control of the main temple burned Zr0 muti-lated synthesizing checking device is expensive, life short; Secondly, the longerthe time lag synthesizing signals when the load changes, the volume of coal mutations, synthesizing not timely response, maintained the original air blow v-olume will inevitably cause giant roast inadequate. Therefore, we do not adopt such an approach, but to use thermal efficiency than coal and wind between peaks identity to chamber temperature accused of using courting superior contr-ol, automatic search of the best wind than coal. So that the fuel can design f-or two inches as mutually independent and affiliated control systems that heat load control systems (to maintain steam pressure) roast economic control syste-m (PO With the best wind / coal than). The diagram showed in figure 1. Usedto control steam pressure on the chamber temperature control parameters for d-eputy to vapour pressure for control parameters string level control. In terms of timing, because chamber temperature much more than vapour pressure adva-nce, and inertia time constants are smaller. Advance .To the volume of coal toovercome system transition time, the volume of super-large, the slow recovery of the parameters, such as poor quality control shortcomings, but also for peo-ple deputy circuit into disturbances (such as greenhouses, cited wind, chamber pressure, the volume of coal, coal, etc.) has a fairly strong anti-interference ca-pability. Plans for China had to powder machine rotational speed, fans of The Ir. Proportionalto the rotational speed with powder machine to achieve rate co-ntrol, as fans often rough-and will adjust to the optimal working point for the work points near. When changes to the volume of coal, fans correspondingly changed, chamber temperature changes at this time since an excellent start am-biguous signal controllers, automatic search of the best wind than coal.Control algorithms vague control algorithms, ambiguous signal controllers K-an said one reason single two-part, the acquisition of control is part of the Se-paration Line algorithms table, partly by the control table online algorithm. Se-paration Line algorithm is based on the experience of operators, based on fuz-zy math synthetic reasoning process, with the ultimate aim of producing a blu-rred controller for the on-line application control enquiries table (that is, vaguecontrol table). Online algorithm is actually table export control process. The le-ssons learned from artificial vague control table is very crude, causing crude r-easons, is vague in defining subset. Fully rely on the subjective and will not necessarily realistic. The need to control online vague control table online ame-nded. We therefore adopted a vague signal controller to improve. Compared w-ith the basic ambiguity controller, which added a vague controller parameters will be online from the agency. The agency revised algorithm is based on fakeintelligence people controlled thinking, analysis and identification system exportstatus, dynamically independently conducted online amended to adjust the cont-rol of the entire process simulation tests according to control a scheme, and t-he use of (1) a mathematical model parameters elected T1=120s,T2=60s, t=20s lag time, sampling cycle circuit as is, outside circuit for 2so P=3 a number of gas pressure circuit emulation, Figure spirit vapour pressure vague stringcla-ss control system diagram Figure 5 gives the string class vague control simula-tion curve, and in Bands touring interference. The results can be seen by the simulation operation, the string class vague control has strong anti-interferencecapability, the use of improved Ambiguous signal controllers for boiler com-bustion control system has a very good performance.So, the wind coal than courting distinctions blurred control algorithms in thetrial operation of a boiler plant coal powder, if testing elements (temperature Heat, Puppet kits) installed suitable location, the operating results were very good. As this is an excellent control of the export of a fifteen-volume amendme-nt, thus, is particularly applicable to coal volatile occasions.锅炉燃烧系统的模糊控制本文研究了煤粉锅炉燃烧系统的控制方案，提出了热负荷系统的串级模糊控制，及送风回路的模糊自 寻优控制，仿真 结果证实 了该方案的可行性。目前，国内的许多大型火电厂已采用了微机控制，收效甚好。但是，由于我国的电力能源十分紧张，还 存在许多小型的火力发电厂，对于这些电厂的锅护，特别是煤粉锅炉系统的自动控制问题，并没有得到很好的解决。究其原因是煤粉锅炉的待控因素比较多，内部关联强，外部 扰动十分 频繁，且具有明 显的纯滞后特性和非线性特性，对自动 控制系统的安全性要求较高等。因此是一类难以控制的系统。 许多小型电厂的锅 炉虽然设计了常规仪表系统，但都没有达到预期的目的，大多数仍然采用手工控制。这是因为常规仪表只能 实现带冲量的控制，不能适应受控过程的变化，不能 实现整个锅炉系统的协调控制。70 年代中期发展起来的模糊控制理论，对煤粉锅 炉燃烧系统有着良好的控制性能，实现锅炉燃烧系统的模糊控制是锅炉操作实现自动化的重要途径。锅炉燃烧系统模型锅炉汽包蒸汽压力是燃烧控制对象的主要被调量，引起蒸汽压力变化的因素很多，如燃料量、送风量、给水量、蒸汽流量以及各种使然烧情况变化的原因。它的主要 扰动是燃料量的改变(称为内扰)，和蒸汽流量的变化(称为 外扰)。在燃料量改变时，忽略一些次要因素的影响，锅炉的蒸汽压力对象的动态特性可近似为惯性环节与积分环节的串联。因实际过程中，汽压对象具有一定的传递滞后，纯滞后 时间约为 1 s2s; 我们可得到燃烧系统的数学模型为G (S)=P(S)/M(S)=Ke/ (TS (TZS+1) (1)式中 P-蒸汽压力;T, Tz-时间常数;X 11-给粉量;t-延迟时间;K-比例系数。对于这个数学模型，它只是一种近似，时间常数的测辨率难于精确，运行条件的变化以及系统设备存在误差等因素都会引起各参数、常数的变化，这种变化造成数学模型与实际系统往往不相匹配，难于保证较优的控制性能，所以采用模糊控制具有重要的意义。控制方案,锅炉燃烧系统是一个复杂的三输入三输出对象，而且各量之间存在着一定的关系，把实际对 象进行深入研究后，不 难发现:炉膛负压主要受引风和送风的影，而其它各量对它的影响都很小，因此可以燃料量、蒸汽压力把炉膛负压作为带送风前馈的单回路控制系统处理。另外，图 中的通道是保证锅炉燃烧经济性的传统做法，即通过送 风氧量来维持最佳风煤比，实践证明这种方法由于受多种条件限制效果不够理想，首先作为经济性燃烧主要控制手段的 Zr0 残氧量检测仪价格昂贵，使用寿命短 ;其次，氧量信号的滞后时间较长，当负荷突变时，煤量突变，氧量反应不及时，仍保持原来的鼓风量，势 必造成燃烧不充分。因此，我们不采用这种方法，而是利用热效率与风煤比之间的峰值特性，以炉膛温